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    Prevalence and predictors of risk factors for Brucellosis.
    (2016) ADESOKAN,H.K; OGUNDIPE,M.A; ALABI,P.I
    Introduction. Brucellosis is endemic in Nigeria and risk factors enhancing its transmission are prevalent. Methods. Following serological evidence of brucellosis and isolation of B. abortus from slaughtered cattle in Ibadan, Nigeria, we administered a semi-structured questionnaire to determine the prevalence and predictors of eating and selling bovine gravid uterus among 350 meat handlers from five major meat processing facilities. We conducted key informant interview for five leading traditional healers to document its use. Data were analyzed using Stata 12. Results. The prevalence of eating and selling gravid uterus were 29.7% and 40.3% respectively. Being meat/offal processor (OR=1.9, 95%CI: 1.11-3.3, P = 0.008) and not knowing that eating undercooked contaminated gravid uterus could expose humans to brucellosis (OR=19.5; 95%CI: 5.73-66.03; P = 0.000) were strong predictors of eating gravid uterus. Similarly, being adult (OR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.08-2.57, P = 0.02) and inadequate knowledge of brucellosis as a preventable disease (OR = 0.03; 95%CI: 0.004-0.27, P = 0.001) predicted selling gravid uterus. Qualitative data from the traditional healers revealed using gravid uterus as special medicinal preparations to hasten parturition in overdue pregnancies, treat infertility and old age diseases in humans. Conclusions. We demonstrated a high prevalence of risk factors for brucellosis transmission, and some meat handlers’ sociodemographic characteristics and brucellosis knowledge-based markers as predictors of these factors. The traditional healers’ practices portend a challenge to the current brucellosis control strategy. These findings provide insights into designing all-inclusive health programmes aimed at controlling brucellosis spread in Nigeria and other similar settings in developing countries.
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    Sero-positivity and associated risk factors for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia under two cattle production systems in North Central Nigeria
    (Springer, 2015-11) Alhaji, N. B.; Babalobi, O. O.
    A cross-sectional survey of 765 cattle in 125 nomadic and 375 cattle in 125 sedentary herds was conducted to investigate prevalence and risk factors for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in the two production systems of Niger State in North Central Nigeria, between January and August 2013. Data on herd characteristics were collected using structured questionnaires administered on herd owners. Serological analysis was conducted using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) test. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted with OpenEpi version 2.3.1 software. Statistical significance was held at P<0.05. CBPP sero-prevalence in nomadic cattle was 16.2 % (confidence interval (CI) 13.7–19.0) and 9.6 % (CI 6.9–12.9) in sedentary cattle. The overall cattle-level seroprevalence for two the cattle production systems was 14.0 % (CI 12.1–16.1). Age and agro-ecological zones were significantly (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) associated with sero-positivity to Mmm in nomadic production. Agroecological zone C had the highest sero-prevalence (25.3 %, CI 20.2–31.0). No significant cattle factors were detected in sedentary production. Factors significantly associated with CBPP occurrence at herd-level were contacts with other herds during grazing (P<0.001) and at watering points (P<0.001). Others were introduction of new cattle into herd (P<0.001), outbreaks of CBPP in an area (P<0.001), socio-cultural factors of cattle gifts and dowry payment (P<0.001), herd composition of keeping cattle and small ruminants together (P<0.001), and long trekking during migrations (P=0.0009). This study had shown the burden of CBPP in the two production systems. Sero-diagnosis and risk factor identification should be institutionalized as elements of epidemiosurveillance and control strategies for CBPP, especially in resource-poor pastoralists’ settlements in Nigeria.