Scholarly works in Agricultural Economics
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Item Nutritional vulnerability transitions among rural households in Nigeria(2023) Adepoju, A. O.; Adekunle, O.Aims: It has long been considered that specific age/gender groups, such as women and children, are predisposed to nutritional vulnerability. Thus, nutritional vulnerability among agricultural households is neglected and understudied. This study aims at an empirical assessment of nutritional vulnerability dynamics among rural households in Nigeria. Study Design: Secondary data used for this study was waves 2 and 3 of the general household survey panel data. The sampling design consisted of two stages of sampling: the selection of enumeration areas based on probability proportionate to the size of the enumeration areas and the systematic random selection of ten households from each enumeration area. There were 3370 households selected in rural areas and 1630 households selected in urban areas. 2090 rural households with the required information for this study were included in the analysis. Methodology: Descriptive statistics, nutritional vulnerability score, logit regression model, Markov model, and multinomial logit regression models were used to analyse nutritional vulnerability transitions among rural households in Nigeria. Results: Nutritionally vulnerable households in rural Nigeria include those with aged heads, little or no formal education, limited assets, and no access to land or credit. Nutritional vulnerability in rural Nigeria is primarily transient, with around two-fifths of households experiencing transient nutritional vulnerability and nearly one-third experiencing chronic nutritional vulnerability. While the age of the household head, tertiary education, and access to credit all had a substantial impact on transient nutritional vulnerability, gender, tertiary education, asset value, and access to credit all had an impact on chronic nutritional vulnerability. Conclusion: Support mechanisms such as initiatives to promote access to healthy food, credit, land, and education are critical. To successfully address the issues affecting the nutrition and health of persons facing vulnerabilities, social welfare programs with interventions based on the characteristics of each vulnerable group and the predisposing factors should be adopted.Item Are tomato farmers willing to adopt the hydroponics farming system in Oyo State, Nigeria?(University of Maribo Press, 2023) Adepoju, A. O.; Adekunle, O.The rising demand for tomatoes and tomato-based foods in Nigeria owing to its numerous health benefits calls for a comprehensive and economically viable farming system to replace or complement traditional farming systems for tomato production. This study therefore assessed the level of awareness of tomato farmers and their readiness to adopt the hydroponics farming system. The sociodemographic determinants of their readiness to adopt hydroponic farming were also identified. Measures of central tendency and the logistic regression model were employed in the analysis of data. Knowledge of hydroponic farming was low among the farmers. Key positive determinants of awareness include distance to market, having government support and access to social media. More than three-fifths of the farmers were willing to adopt the hydroponics farming system. Such farmers had tertiary education, access to extension agents and relatively small farm sizes. High initial capital for adoption was the most critical limitation to the readiness of adoption of the system. Enhanced tomato output from this system may be a cause for its advocacy. Awareness and adoption of hydroponic farming can be increased if extension services are intensified. This will ensure food security and sustainable economic development.Item Migration and livelihood of rural households in Nigeria(2023-06) Adepoju, A. O.; Adewole, O.; Olanitori, O.With agriculture being the main source of livelihood, migration has posed severe constraints, thus hampering the livelihood of many households. This research focused on the effects of migration on the livelihood of rural households in Nigeria. Descriptive statistics, Probit and Tobit regression models were the analytical tools employed. Most of the households were male-headed and two-thirds of the rural households had members who had migrated for at least six months. Internal migration was the predominant type of migration while rural households were found to have a low level of livelihood. Age, education, household size, type of employment, land access, type of dwelling, migrant status and physical assets were significant in determining livelihoods of rural households. Thus, lessening the rural-urban divide in the rural areas through public-private partnerships in terms of innovations to support and expand the livelihood possibilities of rural households at all levels of governance should be prioritized.Item Agricultural labour productivity growth and food insecurity transitions among maize farming households in rural Nigeria(University of Belgrade Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia., 2022) Adepoju, A. O.; Obialo, C. A.Agriculture in rural Nigeria is labour-intensive. Thus, the