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Author: search.filters.author.Adesokan,H.KSubject: search.filters.subject.Nigeria

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    Porcine Cysticercosis In Slaughtered Pigs And Factors Related To Taenia Solium Transmission Amongst Abattoir Workers In Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2019) Adesokan,H.K; Adeoye,F.A
    Introduction: porcine cysticercosis is under-reported particularly in Nigeria, despite the reportedly high prevalence of epilepsy and associated life-threatening health implications. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis and factors related to Taenia solium transmission to humans. Methods: slaughtered pigs at a major abattoir, south-western Nigeria were randomly inspected and questionnaire was administered to pig workers/consumers while the data were analysed using Stata 12.0. Results: a 4.4% (11/250) prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was obtained; the age, breed, sex and body conditions of pigs were not significant for infection (p < 0.05). Further, none (0.0%) of the respondents knew that T. solium could cause epilepsy in man and 39.5% often defaecated on neighbouring open fields and farmlands. Respondents purchasing pork from home slaughter were about four and ten times less likely to demonstrate good knowledge (OR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08-0.74) and practice (OR = 0.10; 95% CI: 0.05-0.22) than those purchasing from abattoir. Moreover, those lacking toilet facility were about four and five times less likely to demonstrate good knowledge (OR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.07-0.86) and practice (OR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.08-0.45) than those who had it. Other factors associated with practices related to T. solium transmission included age (p = 0.000), sex (p = 0.000) and duration (p = 0.003). Conclusion: the increased odds of poor knowledge and practices related to Taenia solium transmission especially among respondents purchasing home slaughter pork and lacking toilet facility provides insights into the parasite epidemiology. Above findings are important in lowering the infection prevalence in pigs and humans in this endemic area.
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    Prevalence of previously undetected tuberculosis and underlying risk factors for transmission in a prison setting in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria
    (2014) Adesokan,H.K; Cadmus,E.O; Adeyemi,W.B; Lawal,O; Ogunlade,C.O; Osman,E; Olaleye,O.D; Cadmus,S.I.B
    People with congregational tendencies such as the prison inmates constitute an important target group in the global efforts towards the control of tuberculosis (TB). The prison setting in most developing countries particularly Nigeria, currently does not have routine diagnostic procedures for TB despite the existing risks that could facilitate disease transmission. We conducted a cross sectional study among the inmates in a major prison in south-western Nigeria for TB by screening their sputum samples using a simple random sampling method coupled with questionnaire interview, on the assumption of sub-clinical pulmonary TB infection. The overall TB prevalence found was 1.2% (2/164). Significant risk factors that could facilitate disease transmission in the prison included lack of BCG immunization (p = 0.017); history of contact with TB patients (p = 0.020); prolonged cough (p = 0.016) and drug abuse (p = 0.019). Our findings of 1.2% undetected pulmonary TB infection among the inmates though low; still reiterate previous observation that the prison setting constitutes a veritable environment for TB transmission and a threat to public health. Efforts are therefore needed to institute routine screening and reduce the risk factors associated with TB transmission among prison inmates in Nigeria.
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    Mycobacterium bovis infection in livestock workers in Ibadan, Nigeria: evidence of occupational exposure
    (2012) Adesokan,H.K; Jenkins,A.O; Soolingen,D.V; Cadmus,S.I.B
    bovine tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in the cattle population in nigeria. Livestock workers are at risk of mycobacterium bovis infection and unaware of their health status. Objective: to determine the occurrence of pulmonary M. bovis infection among livestock workers. design: a cross-sectional study of livestock traders was conducted for TB through screening of sputum samples using a simple random sampling method coupled with oral interview on the assumption of sub-clinical pulmonary TB infection. specimens were cultured, and the isolates analysed using molecular typing techniques. results: overall, 10% (7/70) of the livestock traders had a positive culture indicative of M. bovis (n = 2) and M. tuberculosis (n = 5) using deletion typing. further spoligotyping analyses of the M. tuberculosis isolates classified the strains as SB1432 and SB09444 and LAM-10 and T1 using respectively www.mbovis.org and spotclust databases. prolonged cough and >3years in the livestock trade were risk factors for infection. conclusion: we confirm that there is undetected pulmonary M. bovis infection among livestock traders in nigeria. further studies on the role of occupationally exposed workers in the transmission of M. bovis infection to the community are required.
