scholarly works
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/454
Browse
84 results
Search Results
Item Cassava Productivity Growth in Nigeria(2019) Oluwafemi1, Z. O.; Omonona, B. T.; Adepoju, A. O.; Sowunmi, F. A.Cassava has gained prominence in the world and has become economic crop in the Nigerian agricultural sector. Secondary data was used for this study. The required variables were extracted from General Household Survey Panel Data (GHS-P). The GHS-P is a nationally representative survey of households across Nigeria covering urban and rural sectors. Analytical tools used included Total factor productivity and Markov chain. 82% of populations of Cassava farmers are in the rural areas and close to 73% were young adults including both male and female involved in cassava production. Approximately 65% of the cassava based farmers were single that not yet married and most of the farmers were educated and about 80% and 98% of the cassava based farmers did not have access to credit facilities and extension personnel respectively. Generally, the cassava productivity growth was erratic and very small proportion of cassava farmers that were in lower productivity reduced overtime, while the minimal proportion of cassava farmers that moved into both moderate and high productivity increased overtime respectively. Generally, there is more to be done to increase and attain sustainable high level cassava productivity growth in Nigeria.Item Welfare Costs of Risks and Management Options in Nigeria(2019) Olaniyan, O.; Oni, O. A.; Adepoju, A. O.; Okunmadewa, F. Y.; Fashogbon, A.Most of Nigeria’s declining welfare indicators such as poverty, food insecurity and life expectancy at birth have been linked to high risk exposure. However, little empirical investigations have been made to uncover the dynamics of risks and their attendant welfare implications at the household level using aggregate national data. This study thus investigated risk prevalence, its welfare cost and management strategies within households in Nigeria. Data from the Harmonised National Living Standard Survey (NLSS) of households, collected between 2009 and 2010 by the National Bureau of Statistics, provided the data set for the study. The results revealed that predominant shocks within households in Nigeria are the death of the household head, conflicts in the community, death of a spouse, the household head being away, spouse being away from home, household head hospitalized and personal theft. Among variables that significantly reduce households’ welfare were death and absence of the household head, and community conflict. Further, the results showed that the level of wealth significantly mitigates the negative impact of some shocks. Also, findings fromthe study revealed that households make use of mixed strategies to cope, mitigate and reduce risk exposure and impact. The study concluded by recommending provision of well-managed and need responsive socialinfrastructure suchas good health facilities, pipe-borne water, road network. In addition, people need to be sensitized to the need for life micro-assurance and government needs to subsidize it as this will help reduce the impact of the demise of the breadwinner on the household’s welfare.Item Gender Differentials in Educational Attainment in Rural Nigeria(Macrothink Institute, 2022) Adepoju, A.O.; Chibueze, O.; Ibitola O.R.Education, identified as the substratum of any serious nation’s growth and development, is regarded as an instrument for social change, as well as the process of preparing an individual to become a functional and acceptable member of society. It also ensures the character and moral development of the young learners and the development of sound attitudes for both genders. This study examined gender differentials in educational attainment in rural Nigeria, employing the t-test, analysis of variance and the ordinary least squares regression model for analysis. The main factor which had negative effects on educational attainment of female-headed households was the cost of schooling while factors such as the organization running the school and means of transportation had positive effects on the educational attainment of female households. On the other hand, while age and occupation of the household head had negative effects on male educational attainment, factors such as the value of asset, the organization running the school and means of transportation had positive effects. The approval and implementation of necessary legislation and policies on education targeted at rural dwellers is of utmost importance. This could center on the provision of more nearby government-owned schools as well as awareness creation on the essence of educating both genders, especially the girl child, with a focus of achieving gender balance in educational attainment.Item Land Use Intensity, Crop Diversification and Productivity of Farmers in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria(SEAHI PUBLICATIONS, 2020) Alawode, O. O.; Kabiru, B.A.; Akanbi, O. A.This study examined the relationship between land use intensity, crop diversification and productivity of farmers in Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 200 respondents were selected proportionate to size from four communities and structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics, Ruthenberg index, Herfindahl index, Total Factor productivity and Tobit regression analysis. The mean age of farmers was found to be 50.9years (±15.2), 93.0% were male, 88.0% were married, having an average of 6 persons per household, and 71.5% had formal education. Also, farmers had an average of 25 years of experience in farming, majority (86.5%) were primarily into farming, and 19.5% were members of farmers’ association. Majority (79.5%) used hired labour for their farming activities and 25.5% had access to other sources of income asides farm income, 2.0% had access to credit, while 9.0% had access to extension services. Most (51.0%) of the farmers got their land through inheritance while 12.0% rented theirs. The study showed that only 30.0% of the respondents practiced bush fallow, and mean land use intensity of 0.9(±0.2) indicates that land is intensively used in the study area. Majority (72.5%) of the respondents practiced mixed cropping, planted an average of 2 crops, and cultivated an average farm size of 4.6ha. The results