much-desired transition from food insecurity to food security by households requires growth in labour productivity. Labour productivity growth and its effect among other factors on food security transitions of maize farming households in rural Nigeria were assessed. Food insecurity indices were constructed using the second and third waves of data from the General Household Survey- Panel (2012 and 2015), and a probabilistic model was specified. The analytical tools used were descriptive statistics, Partial factor (labour) productivity, Foster- Greer-Thorbecke Model, Markov chain model, Tobit, and Multinomial Logit Regression Models. Labour productivity increased between the two periods although labour productivity growth was very low. Labour productivity growth negatively and significantly affected the transition into food security and being chronically food insecure. Thus, a boost for labour productivity growth should be targeted as a safety net, especially for the food insecure and households vulnerable to food insecurity.Item Are small-scale poultry farmers aware of aflatoxin contaminants in feed in Oyo State, Nigeria?(2022-12) Adepoju, A. O.; Obi, U.; Jerumeh, E.Aflatoxins, feed contaminants formed by certain moulds occur naturally as feed and food impurities and have toxic consequences on both animals and humans. Earlier studies on aflatoxins in Nigeria did not consider small-scale poultry farmers’ awareness of feed contamination. Thus, this study examined the level of awareness of flatoxins in poultry feed and its determinants. Descriptive Statistics and the Logistic Regression Model were the analytical tools employed to analyse data collected from field survey in 2019. One-third of the farmers were aware of aflatoxins in feed which depicts that the level of awareness of aflatoxin in feed by the poultry farmers in the study area is low. Years of education, primary occupation, farm-scale, years of farming experience, access to information from research institutions, and membership in cooperative societies were among the key determinants of the awareness of aflatoxin in feed by the farmers. Efforts should be geared towards increasing the level of awareness of the farmers on the highly toxic contaminant even when fed to poultry at non-fatal levels. Agricultural information highlighting the detrimental consequences of aflatoxin on the health and productivity of poultry and how to minimize aflatoxin contamination in feed should be made more accessible to all farmers.Item Gender differentials in educational attainment in rural Nigeria(Macrothink Institute, 2022) Adepoju, A. O.; Obialo, C.; Ibitola, O. R.Education, identified as the substratum of any serious nation’s growth and development, is regarded as an instrument for social change, as well as the process of preparing an individual to become a functional and acceptable member of society. It also ensures the character and moral development of the young learners and the development of sound attitudes for both genders. This study examined gender differentials in educational attainment in rural Nigeria, employing the t-test, analysis of variance and the ordinary least squares regression model for analysis. The main factor which had negative effects on educational attainment of female-headed households was the cost of schooling while factors such as the organization running the school and means of transportation had positive effects on the educational attainment of female households. On the other hand, while age and occupation of the household head had negative effects on male educational attainment, factors such as the value of asset, the organization running the school and means of transportation had positive effects. The approval and implementation of necessary legislation and policies on education targeted at rural dwellers is of utmost importance. This could center on the provision of more nearby government-owned schools as well as awareness creation on the essence of educating both genders, especially the girl child, with a focus of achieving gender balance in educational attainment.Item Protein food consumption among students in a Nigerian university: a demand modelling(Sciendo, 2022) Obayelu, O. A.; Adeyeye, A. I.; Adepoju, A. O.; Ayanboye, A. O.Adequate consumption of protein is indispensable for human growth and health. Nigeria has a high burden of protein deficiency with attendant loss of economic productivity and high health bills due to ill-health. Owing to paucity of information on demand for protein foods among Nigerian youths, the study assessed the demand for protein foods among students of the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. The data collected from 300 students through a multi-stage sampling procedure were analysed using descriptive statistics and Quadratic Almost Ideal System model (QUAIDS). The results have shown that some of the price coefficients expectedly had a negative relationship with the expenditures. The youths also spent more on beans and chicken but spent less on groundnut. Furthermore, expenditure elasticities of all protein foods were positive. Moreover, expenditure elasticities for beans, eggs, beef and goat meat showed that they were necessities goods, whereas