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    Prevalence And Economic Losses Due To Bovine Tuberculosis In Cattle Slaughtered At Bodija Municipal Abattoir, Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2019) Adelakun, O. D; Akinseye, V. O.; Adesokan, H. K; Cadmus, S. I. B.
    Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a zoonotic disease responsiblefor considerable economic losses; with consequent negative impact on both public health and the livestock industry. However, the burden of this disease and associated economic losses remain un-investigated among slaughtered cattle in Ibadan, the hub of livestock activities in south-western Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted over a three-month period to determine the prevalence and economic losses due to BTB among slaughtered cattle at the Bodija Municipal Abattoir, Ibadan, in south-western Nigeria. Individual slaughtered cattle were purposively inspected for the presence of tuberculous lesions, and representative sample of affected organs and associated lymph nodes from the BTB suspected animals were taken. The suspected lesions were processed based on Becton Dickinson digestion and decontamination procedure and the losses due to BTB were estimated mathematically, using a formula. The BTB prevalence of 9.3 % (38/408) was obtained with a significant statistical association (P ≤ 0.05) of the disease with the breeds of cattle slaughtered. Out of the 46 visceral organs condemned: 29 (63 %) were lungs, 12 (26.1 %) livers, 4 (8.7 %) hearts and 1 (2.2 %) kidney. The total estimated annual economic loss (direct and indirect) due to BTB was estimated as Nigerian naria NGN 703,980,070 (EUR 1,725,441.4). This study revealed BTB as endemic and a major cause of concern considering its ill-health and economic effects on both humans and the livestock industry. Efforts are therefore required: to control this disease along the beef value chain in order to safeguard human and livestock health; as well as to limit the economic losses associated with its prevalence.
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    Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from livestock workers and implications for zooanthroponotic transmission in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria
    (2018) CADMUS,S; AKINSEYE,V; ADEGBULU,A.A; OVWIGHOSE,N; AYOOLA,M; OGUGUA,J; ADESOKAN,H; CADMUS,E
    Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa coupled with dearth of information about the disease among livestock workers at risk of infection. We determined the prevalence of pulmonary TB infection and factors associated with its occurrence among livestock workers in south-western Nigeria. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using active case-finding among livestock workers with sub-clinical pulmonary TB between August 2014 and March 2015. Sputum samples were cultured and subjected to a two-step multiplex-PCR technique based on genus-typing and genomic regions-of-difference. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was utilized in assessing worker’s TB related knowledge and practices. Data were analysed using STATA 12. Results. Overall, 206 livestock workers (traders = 136; butchers = 70) were screened; 5.1% (7/136) of the traders and 7.1% (5/70) of the butchers had positive mycobacterial cultures. Molecular techniques identified one Mycobacterium tuberculosis with six non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from the traders and four M. tuberculosis with one NTM from the butchers. Participants within the age range of 50 years and above were at higher risk of being infected with TB (OR = 7.7; 95% CI: 1.7- 35.6) and majority had poor knowledge and practices regarding TB. Conclusions. We confirmed M. tuberculosis as the cause of pulmonary TB among the livestock workers, with implications for zooanthroponotic transmission of the disease along the humananimal ecosystem interface in Nigeria.
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    Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from livestock workers and implications for zooanthroponotic transmission in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria
    (2018) CADMUS,S; AKINSEYE,V; ADEGBULU,A.A; OVWIGHOSE,N; AYOOLA,M; OGUGUA,J; ADESOKAN,H; CADMUS,E
    Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa coupled with dearth of information about the disease among livestock workers at risk of infection. We determined the prevalence of pulmonary TB infection and factors associated with its occurrence among livestock workers in south-western Nigeria. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using active case-finding among livestock workers with sub-clinical pulmonary TB between August 2014 and March 2015. Sputum samples were cultured and subjected to a two-step multiplex-PCR technique based on genus-typing and genomic regions-of-difference. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was utilized in assessing worker’s TB related knowledge and practices. Data were analysed using STATA 12. Results. Overall, 206 livestock workers (traders = 136; butchers = 70) were screened; 5.1% (7/136) of the traders and 7.1% (5/70) of the butchers had positive mycobacterial cultures. Molecular techniques identified one Mycobacterium tuberculosis with six non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from the traders and four M. tuberculosis with one NTM from the butchers. Participants within the age range of 50 years and above were at higher risk of being infected with TB (OR = 7.7; 95% CI: 1.7- 35.6) and majority had poor knowledge and practices regarding TB. Conclusions. We confirmed M. tuberculosis as the cause of pulmonary TB among the livestock workers, with implications for zooanthroponotic transmission of the disease along the humananimal ecosystem interface in Nigeria.
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    Reverse zoonotic tuberculosis transmission from an emerging Uganda I strain between pastoralists and cattle in South-Eastern Nigeria.
    (2019) Adesokan,H.K; Akinseye, V.O; Streicher,E.M||; Helden,P.V; Warren,R.M; Cadmus,S.I
    Tuberculosis remains a major public health challenge globally with increasing risks for inter-transmission between pastoralists and cattle in Nigeria. This study was aimed at using molecular tools to establish zoonotic transmission of tuberculosis between pastoralists and their cattle in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Sputum (n = 149) and milk (n = 144) samples from pastoralists and cattle, respectively were screened on the assumption of subclinical infections considering unguarded human-livestock interactions. Isolates obtained were analysed using deletion typing, spoligotyping and 24-Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR). Results: Fifty-four MTC were confirmed by deletion typing and were differentiated accordingly (M. tuberculosis: pastoralists =42, cattle = 2; M. bovis: pastoralists =1; M. africanum: pastoralists =9). Spoligotyping indicated 59.2% Uganda I/SIT46 (pastoralists =28; cattle = 1), 16.3% Latin American Mediterranean/SIT61 (pastoralists =8), 2.0% T/SIT53 (pastoralists =1) strains of M. tuberculosis and new strains of M. bovis and M. africanum. The 24-MIRU-VNTR of selected predominant cluster isolates shared by cattle and pastoralists (Uganda I/SIT46: pastoralists =9; cattle = 1) showed the same number of copies at each of the repetitive loci. Conclusions: Mycobacterium bovis was confirmed in humans and a reverse zoonotic tuberculosis transmission from an emerging Uganda I M. tuberculosis strain between pastoralists and cattle in Nigeria evidenced by MIRU-VNTR. Using molecular tools will help mitigate disease.
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    Meat Inspection And Cultural Isolation Of mycobacteriaas predictors Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Ibadan
    (2007) Cadmus, S.I.B; Alonge, D.O.; Adesokan, H.K.
    ln order to asccnain the elTectiveness of meat inspection as against the conventional culture method in the confirmation of tubercuiosis in caltle slaughtered at Bodija abattoir. Ibadan; a study to assess these two methods in their abilitv to diagnose bovine tubercuiosis was carried out. In all. 290 cattle were inspected at the abattoir out of vvhich 182 had miliary nodules and granulomatous tubercles in the different organs and their associated lymph nodes vvhich are suggestive of tubercuiosis. One hundred and fifty-nine (54.8%) animals were confirmed to have tubercuiosis based on the mycobacterial culture. The sensitivity and speciftcity results of the postmortem examination vis-a vis the culture were 100% and 82.4% respectively; vvhile the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were 87.4% and 100% respectively. This study therefore confirms that vvith proper meat inspection. a large proporlion of tuberculous cattle can be identified at postmortem. Hence. more emphasis should be directed at the improvement of meat inspection Services in Nigeria since there are no availabTe laboratory facilities for the diagnosis of bovine tubercuiosis in the abattoirs.