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Item Religio-cultural and poetic constructions of the Subaltern African woman(Faculty of Arts, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2012) Sanusi, R.; Olayinka, W.The colonial experience, particularly the introduction of Christianity and Islam in Africa, altered the African socio-cultural equation and ways of life. European and Arab missionaries diligently spread their religious beliefs which fused with some African cultural practices and subsequently determined the status of African women, in particular. Suffice it to say that colonialism, Christianity and Islam masculinised any territory upon which they inflicted themselves and dismantled the matriarchal system that mutually coexisted with patriarchy in some pre-colonial African societies. They also provided an ideological framework for the social roles of women, which subordinated them to their male counterparts. Besides, the poetic constructions of African women on the literary platform of Negritude largely contributed in reinforcing this subaltern image and secondary roles ascribed to African women, heightened by colonialism and promoted by new religious doctrines and practices. The textual representation of African women as mothers, in terms of their nurturing capabilities, placed them in an essentially problematic position, and conferred on them a purely domestic role. It is quite cheering to note, however, that this unhealthy subordination of the African woman is rapidly giving way to the notion of gender equity, founded on new religio-cultural principles, and facilitated by women’s access to western education, modernization, and the systematic ‘eboulement ’ or dismantling of the African patriarchal culture.Item Blind devotion, violence and trauma in the works of Ka Maiga, Bassek and Mpoudi-Ngolle(The Linguistics Association, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 2012) Sanusi, R.; Olayinka, W.African women, for too long, have been made to exist in the shadow of African men. Their subordination to men has been mostly achieved by the enactment of societal laws in pre-colonial, colonial and neocolonial African settings which categorize them (women) as the other. The consequence of this subjugation is women’s dependence on/and blind acceptance of their inferiority to men. To change the status quo, African feminist writers and critics alike have raised awareness in women about the obduracy of (oppressive tendencies of some African cultural mores. These cultural (ethos /practices are those that spring from essentially controlling woman’s body that practically translate into controlling her mind in order to make her believe the myth that she is inferior to her male (counterpart; The reification of the female body invariably leads to African women’s blind devotion to their husbands, children and most often, the extended family. Besides, women are also victims of male violence and trauma as evidenced in the works of Philomene Bassek, Aminata Ka MaTga and Evelyne Mpoudi Ngolle.Item Une saison au Congo d'aime cesaire ou la tragedie des nations Africaines(2013-05) Sanusi, R.; Akinwumi, J.Depuis la colonisation jusqu’a l’heure actuelle, la question de la liberation de l’homme noir n’a pas cesse de faire couler beaucoup d’encre dans les productions litteraires des ecrivains negro-africains. A cet effeL la majorite des oeuvres des ecrivains negro-africains semblent renvoyer a des realites communes : celles d’emanciper Phomme noir et de le liberer entierement du joug colonial voire du neo- colonialisme. Cette preoccupation, Aime Cesaire la fait sienne dans sa piece de theatre intitulee Une saison au Congo parue en 1973. L’objectif de cet essai par ailleurs, est d’analyser, d’une part, les effets perdurant de la colonisation dans la quotidiennete des colonises meme apres l’independance et de montrer, d'autre part, la demarche postcoloniale entreprise par ces derniers afin de finir avec cette plethore de problemes qui freinent revolution du continent africain.Item La construction du francais hexagonal dans trois romans quest Africains(Department of European Languages, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, 2015-04) Sanusi, R.; Adegbite, S.Sub-Saharan African literature written in French has right from inception been criticized for the adoption of French as its language of expression. Senghor, who is one of the founding fathers of Negritude, defended vehemently why French language imposes itself as a language of expression of a literature, which at the time, addresses itself to the colonizer. The reading of Jean-Marie Adiaffi's La carte d'identite, Ahmadou Kourouma's Les soleils des independances and Adelaide Fassinou's Toute une vie ne suffirait paspour en parler show a rupture with their predecessors and some of their contemporaries vis-h-vis the language of the colonizer. This article as its title indicates, is about the exploration of linguistic and literary procedures employed in the deconstruction of French used in Hexagon, the motivations of the writers and the effects produced on the reader as well as on this literature which is becoming more and more original.Item Les ecrivains Africains et la qufite de la liberty(L'Association nigeriane des Enseignants universitaires de frangais, 2020-10) Sanusi, R.; Alawode, M. I.Cet article est aureole autour d'un essaim d'oeuvres litteraires africaines, de critiques et de theories intercontinentales avec pour objectif d'examiner, dans un sens plus elargi, la quete de la liberte du Noir, ou mieux encore de VAfricqin. Cette quete, est depuis les temps de la Nigritude jusqu'a nos jours, le moteur de la creation litteraire de bon nombre d'ecrivains africains. Dans Voeuvre engagee voire polemique, intitulee Mongo Beti - La quete de la liberte, Andre Djijfack, a fait une etude monolithique qui porte un regard acerbe sur la question de la liberte de VAfricain. Force est cependant de souligner que depuis les eres des maledictions coloniales jusqu'a present, le Noir est pris, non seulement, dans un engrenage dejeux de conquete, de domination, d‘oppression et Sexploitation, mais aussi dans un tourbillon de mille contradictions, tour d tour, dans les mains du colonisateur, puis dans les griffes de son compatriote, le dictateur sanguinaire africain. Notre article s’articulc sur un debat litteraire pluraliste sur la quete de la liberte