chicken, turkey, soy milk, pork, groundnut and milk were luxury goods. Both compensated and uncompensated elasticity showed that own-price elasticities for the selected protein food items were inelastic, with the exception of goat meat. Demand for protein foods was influenced by own-prices of the protein foods, prices of other protein foods and being a male student. In order to meet their daily dietary needs within a limited budget, students should substitute expensive protein sources like chicken, goat meat, beef and turkey with cheaper ones like groundnut, soymilk, beans and eggs in their diets.Item Financial literacy, women’s empowerment and food safety among farming households in Oyo State, Nigeria(2022) Adepoju, A. O.; Adewole, O.; Akinkuolie, T.Financial literacy, women’s empowerment and food safety are important to the eradication of poverty, malnutrition and the economic development of a nation. This study examined financial literacy, female empowerment and food safety among farming households in Oyo state, Nigeria. The mean age of women in the study area was 42 ± 10 years, with the majority having a primary-level education. Most of the women in the study area were financially literate, but more than half were not empowered. The mean food safety index of 0.1 ± 0.01 shows that most households do not carry out food safety practices. Financial literacy is a major determinant of empowerment among the women. Majority of women are not empowered in comparison to their male counterparts. Monitoring and management of existing empowerment programmes for women should be the focus of government interventions to promote self-sufficiency and empowerment,Item Contribution of non-timber forest products (ntfps) utilization to the well-being of women: evidence from Nigeria(Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka., 2021) Adepoju, A. O.; Adewale, A. A.; Jayeola, O. B.This paper assessed the contribution of NTFPs to the well-being of women living in Ewekoro Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Logistic regression and Ordered Logistic regression models were used to assess the contribution of NTFPs to the well-being of 120 women in the study area. The mean age, monthly household income, distance of homestead to forest and homestead to the nearest market were 47 years, $144.4, 2.0km and 1.8km respectively while 70.5% of the women used NTFPs as food. The housing dimension had the highest index of 0.537 while the overall index of 0.491 indicates a moderate level of well-being for respondents. NTFPs utilization significantly increased with household income and primary occupation but decreased with increasing age, level of education, distance from homestead to forests, distance to the nearest market and access to credit. Women’s well-being increased with utilization of NFTPs, being married, distance from homestead to the nearest market and access to credit but decreased with the distance of homestead to the forest, association membership and income. It is recommended that agricultural advisory and extension services in terms of NTFPs collection and utilization be provided; unconditional cash transfers and other consumption smoothening aids should be provided; necessary road networks should be rehabilitated or constructed, this will enhance NTFPs utilization; credit access should be provided for rural women, and rural women should be mobilized to form and/or join associations. Given that, NTFPs utilization contributes to the well-being of women, policies and programs that will enhance women’s utilization of NTFPs should be put in place.Item Participation in forest management practices, livelihood diversification and welfare of forest dwellers in Gambari Forest Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria(Turkish Science and Technology Publishing (TURSTEP), 2021) Adepoju, A. O.; Opadiran, I. O.The management of forests, a source of livelihood in Nigeria, especially in the rural areas has received little attention in recent times. As a result, most of the forest dwellers who depend on these forests for survival are poor and are beginning to diversify their livelihood into off and non-forest activities as a relevant source of income. This study assessed participation in forest management practices, livelihood diversification and, the welfare of forest dwellers in Gambari Forest Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data, collected from 121 respondents using a multistage sampling Procedure were analyzed employing Descriptive Statistics, Logit, Tobit, and Ordinary Least Squares model. The decision to participate in forest management practices was significantly linked to gender, age, and membership in a forest association. Also, participation in forest management practices, gender, age, and credit accessibility significantly influenced livelihood diversification positively while farm size and monthly income had negative effects. The welfare of forest dwellers was found to be positively influenced by being a married indigene, having access to credit, participation in forest management practices, livelihood diversification, and monthly income while age, education, and market distance from homestead negatively affected the welfare of forest dwellers