Scholarly works in European Studies
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Item L’arriviste ou la tradition réaliste française dans le roman Un nègre a violé une blonde à Dallas de Ramonu Sanusi(2019) Souleymane, A.L’ambition, l’envie et l’orgueil, qui ont suscité la création du personnage arriviste des romans réalistes, sont des caractéristiques humaines réfléchies dans la littérature depuis toujours. L’étude de l’ambition égoïste chez le héros du roman Un nègre a violé une blonde à Dallas révèle que la peinture sociale faite par Ramonu Sanusi s’inscrit dans la tradition des Balzac, Stendhal et Maupassant. Après avoir connu l’abandon familial, la cruauté et l’amertume, Ajanaku prend d’assaut Lagos et d’autres grandes capitales du monde avec une seule ambition : devenir et revenir riche. Cette obsession de la richesse conduit à une représentation de la société contemporaine de Sanusi ancrée sur le Nigéria. Le roman offre une autre dimension à l’arrivisme et élargit l’éventail des personnages réalistes pour établir le prototype de l’arriviste nigérian.Item Colonial violence and anticolonial primary resistance in selected novels of Le Clézio(2017) Souleymane, A.Postcolonial writers – from the formerly colonised countries – usually feel more entitled to offer narratives of local resistance against the domination and exploitation of Western imperialism. Existing literatures have revealed that classical French writers with obvious anti-colonial agenda were not exempt from Eurocentric hegemonic penchant. However, much more need to be said about contemporary French writers who wrote about their colonial experiences as victims. This paper focuses on the experiences of violence and anticolonial resistance, mainly in the colonised territories around Onitsha, South-East Nigeria. The study applies Fanon’s principles of violence and resistance which preconise defiance within the anticolonial struggle with a view to establishing the anti-colonial reactions permeating Le Clézio’s novels, namely Chercheur d’or, Onitsha and L’Africain. The novels present the sympathy of European narrators towards various forms of defiance by the oppressed natives, both individual and collective resistance, through strikes, boycotts and murder. They demonise the colonisers who used excessive force to quash local revolts. Narratives of exploitation and fraud slur the colonisers, who could be qualified as mere capitalists. The texts incriminate capitalists, in the guise of colonial powers, with the post-independence woes of African countries and reveal the conspiracy of Western powers to infantilise and vilify newly independent countries. These contemporary narratives of anticolonial resistance foreground Le Clézio as an enforcer of social justice in a globalized world.Item Understanding the colonial debate in postcolonial France(Department of French, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, 2016) Souleymane, A.Recent debates on colonialism and its repercussions in contemporary French societies have indicated a high level of postcolonial activities in France. However, the adoption and use of postcolonial theory by French critics is insignificant compared to its strides in the English-speaking world. This study examines recent opinions of French intellectuals on their colonial history with a view to establishing the trends in postcolonial criticism in the French literary world. The study adopted postcolonial criticism in as much as the issues discussed revolve round the aftermath of colonialism on the French societies. The low patronage of postcolonial theory in France was premised on the apathy of the French academics against a perceived Anglo-saxon invention, and the official posture of the French government to praise colonial adventure. The analysis also covered the anti-colonial intellectuals’ opinions about the French postcolonial identity, the re-appraisal of colonial history and efforts at decolonising the minds of the French society, including its government. The reflection of postcolonial issues in contemporary French societies provides a background to further the appreciation of literary works by postcolonial French writers such as Le Clézio and Michel Tournier.Item Representations of desert Arabs as colonial subjects in the contemporary French novel: a study of desert by Le Clezio(Faculty of Arts, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2015) Souleymane, A.Stereotypes of the Islamic world, which were generated by colonial French writers and denounced by their North African counterparts, usually degraded the Orient and justified colonialism. This article focused on the representations of the colonised Maghrebian Arabs in the novel of Le Clezio, a contemporary French writer. The study applied the postcolonial literary theory to explore the experiences of race, representation and difference in relation to the