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Item LAND INHERITANCE AND ITS RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ONDO DIVISION, WESTERN STATE, NIGERIA(1972-07) ADEGEYE, A. J.The study was aimed at finding the relationship between land inheritance and agricultural development in Ondo division of Western State of Nigeria. Chapter one was devoted to the review of the economy of Western State, the requisites for agricultural development and the relationship between land inheritance and the requisites for agricultural development. The nature of our problem was considered in relation to the present mode of production, the rising population and the probable land shortage. Chapter two was devoted to the methodology and the setting of the thesis. Among others, it considered reasons for choosing Ondo division for a case study, the sources of data and their limitations. Chapter three considered land inheritance in theory and in practice. It reviewed the various meanings and interpretations of inheritance. Finally, we considered case studies of some selected countries. Chapter four was devoted to the analysis of the situation in Ondo division. It was divided into three sections. The first part discussed the inheritance pattern in Ondo division, the second part discussed agriculture and the third part related inheritance to agricultural development. Chapter five was devoted to the policy implication of the study. Our recommendations in this chapter include: (l) The imposition of death duties proportional to number of plots (2) Empowering local authorities to control the farms of those who die without wills. (3) That state farms organised as joint-stock companies should he introduced, where the government and farmers would he shareholder (4) That multi-cooperatives should he encouraged. (5) That individual ownership should he encouraged. Chapter six was devoted to the summary of the thesis. Major findings summarised in the chapter include (1) That land inheritance merely accentuates the process of fragmentation of holdings. Main causes were found to be the techniques of cultivation and safety in face of dangerous animals. (2) That the presence of the part-time farmers in farming, instead of being to the detriment of agriculture, is a blessing, since they bring innovation and capital to agriculture. However, in some cases, it leads to the growth of absentee landlordism. (3) That injection of capital and its efficient use in agriculture is impeded by aversion to borrowing, unwillingness to use inherited lands as collateral and the small sizes of farms. (4) That strangers though permitted in some cases to own farms, cannot decide to transfer their lands as they wish, (5) That consolidation of holdings may not be the answer to the fragmentation of holdings in this area, since in our situation, the farms to be consolidated involve cash-crops of varying ages.Item RETURNS TO INVESTMENTS IN COCOA RESEARCH IN NIGERIA(1978-09) ABIDOGUN, A.The low level of agricultural productivity in many countries of the Third world constitutes a drag on economic development. In any effort to break the deadlock technological change is sine qua non. “Aid” and “technical assistance” have proved generally disappointing as means of stimulating change increasingly, developing countries have become painfully aware that development has to be internally generated In this whole process scientific and technological research is of crucial significance. The organisation of agricultural research in Nigeria is examined and its impact on agricultural productivity evaluated. It is concluded that the performance of agricultural research has been generally poor. However there seems to be some notable exception. The phenomenal increase in cocoa output over the years has often been linked, among other factors, with the introduction of improved varieties and control of pests and diseases. There is thus some indication that cocoa research may have been productive in the past. But how significant has been the contribution of research to cocoa output? Can the value of such contribution vis-a-vis its costs stand the test of social profitability? This study attempts to estimate empirically the returns to investments in cocoa research in Nigeria. For this purpose two models are developed. The first is the index-number model in which the productivity index of improved cocoa varieties is used to measure the downward shifts in the long-run cocoa supply function as a way of estimating the annual values of resource "savings” resulting from increased productivity. The annual 'values of resource savings (representing the social returns) are then weighed against the costs in terms of annual research (including extension) expenditures. The estimated internal rate of return from the resulting cash flow is found to be very high. The second model is a production function incorporating research (including extension) expenditure as an explanatory variable. The result of regression analysis on time series data indicates a high level of significance for the research variable. Converting the research coefficient into an internal rate of return the result obtained corroborated that of the index-number approach. A major implication of the findings is that there has been gross under-investments in cocoa research in the past. It thus deserves a greater share of resources on grounds of allocative efficiency. Furthermore, given the high pay-offs from investments in cocoa research, it could serve as a model in terms of organizational structure, system of financing, staff recruitment and training policy, etc., thus providing valuable insights into more effective means of mobilising scarce resources for greater productivity in the lagging sectors of agricultural research.