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Item Serological investigation of bovine brucellosis in three cattle production systems in Yewa Division, South-Western Nigeria(2013) CADMUS, S.I.B.; ADESOKAN, H.K; stack, J; Alabi, P.I; Dale,E.JLimited data are available on the risk factors responsible for the occurrence of brucellosis amongst different cattle production systems in Nigeria despite its significant impact on livestock production. Consequently, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in three cattle production systems in Yewa Division of Ogun State, south-western Nigeria. A total of 279 blood samples (sedentary = 88; transhumance = 64; trade = 127) were examined for antibodies to Brucella sp. using the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Overall, 24 (8.6%) and 16 (5.7%) of the animals tested seropositive for Brucella using RBT and cELISA, respectively. The herd seroprevalences based on RBT and cELISA were 31.6% and 15.8%, respectively. The results using cELISA reveal higher seroprevalence in the trade cattle (7.9%; confidence intervals [CI] = 3.2% – 12.6%) and those in a sedentary system (5.7%; CI = 0.9% – 10.5%) than in cattle kept under a transhumant management system (1.6%; CI = 1.5% – 4.7%). Age (> 3 years; p = 0.043) and breed (Djali; p = 0.038) were statistically significant for seropositivity to brucellosis based on cELISA, but sex (female, p = 0.234), production system (trade and sedentary; p = 0.208) or herd size (> 120; p = 0.359) was not. Since breeding stock is mostly sourced from trade and sedentary cattle, it is important that routine serological screening should be conducted before introducing any animal into an existing herd.Item Bovine fetal wastage in Southwestern Nigeria: a survey of some abattoirs.(2009) CADMUS, S.I.B.; ADESOKAN, H.KAs a result of inadequate veterinary services and indiscriminate slaughter of animals inmost Nigerian abattoirs, pregnant animals are often slaughtered resulting in wastage of scarce protein made available to the people. To this end, an evaluation of the volume of pregnant cows slaughtered at some abattoirs in Southwestern Nigeria between 2005 and 2007 based on meat inspection records was carried out with a view to determining the level of fetal wastage in this part of the country. A total of 321,448 cows were slaughtered, out of which, 16,092 (5.01%) were pregnant. The fetal wastages across the four seasons of the study period were statistically significant (P<0.05); the late dry season showing the highest percentage. There was a downward trend across the years, and this was considerably lower in 2007 than the other 2 years which were not statistically different from each other (XA2005=224.33; XA2006=216.38; XB2007=126.38). Our results indicated a considerable level of slaughtering of pregnant cows in the abattoirs studied. Hence, we advocate stepping up routine veterinary checks and interventions among trade animals in order to salvage the high level of fetal wastage in the region and the country at large.Item Causes and implications of bovine organs/offal condemnations in some abattoirs in Western Nigeria.(2009) CADMUS, S.I.B.; ADESOKAN, H.KFood animals though sources of protein and revenue to man, also serve as vehicles of disease transmission. This work reviews a three year record of slaughtered cattle in 12 abattoirs/slaughter slabs in western Nigeria to determine the economic and public health issues associated with their disease conditions. Out of 641,224 cattle slaughtered, 51,196 (7.98%) were attributable to 14 diseases/conditions including tuberculosis, pneumonia, fascioliasis, pimply gut, paramphistomosis, cysticercosis, dermatophilosis, tonsillitis, taeniasis, ascariosis, abscess, mange, mastitis and immature fetuses. Pneumonia (21.38%), fascioliasis (20.28%) and tuberculosis (7.95%) were major reasons for condemnations; least being ascariosis (0.01%). The lungs (45.66%) and liver (32.94%) accounted for most organ condemned while the heart (0.02%) was the least affected. The proportions of pneumonia, fascioliasis and immature fetuses observed were not statistically different (Mean = 3895.7; 3654.0; 3467.3); however, asignificant difference existed with other conditions (MeanA = 3895.7; 3654.0; 3467.3; MeanB = 1359.7; 1057.7; 510.3). Organs/offal condemnations constituted loss of revenue and animal protein as 124,333 kilo kilogrammes worth of meat valued in Naira at N41,613,043 ($332,904) was lost over the period giving an average of N13,871,014 ($110,968) annually. This, coupledwith fetal wastage represented an economic loss; with associated public health implications.Item Phenotypic Characterization And Spoligotype Profiles Of Mycobacterium Bovisisolated From Unpasteurized Cows’ Milk In Ibadan, Nigeria.(2007) CADMUS, S.I.B.; ADESOKAN, H.K.A pilot study was carried out to screen for the presence of Mycobactcria in unpasteurized milk from cows mcant for sale at the cattle market in the mclropolitan city of Ibadan. South-western Nigeria. Fifty three milk samplcs were cultured using 7H11 -Middlebrook media while nitrate and niaein biochemical tests were carried out initially to classify the isolated Mycobacteria specics and the results were later' confirmed by spoligotyping. In all, Mycobacterium bovis were isolated from 6 (11.3%) milk samples. The detected spoligotypes obtained were NI, N6, N9, NI6. and N28 (two isolates). After comparison with the "Mycobacterium bovis Spoligotype Database” (www.mbovis.org), spoligotypes NI. N6, and N16 were found to have been already documented (N1=SB0944; N6=SBI027: NI6=SB0951). while N9 and N28 were relative!)' new strains and undocumented. The public health implication of these findings is that humans are at great risk of exposure to infection with M. bovis through the consumption of unpasteurized milk from cattle through the food chain.