Scholarly Works

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SOME FEATURES OF LANGUAGE USE IN YORUBA TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
(1991) ADEGBITE, A. B.
This study attempts to characterize some of the significant features of language form and content in texts which usually accompany the practice of Yoruba Traditional Medicine (YTM). After collection of samples of texts from different Herbalist- Client (HC) encounters in the field, some of these texts are analysed along the dimension of register studies. Those significant features which occur prominently in most of the texts analyzed are then posited as characteristic features of YTM texts. The content features of YTM texts are identified in the work by relating the texts to extralinguistic experience via the level of situation and the categories of use, function, message and structure. And the formal features are described by observing their projection of the content via grammatical and lexical options in the linguistic system. The features of situation show that these texts are products of speech events which involve human and non-human objects, Participant beliefs, actions, relations and behaviour. The texts, whose primary mode is conversational reveal especially that participants in YTM interaction believe In magical medicine, rituals and in the power of the spoken word. There are three major uses performed by YTM texts, viz. diagnosis, optional divination and medication. These uses derive from participants’ intuitive reaction to the functions and messages of the texts. The message summarizes the thematic content of each text pertaining to the identification of a problem and finding the remedy for it. And the functions provide mainly the informative and directive bases for the message content. The structure of YTM texts reveals dialogical interactions in which herbalists and clients take turns in diagnostic and prescriptive transactions to make various initiation-response moves constituted mainly by elicit-reply and direct-accept acts. In some of the texts, however, the herbalist's turns may further extend into monological transactions of divination, incantations and supplication, depending on the performance situations. Lastly, the forms of the texts show that the preponderance of some cohesive features as well as the prominence of unmarked theme and simple sentences enhance simplicity and easier comprehensibility of the messages of YTM texts. They also show that the material process and positive polarity are prominent because the texts represent a lot of physical activities carried out towards achieving a positive goal. Lastly, they show that the declarative mood marks the primary function of giving information in YTM interaction. In all, the study contributes to both Yoruba studies and text analysis in the manner in which it utilizes an eclectic textual model to explicitly analyze some texts from a Yoruba register.
STYLE IN YORUBA CRIME-FICTION
(1993-01) ADEBOWALE, O.
Crime, the bane of contemporary society has attracted the attention of many scholars in the Social Sciences. Literary writers have also made crime a subject-matter in their works. In their own case, Yoruba prose-fiction writers present various facets of crime and crime-detection in their works. Using the content of the modern Yoruba novels, Ogunsina (1976) and lsola (1978) have identified crime-fiction as a major class of Yoruba prose-fiction. Critical works such as Ogunsina (1976, 1987) and Olufajo (1988) on this class of Yoruba prose-fiction are mainly historical and sociological. While Ogunsina (1976:202-205) explains that language use in the modern Yoruba novel is in conformity with modern usage, Isola (1978: 190-260) classifies the use of language in the modern Yoruba novel into three: casual, mixed styles and elegant. Hitherto, critical works on Yoruba prose-fiction have only limited their activities to the use of subjective evaluative terms like good or bad and casual or polished to describe a novelist's style. The focus of this thesis therefore, is to identify and analyse the style of Yoruba crime fiction writers in order to arrive at a more acceptable stylistic description of this class of Yoruba prose-fiction. The work is in two parts. The first part which consists of two chapters forms the background study. Here, attempt is made to situate the problem of crime within the sociological background with the aim of placing Yoruba crime-fiction in proper perspective. The issue of style is also examined in this part. In the second part which comprises four chapters, an indepth analysis of the works of two prominent Yoruba crime-fiction writers: Okediji and Akinlade is attempted. The writers' narrative presentationa, styles, characterizational style and their use of language are discussed in this section. We conclude that, despite the differences in the writers' works, Okediji's and Akinlade's language serve ultimately the same purpose: to impose order upon chaos, to give structure and• meaning to the secret travail which ordinary life conceals.
Eka ede yoruba
(Visual Resources Publishers, 2000) Adeyinka, A. A
Language use and language attitude
(Distance Learning Centre, University of Ibadan, 2008) Fadoro, J. O.
Children literature in Nigeria: the Yoruba example
(The Department of Teacher Education University of Ibadan, 2008) Adeyinka, A. A.
