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    Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from livestock workers and implications for zooanthroponotic transmission in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria
    (2018) CADMUS,S; AKINSEYE,V; ADEGBULU,A.A; OVWIGHOSE,N; AYOOLA,M; OGUGUA,J; ADESOKAN,H; CADMUS,E
    Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa coupled with dearth of information about the disease among livestock workers at risk of infection. We determined the prevalence of pulmonary TB infection and factors associated with its occurrence among livestock workers in south-western Nigeria. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using active case-finding among livestock workers with sub-clinical pulmonary TB between August 2014 and March 2015. Sputum samples were cultured and subjected to a two-step multiplex-PCR technique based on genus-typing and genomic regions-of-difference. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was utilized in assessing worker’s TB related knowledge and practices. Data were analysed using STATA 12. Results. Overall, 206 livestock workers (traders = 136; butchers = 70) were screened; 5.1% (7/136) of the traders and 7.1% (5/70) of the butchers had positive mycobacterial cultures. Molecular techniques identified one Mycobacterium tuberculosis with six non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from the traders and four M. tuberculosis with one NTM from the butchers. Participants within the age range of 50 years and above were at higher risk of being infected with TB (OR = 7.7; 95% CI: 1.7- 35.6) and majority had poor knowledge and practices regarding TB. Conclusions. We confirmed M. tuberculosis as the cause of pulmonary TB among the livestock workers, with implications for zooanthroponotic transmission of the disease along the humananimal ecosystem interface in Nigeria.
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    Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from livestock workers and implications for zooanthroponotic transmission in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria
    (2018) CADMUS,S; AKINSEYE,V; ADEGBULU,A.A; OVWIGHOSE,N; AYOOLA,M; OGUGUA,J; ADESOKAN,H; CADMUS,E
    Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa coupled with dearth of information about the disease among livestock workers at risk of infection. We determined the prevalence of pulmonary TB infection and factors associated with its occurrence among livestock workers in south-western Nigeria. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using active case-finding among livestock workers with sub-clinical pulmonary TB between August 2014 and March 2015. Sputum samples were cultured and subjected to a two-step multiplex-PCR technique based on genus-typing and genomic regions-of-difference. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was utilized in assessing worker’s TB related knowledge and practices. Data were analysed using STATA 12. Results. Overall, 206 livestock workers (traders = 136; butchers = 70) were screened; 5.1% (7/136) of the traders and 7.1% (5/70) of the butchers had positive mycobacterial cultures. Molecular techniques identified one Mycobacterium tuberculosis with six non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from the traders and four M. tuberculosis with one NTM from the butchers. Participants within the age range of 50 years and above were at higher risk of being infected with TB (OR = 7.7; 95% CI: 1.7- 35.6) and majority had poor knowledge and practices regarding TB. Conclusions. We confirmed M. tuberculosis as the cause of pulmonary TB among the livestock workers, with implications for zooanthroponotic transmission of the disease along the humananimal ecosystem interface in Nigeria.
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    Prevalence of previously undetected tuberculosis and underlying risk factors for transmission in a prison setting in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria
    (2014) Adesokan,H.K; Cadmus,E.O; Adeyemi,W.B; Lawal,O; Ogunlade,C.O; Osman,E; Olaleye,O.D; Cadmus,S.I.B
    People with congregational tendencies such as the prison inmates constitute an important target group in the global efforts towards the control of tuberculosis (TB). The prison setting in most developing countries particularly Nigeria, currently does not have routine diagnostic procedures for TB despite the existing risks that could facilitate disease transmission. We conducted a cross sectional study among the inmates in a major prison in south-western Nigeria for TB by screening their sputum samples using a simple random sampling method coupled with questionnaire interview, on the assumption of sub-clinical pulmonary TB infection. The overall TB prevalence found was 1.2% (2/164). Significant risk factors that could facilitate disease transmission in the prison included lack of BCG immunization (p = 0.017); history of contact with TB patients (p = 0.020); prolonged cough (p = 0.016) and drug abuse (p = 0.019). Our findings of 1.2% undetected pulmonary TB infection among the inmates though low; still reiterate previous observation that the prison setting constitutes a veritable environment for TB transmission and a threat to public health. Efforts are therefore needed to institute routine screening and reduce the risk factors associated with TB transmission among prison inmates in Nigeria.
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    Mycobacterium bovis infection in livestock workers in Ibadan, Nigeria: evidence of occupational exposure
    (2012) Adesokan,H.K; Jenkins,A.O; Soolingen,D.V; Cadmus,S.I.B
    bovine tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in the cattle population in nigeria. Livestock workers are at risk of mycobacterium bovis infection and unaware of their health status. Objective: to determine the occurrence of pulmonary M. bovis infection among livestock workers. design: a cross-sectional study of livestock traders was conducted for TB through screening of sputum samples using a simple random sampling method coupled with oral interview on the assumption of sub-clinical pulmonary TB infection. specimens were cultured, and the isolates analysed using molecular typing techniques. results: overall, 10% (7/70) of the livestock traders had a positive culture indicative of M. bovis (n = 2) and M. tuberculosis (n = 5) using deletion typing. further spoligotyping analyses of the M. tuberculosis isolates classified the strains as SB1432 and SB09444 and LAM-10 and T1 using respectively www.mbovis.org and spotclust databases. prolonged cough and >3years in the livestock trade were risk factors for infection. conclusion: we confirm that there is undetected pulmonary M. bovis infection among livestock traders in nigeria. further studies on the role of occupationally exposed workers in the transmission of M. bovis infection to the community are required.