de VAfricain. Pour ce, nous nous interessons d la preoccupation thematique d'une plethore d'ecrivains africains, depuis I'eclosion de la litterature africaine, en tenant compte du discours theorique d'Achille Mbembe sur la postcolonie, et ceux de scs predecesseurs intercontinentaux, pour remettre en cause la question du centre (le Blanc) cl de la Peripherie (le Noir) vis-d-vis du rapport de forces qui existe entre ccs deux blocs. II nous semble, malheurcuscmcnt que cette quite relive du registre de I'utopie dans le developpement de I'Afriquc par ses leaders.Item Interpretation within the context of francophone African literature: an investigation(Department of European Languages, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, 2015-04) Salawu, A.; Sanusi, R.African literature is a part of translation studies. Whoever writes in a language different from his/her mother tongue is translating. Therefore, writers of francophone African origin are translators. The discipline of Translation studies has two major branches, which are translation and interpretation. In some novels of African origin, the interpreter plays an important role, useful in understanding the message of the author. The objective of this article is to evaluate and understand the relevance of interpretation within African fiction of francophone origin namely, Les soleils des independences of Ahmadou Kourouma, Les bouts de bois de Dieu of Sembene Ousmane and L'etrange destin de Wangrin: les roueries d'wi interpret africain (1992) of Ahmadou Hampath6 Ba. The study adopts not only historical, but comparative and narrative analysis of data from the texts of Ahmadou Kourouma, Sembene Ousmane, and Ahmadou Hampathe Ba, while the theoretical framework is descriptive translation studies (DTS). Works of linguists, translators, language experts, and literary' scholars serve as reference documents. The profession of translator is a mere transposition of the function of the griot as known in francophone Africa, and the commandant in the novel stands as the emperor of the oral literature where the griot is a professional linguist that facilitates the communication between the emperor and his subjects. The study concludes on the notes that the griot and the interpreter are lucky individuals who hold a privilege position and who at the same time must be checked because they go beyond the limit of their duty.Item A place where three roads meet: theory, humanities and research(2015-01) Sanusi, R.This article argues that theory has become a dominant sign of our time and has moved beyond its traditional engagement with literary text but addresses a wider range of socio-political and cultural concerns worldwide; embracing most disciplines of the humanities and the social sciences. Literary theory for instance, now includes the subject, minorities, identities, race, class, gender -empire,' colony, nation, migrancy, centre, margin, postcoloniality, civil war, global refugee crises, globalization among others. Theory, as a result, is not a mere instrument that we use anyhow but. rather it should be carefully chosen before we apply it to our research. Today, theory is very important that hardly can we engage in a humanistic study without applying theories. To be a critic now, especially in academic life, is also to be a theorist. The essay concludes by noting that Humanities and Research cannot operate in isolation for they walk and work together and that any serious researcher has to be mindful of this.Item Item La litterature et la langue pendant la renaissance en France(2013-04) Salawu, A.; Sanusi, R.La Renaissance franchise merite d’etre louee par ses contributions au developpement de la langue franqaise et de sa litterature. Ces themes ne peuvent etre etudies sans faire reference a la vie politique, economique, et sociale de cette periode. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes servis des references litteraires, sociologiques, politiques et historiques. C’est pendant la Renaissance francaise que la langue franqaise a ete codifiee avec des emprunts enormes aussi bien de l’ltalie, du Portugal, de l’Espagne, et du Nouveau Monde. Le XVIe siecle francaise a eu une evolution rapide malgre les bouleversements engendres par les reformes religieuses. Des ecrivains comme Pierre de Ronsard et Francois Rabelais restent encore remarquables quant a ce qui concerne la litterature franqaise. Il apparait necessaire d’encourager des recherches approfondies sur le XVIe siecle franqais qui laisse encore beaucoup de questions sans solutions.Item Language, politics and identity in the novels of Ahmadou Kourouma(Department of Foreign Languages, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 2012-11) Salawu, A.; Sanusi, R.Facts are vital parameters not only in the sciences, history and translation studies but also in literature Facts are the back-hone of human discussions irrespective of the nature of things discussed. To avoid attacks for political reasons, some Francophone Postcolonial African writers, create imaginary spaces in their novels and embellish them with facts. This is for instance, the preoccupation of Ahmadou Kourouma in his debut novel, Les soleils des independances (1970), and others. The objective of this paper is to show Kourouma’s commitment as a literary linguist, politician, historian, geographer, and indeed as an iconoclastic writer. The issue of identity is also addressed in the analysis of Kourouma’s works. This study, therefore, adopts a narrative analysis of data collected from Ahmadou Kourouma’s Les soleils des independances (1970), Monne, outrages et defis (1990), En attendant le vote des betes sauvages (1998) Allah n ’est pas oblige (2000), and Quand on refuse on dit non (2004). Special attention is paid to critica works of linguists, political theorists, translators and literary scholars among others, to buttress our discourse. Kourouma is known for his language revolution, political discourse, translation skills and his quest for identity. In fact, Kourouma’s coloration of French language with Malinke, his mother-tongue stands like pillars to solidify his creative work and to promote African languages and identity. Needless to say that facts and spaces are parameters responsible for the gradual development of Kourouma’s novels for they allow his protagonists to complete their journey in the process of actualizing their destiny.