"The aesthetic and therapeutic effects of literature on the life effect both the old and young. Yoruba oral literature accords due respect to children in its poetry and drama as it has a myriad of renditions like songs, lullabies, poems and folktales for their listening and participation enjoyment. In contemporary Nigeria love for written children literature in Yoruba is dying as many authors do not write for children while publishers also show little interest in publishing materials in the indigenous languages. This paper examined the prospect of children written literature in Yoruba by considering the efforts of writers so far and the problems facing it today. Suggestions on how to sustain it and improve on its teaching in schools in the 21st century are also offered. "
"Proverbs and marriage in Yorubaland "
(National Association for Research Development, 2008-07) Adeyinka, A. A.
"Proverb is a very important oral genre among the Yoruba. It embellishes the traditions, values and customs of the people. This paper reviews the works of scholars on what proverb is, its form, how it reveals the socio-genetic nature, ethical values and philosophy about labour, family, friend etc of the Yoruba nation. A cursory look is taken at Yoruba proverbs relating to marriage. Twelve of such proverbs are collected, analyzed and discussed to reveal the sacredness and sanctity of marriage institution among the Yoruba. The paper observes that a matured is expected to marry, the in-laws should be revered, love and understanding should be the hallmark of a happy home while sexual promiscuity is detested. The paper offers recommendations on how to revive this moribund oral genre by teaching and examining it at primary and secondary schools and it concludes that knowledge of proverb helps to foster peace, unity love and progress in the Yoruba society."
Pedagogical constraints in negotiating oral English through Yoruba: a linguist's exploration
(Lincom Europa Academic Publications, Munich, 2009) Fadoro, J. O.
"Language policy and the status of Yoruba in private primary schools in Abeokuta north local government area "
(Department of Educational Foundations and Counselling, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife., 2010) Adeyinka, A. A.
"The importance of mother tongue as a medium of instruction at the primary level of education is a subject of concern to language educators. While many studies have been carried out on public primary schools, not many have been done in private schools, hence the challenge to probe into problems facing the teaching of the mother tongue in this sector. Two hundred and fifty pupils and ten Yoruba teachers were randomly selected from five private primary schools in Ogun State. Three instruments used to obtain data were Pupil Questionnaire on Yoruba (PQY), Teacher Questionnaire on Yoruba (TQY) and an interview guide for head teachers. Data collected were analysed using simple percentages. The results showed that all the private schools used for the study did not encourage the use of Yoruba as a medium of instruction hence qualified Yoruba teachers were not recruited; teaching aids were not adequately provided; most teachers(80%) did not give assignments in Yoruba to their students and it was forbidden to speak Yoruba in schools(100%). Ironically, majority of the pupils spoke Yoruba at home and watched Yoruba programmes on television. The paper recommends that schools should encourage the use of Yoruba as a medium of instruction in early primary education while enough time should be allotted to it on the school timetable "
Revisiting the mother-tongue medium controversy
(Montem Paperbacks, Akure, 2010) Fadoro, J. O.
A number of studies carried out on 'Primary School Dropouts' in Nigeria and elsewhere attributed the dropout phenomenon (which ranges from 40% to 60%) in certain countries to premature introduction of English as a language of instruction at the primary school. In the National Policy on Education (Revised in 1981), the mother-tongue medium policy was clearly and unambiguously stated for the first time. Since then, several experiments have been carried out to prove the efficacy of mother tongue as medium of instruction in the primary school. Notable among these is the Ife Six-Year Yoruba Primary-Project (SYYPP) 1970- 1975. This study provides answers to the following questions: (i) Are the proprietors of Private Nursery and Primary Schools aware of the mother-tongue medium policy? (ii) What is their attitude towards it? (iii) To what extent is the policy statement adhered to? (iv) If the policy is not-adhered to, what are the reasons given for not adhering to it? (v) What is the status of the so-called major languages and languages of the immediate community in these schools, that is, are they being taught as subjects? (vi) How many periods are allotted to them per week on the timetable, compared with exoglossic languages like English and French? (viii) What are the implications of all these on the so-called major languages of Nigeria and the languages of the immediate community? Answers to these questions form the basic thrust of this paper
"Proposal for a Yoruba decimal counting system "
(Ghana Journal of Education and Teaching, 2010-11) Adeyinka, A. A.
"Human activities involve the use of numbers everyday but there are only few explanations on how numbers came into existence. The Yoruba traditional number system, unlike other languages, employs the use o f addition, multiplication and subtraction which makes calculation complex, complicated and cumbersome. This has led many users-elites, traders, school children and the educated-to abandon its use. Today, alternative ways are being sought to Yoruba traditional counting and this paper presents the decimal number system and how to count in it up to one million with ease. It eliminates the subtractive numerals thus making counting in Yoruba easy and straight forward."
Mother-tongue as a medium of instruction in the twenty-first century: what hope for Nigeria
(Ibadan University Press, 2012) Adeyinka, A. A.