colonial discourse of Orientalism and Fanon's dichotomy between the coloniser and the colonised with a view to establishing the colonial assumptions permeating the novel titled Desert. The nomadic Arabs were dehumanised, debased, gerontified and infantilised while their virtues were negated and trivialised by Europeans, who, conversely influenced by Occidentalist self-affirmation, portrayed themselves as superior and powerful people whose intervention was to take out an eccentric, criminal and outlawed Islamic leader. Flis descendants in the colonised 'City' were classified as oppressors of women, moribund and wretched people who saw Europe as the Eldorado. These various representations of the Tuaregs as the demonic 'Other' of the European 'Self underpinned the writer's intention to expose the influence of colonial mentality, a result of hegemonic western discourse, on Iris fellow Europeans.Item "Resistance in the desert: a postcolonial reading of the novel desert by le clézio"(Nightingale Publications, 2015-06) Souleymane, A.Literature about the images of the Maghrebian Arabs was usually investigated in postcolonial criticism as either withholding the cultural assumptions produced by Orientalism or proposing an anti-western critique of the hegemonic West. This paper focused on the subversion of the stereotypes of the colonised Maghrebian Arabs in the novel of a contemporary French writer. The study applied postcolonial literary criticism to explore the experiences of representation and difference in relation to the colonial discourse of Orientalism and Fanon’s principles of violence and resistance with a view to establishing the anti-colonial reactions permeating the novel titled Desert. The nomadic Arabs were portrayed as freedom lovers who had to resist the internationally sponsored French army, presented as powerful, barbaric, repressive and oppressive intruders. Europe was demystified, as a hostile land, full of disillusion, brutality and deception. The heroin Lalla epitomised resistance as evidenced in the condemnation of oppression, forced marriage and exile to Europe. The existence of discursive resistance in the novel and the will to give a voice to the marginalized therefore establishes Desert as a postcolonial work, and more particularly a critique of the West from within.Item Amour, famille et expérience coloniale : entre tabous et bonheur individuel dans L’Amant de Marguerite Duras(Ibadan University Press, 2014) Souleymane, A.La révision du passé colonial s’avère importante dans la compréhension de l’identité et de l’altérité dans la société française contemporaine. Dans la tentative de captiver l’atmosphère coloniale, les premiers écrivains coloniaux des XVIIIè et XIXè siècles ont été accusés d’exotisme littéraire, celui d’avoir raconté des histoires souvent imaginaires sur des territoires lointains de l’Asie, de l’Afrique et même de l’Amérique. Ceux du XXè siècle se sont plutôt consacrés à raconter des aventures coloniales vécues sous forme de carnets de voyages, de récits, d’autobiographies ou de romans souvent à caractère (auto)biographique. Les études postcoloniales permettent d’analyser ces aventures coloniales à travers les thèmes du choc des cultures, du racisme, de l’hybridité, de l’identité et de l’altérité. Alors que la majorité des écrivains postcoloniaux provenant des anciennes colonies condamnent d’emblée le système colonial et sa mentalité, les écrivains de la métropole sont plutôt partagés entre le soutien et la condamnation de la Mission Civilisatrice dans les colonies. Faire une lecture postcoloniale de L’Amant permettra de situer Marguerite Duras sur l’échelle de la résistance anticoloniale. Au-delà d’une aventure amoureuse entre une française et un Chinois en Indochine, L’Amant permet au lecteur d’appréhender le regard que porte Duras sur la colonisation en Indochine et les effets qu’elle a sur les relations entre colons et colonisés et sur la gestion familiale d’une veuve française dans une communauté coloniale en prise à l’hypocrisie et au racisme.Item Entre l’occident et l’orient: la condition feminine au xviiie siecle dans les lettres persanes de montesquieu(2013) Souleymane, A.Le souci de résoudre l’équation homme-femme dans toutes les facettes de la vie ainsi que la prise de conscience de la ‘subalternité’ de la femme par rapport à l’homme présupposent une période latente où les droits des femmes furent négligés, voire bafoués. L’étude des femmes dans une oeuvre française du début du XVIIIè permettra d’examiner les représentations des femmes à un moment où le mouvement féministe était encore à ses balbutiements. Montesquieu laissaient transparaitre la plupart de ses préoccupations dans son premier ouvrage Lettres persanes, en inauguration d’un siècle où grand nombre des études critiques cherchaient à expliquer certaines questions selon un esprit rationnel dont l’aboutissement à