of Herfindahl index showed a mean of 0.7(±0.3) which implies that farmers practiced crop diversification while 27.5% practiced specialization (planting only 1 crop). More than half (59.5%) of the farmers had TFP>1 which indicates low productivity. Tobit regression results show that Herfindahl index was found to be positively related to productivity at 1%, implying that crop diversification reduces the level of productivity. At 5% level of significance, age had negative significant effect (-0.01) while access to credit had positive significant effect (01.26) on the level of productivity. Land use intensity was however found to influence productivity positively, though not significantly. It was concluded that crop specialization increases the level of productivity. Crop specialization should be encouraged among farmers with good land management practices to help reduce the negative effect that high land use intensity might cause in the future.Item Determinants of multidimensional poverty transitions among rural households in Nigeria(IAAE, 2018) A. Adepoju, A.Despite recent progress in poverty reduction globally, millions of people are either near or living in severe multidimensional poverty in Nigeria. This study examined multidimensional poverty transitions in rural Nigeria, employing the Alkire and Foster Measure of Multidimensional Poverty, Markov Model of Poverty Transitions and the Multinomial Logistic Regression Model for analysis. Results showed that multidimensional poverty among rural households in Nigeria is mainly chronic (46.5%) while education and assets dimensions contributed most to the incidence and severity of multidimensional poverty among the households. Educational status, household size, number of assets owned, ownership of land influenced transient poverty while marital status, household size, land ownership and number of assets owned influenced chronic poverty. The study recommends the enactment and implementation of relevant laws against marginalization of rural women in ownership of assets and intensification of efforts and incentives aimed at encouraging human capital development in the rural areasItem Determinants of Child Mortality in Rural Nigeria(2012) Adepoju, A.O.; Akanni, O.; Falusi, A.O.This study examined the determinants of child mortality in rural Nigeria employing the 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data. Data were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics and the Logit regression model. The result of analysis showed that the average age of the respondents at first birth is 19 years; while more than half of them had no formal education, and about three-fifths had less than 24 months birth interval. Secondary and higher education of mother, age of mother at first birth, place of delivery, type of birth, child ever breastfed, sex of child, were among the significant factors influencing child mortality in rural Nigeria. Maternal education, access to adequate health care (especially for pregnant women and children under five years) and increased awareness of benefits of breastfeeding were identified as the key factors to reducing child mortality in rural Nigeria.Item Does credit constraint in agriculture influence choice of nonfarm activities?(ISDS LLC, 2019) Adepoju, A.O.; Omolade, O.K; Obayelu, O.A.Agriculture is less becoming the main source of livelihood in rural Nigeria owing to high climatic risks, poor returns to investment and lack of modern tools. Thus, rural households are beginning to diversify their livelihoods from farming into non-farm activities, as alternative income sources. However, investment in non-farm income generating activities that yield higher returns require in most cases credit availability and accessibility. A household’s participation in and choice of nonfarm activities is thus expected to vary significantly between those who have access to credit and those who do not. However, recognition of the widespread nature and possibly far-reaching impacts of credit on non-farm income activities is scarce. This study examines the link between credit constraint status of rural households and their choice of nonfarm activities. Descriptive statistics, Probit and Multinomial Logit Regression models were employed for analysis. Results revealed that trading, artisanship and commercial transportation activities were the major non-farm activities engaged in by the households. A household credit constrained status also significantly influenced the choice of non-farm activities. Credit constrained households were more likely to participate in commercial transportation activities relative to other non-farm activities owing to its less capital-intensive nature. Promoting access to credit is thus pertinent and should be of utmost priority in the design of any programme for rural households in Nigeria.Item Effect of workdays lost to presumptive malaria on food crop production in rural south west Nigeria(2019-09-23) Adekanye J.O.; Adepoju A.O.; Adeoti A. I.Malaria is a major public health problem in Nigeria, having negative effect on economic livelihood of farming households. Therefore, this study examined the effect of workdays lost to presumptive malaria on food crop production in rural South west Nigeria. A four-stage sampling technique was used to randomly select 395 food crop farming households from Oyo and Osun states based on probability proportionate to size. Structured questionnaire was employed in collecting primary data used in the study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ordinary least square regression model at α0.05. Age of households’ head was 56.41±9.34 years. Male respondents were 88.6%, household size was 7±2 persons and 37.0% had no formal education. Only 45.1%, 24.6%, 37.2% and 7.1% had access to extension services, credit facilities, electricity and mosquito nets, respectively. In a year, the average number of presumptive malaria episodes per household was 17.49± 4.28. Workdays lost to malaria was 73.49±23.87, out of which 69.8% and 30.2% was due to sickness and caregiving, respectively. Household size (β=-1.00), hired labour (β=-0.25) and workdays lost to presumptive malaria (β=-0.12) reduced per capita food crop production while farm size (β= 0.42), fertilizer (β=0.43), herbicides used (β=0.15) and planting materials (β=0.11) increased per capita food crop production. Workdays lost to