The Possible sources of /z/ in AO
(Yoruba Studies Association of Nigeria, 2012) Fadoro, J. O.
The place of Ao among Yoruba dialects has been clearly identified in previous research. Its location within the South Eastern Yoruba (SEY) of Awobuluyi (1998) has been incontrovertibly established. However, the dialect has two phonemic consonants which distinguish it from the other dialects of Yoruba. These are /z/: The voiced alveolar fricative, and /λ/: The voiced post-alveolar fricative. This paper focuses on the possible source of /z/ in the sound system of Ao. Three possibilities are explored. These are: spirantisation, affrication and the effect of neighbouring Edoid languages. On the basis of phonological plausibility, the researcher cleaves to the first possibility spirantisation, otherwise known as frication
Towards Akokoid orthographies
(2012) Fadoro, J. O.
Language contact between Akokoid and Yoruba has resulted in gradual shift from Akokoid. Thus, the speech forms subsumed under Akokoid now face a precarious problem of extinction in the near future. As a step towards the possibility of preserving these speech forms, previous scholars have prescribed the need to analyse and describe them as well as propose good orthographies for them. In response to this prescription, the present study proposes two orthographies for the Akokoid speech forms. Jules Gillieron and Edmond Edmont's pioneering theory of traditional dialectology, served as the theoretical framework. The University of Ibadan 400 wordlist was used to obtain data from 34 informants. Selection of informant was guided by the Acronym NORM(s) (Non-Mobile, Old, Rural, Males). In analyzing the data, Pike's discovery procedure in phonological analysis and Williamson's Orthographic Conventions were employed. Lexicostatistics conducted earlier revealed that Arigidi and Erushu are 88.5% cognate and are also mutually intelligible, so we classified them together as dialects of Arigidi. By contrast, the Owon varieties, comprising of Afa, Aje, Udo, Oge, Igashi and Uro are 81.0% cognate and they are mutually intelligible, therefore they are classified together as Owon. Two distinct but related languages within the nine speech forms were identified. These are Arigidi and OW9n, jointly referred to as Akokoid. As a result of their endangered status, there is need for harmonization and standardisation within each group. This paper responds to this need by providing two orthographies, one for Arigidi and the other for owon as a preliminary measure towards their preservation and use in education
Phonological variation in Akokoid
(The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education, 2013) Fadoro, J. O.
This paper examines the process of language change occasioned by different phonological processes in the nine speech forms which scholars have given different names, such as Northern Akoko Cluster (Hoffman 1974), Akokoid (Akinkugbe 1978), Amgbe (Capo 1989), Arigidi – Amgbe (Akinyemi 2002) and Arigidi- Owon (Fadoro 2008b). These nine speech forms are Arigidi, Erushu, Afa, Oge, Aje (Ese), Udo, Oyin, Igashi and Uro all spoken in the present Akoko North-West Local Government with its headquarters in Oke-Agbe, Ondo State of Nigeria. Through the direct method of data elicitation, the Ibadan 400 wordlist was used to obtain data from 30 informants. Selection of informants was guided by the acronym (NORMs) (Non-mobile, Old, Rural, Males). The major finding of this research is the fact that the speech forms in question have undergone systematic changes over time. These changes have occasioned phonological variation within the group. Arigidi (which is made up of Arigidi and Erushu) has twenty phonemic consonants, whereas Owon (which comprises Afa, Oge, Aje, Udo, Oyin, Igashi and Uro) has twenty-two. This difference in the number of consonant phonemes coupled with different phonological processes, such as nasalisation, palatalisation, spirantisation, simplification of complex segments, vowel raising, changes in tonal pattern, etc have resulted in phonological variation across the speech forms. This paper is not only a state of the art report on language change motivated by phonological variation, it examines how phonological variation is produced by mechanical systematic sound changes, affecting the original sounds of the language and how these sound changes affect the language of different sectors of the speech community in different ways, thus producing variation where once was homogeneity
Teachers’ and students’ attitude to the use of information communication technology in english language instruction in senior secondary schools in Abeokuta metropolis
(The Department of Teacher Education University of Ibadan, 2013) Adeyinka, A. A.