l’époque était la Grande Révolution de 1789. L’oeuvre est une satire où la confrontation de deux cultures sert de tremplin pour inculquer une leçon de relativisme. Loin de chercher à déterminer les derniers remparts de l’oppression des femmes par un monde à dominance patriarcale, cet article tente de revisiter les représentations des femmes et la quête du bonheur chez les femmes françaises et orientales ainsi que le symbolisme de leur lutte pour l’émancipation, à un moment où l’humanité, en France particulièrement, se souciait plutôt des droits de l’homme en général. Nous espérons situer la position de l’oeuvre de Montesquieu vis-à-vis de l’oppression politique, sociale et psychologique des femmes.Item Poetique et psychologic de I’exil dans septieme printemps de Ramonu Sanusi(2012-06) Souleymane, A.; Duncan, O. S.In several postcolonial works of contemporary African writers, we observe that the legacy of the colonization is the inferiority complex of the former (ancient) colonized which believes that the acculturation in the western values and the migration to the West are the) keys to the economic, political and cultural safety (salute). In certain Works, the life in the West ends in a psychological shock of the exile because of the clash of the cultures and the climates. Ramonu Sanusi, a Nigerian bilingual writer produced by the interbreeding between Africa and the West, deals with the problem of the exile of the Africans in the western countries through a collection of poems entitled “Seventh spring”. Because our work discusses the personality of the poet in a post-independence context, we are going to use a psychological approach based on the postcolonial theory to position the poetic work of Sanusi in the postcolonial context of the bilingual Nigerian writers. The analysis of the theme of the exile in the poems of Sanusi will allow us to place the concerns of the poet in the problem of the exile through its causes and consequences, to see if the author is a simple observer or a stakeholder in the cultural context of his story. The analysis by archetypes according to the psychoanalysis of Jung will reveal us how the exile which begins as a quest ends in an initiation. From the illusory exile to the disappointment of the exile, the poet discovers that the Africans of the Diaspora have to return to Africa to end the dictatorship of the leaders and that Africa needs the competence of all the exiles to liberate her from the yoke of diseases and of all the troubles brought about by the economic underdevelopmentItem The place of phonetics in teaching and learning an FFL : a case study of French in Nigerian secondary schools(2011-06) Souleymane, A.It has been observed that most of the Nigerian French teachers qualified to teach in (he Junior Secondary Schools are not linguistically competent enough. Those with a Francophone background who speak fluently are alleged to lack teaching skills. Within the framework of a communicative method which gives credence lo more oral communication at the beginners’ stage, it is expected that French teachers at the JSS level will do a lot of oral practice with their pupils. As oral practice requires good pronunciation, ascertaining the phonetic competence of the teachers and improving on it will be important. The workshops organized by the Centre for French Teaching and Documentation of Oyo State for French Teachers of JSS level in Oyo and Kogi States are under scrutiny. Questionnaires, tests and a reading passage were used to evaluate the selected teachers’ theoretical and practical knowledge and the methodology of phonetic correction in class. Results show the teachers’ weaknesses in all areas of phonetic knowledge and practice in the classroom. This article presents the facts concerning the teachers’ level in phonetics and reading and proffers some ways forward in the usage of phonetics in class and the requirements to incorporate it in the general curriculum of French as a foreign language in Nigeria at the beginners’ levelItem Kinship honorifics and intercultural communication in German translations of things fall apart and arrow of God(Department of Communication and Language Arts, Faculty of Arts, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 2017) Eke, J. N.This paper examines honorifics that mirror cultural and social standings and attitudes within the kinship system of the Igbo of Africa and, thereby, provides an understanding of the cultural constitution and identity of the society. Variations in kinship systems and terms across cultures create difficulty in the transfer of cultural knowledge through translation - instanced here with Igbo and German cultures. This difficulty, therefore, demands that a translator does a close reading of cultural narrative contexts of kinship honorifics usages to avoid misrepresentation of cultures and to achieve intercultural understanding.