presumptive malaria had negative influence on household food crop production. Therefore, people in the study area should be encouraged to make proper use of malaria preventive measures, such as mosquito nets, so as to reduce frequency of mosquito bites and malaria attacks. Medication that can reduce the days of incapacitation should be intensified and made available to farmers at affordable prices in order to improve the quality of life and productivity of farming households. Also health education should form a core of educational and extension service delivery to the farmers especially in the rural areas where majority are into farming as means of livelihood.Item LAND INHERITANCE AND ITS RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ONDO DIVISION, WESTERN STATE, NIGERIA(1972-07) ADEGEYE, A. J.The study was aimed at finding the relationship between land inheritance and agricultural development in Ondo division of Western State of Nigeria. Chapter one was devoted to the review of the economy of Western State, the requisites for agricultural development and the relationship between land inheritance and the requisites for agricultural development. The nature of our problem was considered in relation to the present mode of production, the rising population and the probable land shortage. Chapter two was devoted to the methodology and the setting of the thesis. Among others, it considered reasons for choosing Ondo division for a case study, the sources of data and their limitations. Chapter three considered land inheritance in theory and in practice. It reviewed the various meanings and interpretations of inheritance. Finally, we considered case studies of some selected countries. Chapter four was devoted to the analysis of the situation in Ondo division. It was divided into three sections. The first part discussed the inheritance pattern in Ondo division, the second part discussed agriculture and the third part related inheritance to agricultural development. Chapter five was devoted to the policy implication of the study. Our recommendations in this chapter include: (l) The imposition of death duties proportional to number of plots (2) Empowering local authorities to control the farms of those who die without wills. (3) That state farms organised as joint-stock companies should he introduced, where the government and farmers would he shareholder (4) That multi-cooperatives should he encouraged. (5) That individual ownership should he encouraged. Chapter six was devoted to the summary of the thesis. Major findings summarised in the chapter include (1) That land inheritance merely accentuates the process of fragmentation of holdings. Main causes were found to be the techniques of cultivation and safety in face of dangerous animals. (2) That the presence of the part-time farmers in farming, instead of being to the detriment of agriculture, is a blessing, since they bring innovation and capital to agriculture. However, in some cases, it leads to the growth of absentee landlordism. (3) That injection of capital and its efficient use in agriculture is impeded by aversion to borrowing, unwillingness to use inherited lands as collateral and the small sizes of farms. (4) That strangers though permitted in some cases to own farms, cannot decide to transfer their lands as they wish, (5) That consolidation of holdings may not be the answer to the fragmentation of holdings in this area, since in our situation, the farms to be consolidated involve cash-crops of varying ages.Item RETURNS TO INVESTMENTS IN COCOA RESEARCH IN NIGERIA(1978-09) ABIDOGUN, A.The low level of agricultural productivity in many countries of the Third world constitutes a drag on economic development. In any effort to break the deadlock technological change is sine qua non. “Aid” and “technical assistance” have proved generally disappointing as means of stimulating change increasingly, developing countries have become painfully aware that development has to be internally generated In this whole process scientific and technological research is of crucial significance. The organisation of agricultural research in Nigeria is examined and its impact on agricultural productivity evaluated. It is concluded that the performance of agricultural research has been generally poor. However there seems to be some notable exception. The phenomenal increase in cocoa output over the years has often been linked, among other factors, with the introduction of improved varieties and control of pests and diseases. There is thus some indication that cocoa research may have been productive in the past. But how significant has been the contribution of research to cocoa output? Can the value of such contribution vis-a-vis its costs stand the test of social profitability? This study attempts to estimate empirically the returns to investments in cocoa research in Nigeria. For this purpose two models are developed. The first is the index-number model in which the productivity index of improved cocoa varieties is used to measure the downward shifts in the long-run cocoa supply function as a way of estimating the annual values of resource "savings” resulting from increased productivity. The annual 'values of resource savings (representing the social returns) are then weighed against the costs in terms of annual research (including extension) expenditures. The estimated internal rate of return from the resulting cash flow is found to be very high. The second model is a production function incorporating research (including extension) expenditure as an explanatory variable. The result of regression analysis on time series data indicates a high level of significance for the research variable. Converting the research coefficient into an internal rate of return the result obtained corroborated that of the index-number approach. A major implication of the findings is that there has been gross under-investments in cocoa research in the past. It thus deserves a greater share of resources on grounds of allocative efficiency. Furthermore, given the high pay-offs from investments in cocoa research, it could serve as a model in terms of organizational structure, system of financing, staff recruitment and training policy, etc., thus providing valuable insights into more effective means of mobilising scarce resources for greater productivity in the lagging sectors of agricultural research.