"The integration of ICT into education is desirable but it has not been fully exploited in the teaching and learning of English language in many secondary' schools in Nigeria. This may not be unconnected with their attitude towards this modern innovation. Against this background, this study aimed at investigating the attitude of teachers and students to the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning English at die Senior Secondary School level in Abeokuta. This study adopted a descriptive research design method while simple random sampling technique was used to select 22 out of 74 senior secondary schools in die area. A total of 45 teachers and 296 students were sampled and data were obtained through two distinct instruments designed for the purpose. The reliability co-efficient of the instruments were .75 and .69 respectively. Descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages were used to analyze the data. the results revealed that teachers have positive attitude to die use of ICT in teaching while students believed it should be for only those in the sciences. Also, it revealed that the commonest ICT facilities being used by the respondents were computer and mobile phones while teachers believed that ICT could be used to teach all aspects of English. On the basis of this, it was recommended that the use of ICT should be encouraged in teaching English in schools. "
Yoruba movies and the problem of subtitling
(International Organization of Scientific Research, 2013) Fadoro, J. O.
Yoruba movies producers seem to have devoted much attention to the visual quality and the thematic thrust of their works to the detriment of some seemingly unimportant aspect of their products. One of these neglected or underestimated aspects is the issue of subtitles, the written translations of the dialogues in English Language. This paper selects seven Yoruba movies for a detailed evaluation. Errors in concord, spelling, tense, aspect and wrong selection of words are very rampant in these movies such that one wonders why such neglect and carelessness should be allowed in such movies that are very rich in thematic thrusts and excellent in visual quality. These errors are not only highlighted, they are discussed, analysed and attempts have been made to propose what should have been the correct versions of the wrong translations that are pointed out. This paper throws a big challenge to films producers to pay attention to this important issue and allow specialists in different areas so that their products will not be lacking in quality
"Creative and effective teaching of Yoruba. "
(Royal People (Nigeria) Ltd, 2013) Adeyinka, A. A.
The Nigerian language policy: theory or practice?
(The Linguistic Association of Nigeria, 2013) Fadoro, J. O.
The language provision in the National Policy of Education (l977) prescribes among others that 'in the interest of national unity, each child should be encouraged to learn one of the three major languages' (i.e. Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba), Scholars have frowned at the language used in couching the recommendations. For instance, Bamgbose (2000b) opines that some 'escape-clauses' were woven into the recommendations, such that stakeholders in education can violate them with impunity. This study was carried out to find out whether the three major languages are being taught in secondary schools as subtly prescribed by the language policy. In the course of the study, thirty-five schools spread across three states - Oyo, Ogun, and Lagos - were sampled. Information gathered show that Yoruba is taught in all the schools, whereas Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba are taught only in four of them, while Igbo is taught in seven of them. From this, we deduced that only four schools teach the three major languages. Three of them are located in Lagos State while one is located in Oyo State. None of the schools visited in Ogun State teaches the three major languages
Do you call these speech errors or language disorder?
(2013) Fadoro, J. O.
It is often assumed that the apparent errors children make in terms o f omissions or substitutions in an attempt to produce adult speech are generalised. Some even confuse them with speech disorders or errors. However, it has been proved that children are systematic in their production and they follow specific principles and patterns in the process of language acquisition. Literature showed that these processes are not only universal, but hierarchically ordered. Data for this study were obtained from the author's children at different ages, ranging from 1 to 2'A years, and have been used to teach Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning- a final year course in the Department o f Linguistics and African Languages, University o f Ibadan (LIN 472) since 2006/2007 session with positive results. This paper further discussed 11 phonological processes which are involved in the development o f linguistic skills and disagreed with the general assumption and misconception about apparent speech problems in children
Code alternation in pre service teachers’ verbal communication in Oyo and Ogun states: reasons and implications
(The Department of Teacher Education University of Ibadan, 2013) Adeyinka, A. A.; Awolere, O. O.
Code alternation has become a common feature of oral conversation among bilinguals. However, scholars do not agree on the reasons for this. While some see it as a sign of linguistic deficiency, some see it as a welcome development and a normal feature of bilinguals. Several studies have been carried out on incidence of code alternation both locally and internationally. But very few of such studies examined reasons and implications for code alternation among Yoruba/English bilingual students. This study examines the variables that may influence bilingual —pre-service teachers in colleges of education to alternate codes in their verbal communication. Descriptive survey design was adopted in the study and all pre-service teachers at Emmanuel Alcyande College of Education, Oyo, Oyo state and Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Ogun State constituted the population. Four hundred students were randomly selected for this study while a self constructed questionnaire titled “Code Alternation in Pre-service Teacher Communication; Reasons and Implications” which had a reliability coefficient index of 0.68 was used to elicit responses from the subjects. Chi square was used to analyse the data generated in the study. Findings revealed that participants' roles and relationship have significant influence on code alternation. Also, there is significant influence of situational factors on code alternation among the pre-service teachers in colleges of education. Based on the findings of the study, appropriate recommendations were made.