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    Seroprevalence of Brucella abortus and B. canis in household dogs in southwestern
    (2011) Cadmus,S.I.B; Adesokan,H.K; Ajala,H.O; Odetokun,W.O; Perrett,L.L; Stack,J.A
    A preliminary serological study of 366 household dogs in Lagos and Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria, was carried out to determine antibodies due to exposure to Brucella abortus and B. canis, using the rose bengal test (RBT) and the rapid slide agglutination (RSA) test, respectively. Results showed that 5.46 % (20/366) and 0.27 % (1/366) of the dogs screened were seropositive to B. abortus and B. canis, respectively.Of all dogs, 36 had a history of being fed foetuses from cows and 11 (30.6 %) of these tested positive in the RBT. Our findings, although based on a limited sample size and a dearth of clinical details, revealed that dogs in Nigeria may be infected with Brucella spp. given the wide range of risk factors. Further studies are recommended to elucidate the epidemiology of brucellosis in dogs and its possible zoonotic consequences in the country.
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    Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in trade cattle slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria, from 2004–2006.
    (2010) Cadmus, S.I.B; Adesokan,H.K; stack, J.A; Adedokun, B.O
    A seroprevalence study was carried out among trade cattle slaughtered at Bodija Municipal Abattoir, Ibadan (southwestern Nigeria) over a period of 3 consecutive years from 2004 to 2006 with a view to determining the breed, sex and age distribution in the seropositivity of bovine brucellosis. In total, 1642 animals were examined for antibodies to Brucella abortus using the Rose Bengal test. Seroprevalences of 6.00 %, 6.17 % and 5.31 % were obtained in the years 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively but a decrease in 2006 shows no significantdifference (P>0.05). The role of the breed (P>0.05), sex (P>0.05) and age (P>0.05) in the occurrence of the infection was not statistically significant at 5 %, although higher rates were obtained for females and older animals. The trend in the disease over the 3-year period showed that it is endemic in trade cattle slaughtered in Ibadan and the public health implications of this are discussed.
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    Public Health Issues And Observations Made During Meat Inspection At Bodija Municipal Abbatoir, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
    (2008) Cadmus, S.I.B; Adesokan,H.K; Adepoju,A.F; Awosanya,A.E.J
    the provision of wholesome meat for the public remains the pre-occupation of the veterinary public health practitioners through systematic examinations of food animals such as cattle,goats, sheep and pigs, before and after slaughter with a view to ascertaining whether they are infected by certain scheduled or zoonotic diseases (thorton,1968). therfore,the aim of meat inspection is to provide safe and wholesome meat for human consumption (herenda et al, 1994). several reports have been made on the prevalence rates of diseases of public health importance in Nigeria (babalola and Van Veen, 1976; Antia and Alonge, 1981;Nwosu,1987) and the abbatoirs in the country have continued to experience infrastructural decay and low quality staff leading to general breakdown in the thoroughness of meat inspection. cleaning and sanitation are always considered as important and integral part of the measures necessary to avaoid th transmission of zoonotic diseases (Alonge,2001). in most communities, meat has long occupied a special place in the diet, for a variety of reasons including taste preference, prestige,tradition and availability,with the nutritional aspects being included more recently 9Rogowski,1980). this study was therefore undertaken to assess the public health issues related to meat inspection and observed practices involved in meat processing at the Bodija Municipal Abbatoir. This is with a view to pointing out ways of improving the activities of the meat inspectors and processors in order to provide safe and whollesome meat for the public.