Veterinary Medicine

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Antimicrobial resistance among commensal Escherichia coli from cattle faeces and beef in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2012) Amosun, E. A.; Ojo, O. E.; Alao, I. K.; Ajuwape, A. T. P.
Commensal bacteria contribute to the distribution and persistence of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. This study monitored antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from the faeces of on-farm and slaughter cattle and beef. A total of 342 (89.5%) E. coli isolates were obtained from 382 samples. Isolation rate of E. coli was 90.0% in on-farm cattle, 87.1% in slaughter cattle and 92.2% in beef. Overall, the isolates showed resistance to amoxicillin (97.9%), ampicillin (97.9%), cefuroxime (25.1%), chloramphenicol (69.3%), ciprofloxacin (11.7%), cotrimazole (45.9%), erythromycin (59.4%), gentamycin (36.5%), nalidixic acid (27.2%), nitrofuratoin (54.9%), norfloxacin (21.1%), ofloxacin (14.0%), streptomycin (78.9%) and tetracycline (33.9%). There were no significant differences in antimicrobial resistance of E. coli from the different sample types. Only four (1.2%) of the 342 isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents, while 338 (98.8%) were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobial agents. Multi-drug resistance to three or more antimicrobials was observed in 321 (93.9%) of all the isolates. Forty-one resistance groups were observed in on-farm cattle, 30 in slaughter cattle and 34 in beef. All the 30 resistance groups found in slaughter cattle were also present in on-farm cattle and beef. ‘AmoAmpChlEryNitStr’ and ‘AmoAmpChlStr’ were the predominant resistant patterns. This study confirmed on-farm and slaughter cattle as important sources of antimicrobial resistant E. coli transmissible to humans through beef.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from the Milk of Dairy Cows in Three Nigerian Cities
(Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association, 2012) Amosun, E. A.; Olatoye, O. I.; Adetosoye, A. I.
This study determined the safety of milk from dairy herds obtained by hand milking method from two major cattle producing States of Nigeria by investigating the presence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Forty seven milk samples from Kwara and 63 from Kaduna States were obtained from selected indigenous breeds of dairy cow. Bacteriological analysis by culturing on MacConkey agar (MAC) and subcultured on Sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC) were done. Escherichia coli 0157.H7 were confirmed serologically using latex agglutination kits (OxoidR UK). The isolates were tested for susceptibility to five commonly used antimicrobial agents and plasmid transfer was also carried out using E. coli K12 356 recipient. Out of the 61 non-Sorbitol fermenting (NSF) E. coli isolated from the samples 33(30.0%) were confirmed as E .coli 0157.H7 serotype. Antibiotic Susceptibility profile showed that all the isolates were resistant to one or multiple antibiotics, resulting in six different resistance patterns. Sulphadimidine resistance was the highest with all the isolates (100%) exhibited resistance to this drug while streptomycin had the highest sensitivity. Out of the seventeen E.coli 0157.H7 isolates tested for plasmid transfer, eleven (64.7%) transferred their resistance to the sensitive E. coli K12 356 enblock, while the remaining six showed segregation. The preponderance of E. coli O157 in this study indicated that greater proportion of milk being produced for human consumption in Nigeria were not wholesome and could posed threat of transmission of zoonotic pathogens. The high proportion of multidrug resistance exhibited by the isolates and the plasmid transfer is of public health significance as they could confer resistance on both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial population in the consumers. More so, the milk which were obtained traditional unhygienic hand milking are either consumed raw or improperly pasteurized. Hygienic milking, pasteurization and judicious use of antibiotics after properly diagnosis and sensitivity test against newer antibiotics are recommended.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from the Milk of Dairy Cows in Three Nigerian Cities
(Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association, 2012) Amosun, E. A.; Olatoye, O. I.; Adetosoye, A. I
Bovine mastitis is usually associated with bacterial pathogens isolated from the milk or mammary glands of dairy cows. A total of 205 isolates comprising of 110 (53.66%) Escherichia coli, 67 (32.68%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 28 (13.66%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from cases of bovine mastitis from southwest and Northern Nigeria during a period of one year were tested for susceptibility to ampicillin, tetracycline, neomycin, streptomycin, sulphadimidine and nalidixic acid using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The results demonstrated wide variation of in the susceptibility patterns for the various organisms from different regions of Nigeria. The three organisms displayed highest resistance to sulphadimidine 200 (97.5%) followed by ampicillin 153 (74.63%), tetracycline 103 (50.24%), neomycin 90 (43.90%), streptomycin 68 (33.17%) and nalidixic acid 29 (14.15%) respectively. The resistance patterns of the strains revealed 27 distinct resistance groups. In conclusion these data confirmed that majority of the Gram negative organisms that are causative agents of mastitis in Nigeria were resistant to several antibiotics. This could be a result of indiscriminate use of drugs by dairy farmers for treatment of mastitis in their herds.
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Streptococci and Staphylococci isolated from cases of bovine clinical mastitis in Nigeria
(Marsland Press, USA, 2012) Amosun, E. A.
Streptococci and staphylococci are frequently isolated from bovine mastitis in dairy cows. Limited information is available on the antimicrobial susceptibility of these organisms in Nigeria. A total of 130 Streptococci and 177 Staphylococci isolated from cases of bovine mastitis from three states in Nigeria namely; Oyo, Kwara and Kaduna states for a period of one year were used in this study. Overall, 55.38% of the strains tested were Streptococcus uberis, 24.62% were Streptococcus agalactiae, 12.31% were Streptococcus dysgalactiae, 3.85% were Streptococcus zooepidemicus, 2.31% were Streptococcus bovis and 1.54% were for Streptococcus equines, 25 coagulase negative staphylococcus and 152 Staphylococci aureus. The antimicrobial susceptibility for these organisms was determined for the following antimicrobial agents: Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Sulphadimidine, Nalidixic acid, Neomycin and Streptomycin. Results demonstrated substantial differences in their resistance patterns for the various organisms. The resistance patterns revealed 10 distinct resistance groups. All the streptococci isolate showed resistance to Ampicillin and tetracycline while 98.46%, 86.15%, 48.46%, 24.62%, and of the Streptoccoci species were resistance to sulphadimidine, Neomycin, Streptomycin and Nalidixic acid respectively while Staphyloccocus aureus had 100% for tetracyclin and sulphadimidine respectively while 97.37%, 88.16%, 69.08% and 67.11% showed resistance to ampicillin, neomycin, nalidixic acid and streptomycin respectively. However, Staphylococcus coagulase negative showed 100% resistance to tetracycline and sulphadimidine while 72%, 68%, 68%, and 32% showed resistance to nalidixic acid, neomycin, ampicillin and streptomycin respectively. The result of this study revealed that dairy farmers misused these antibiotics by treating cows several times per case. This study point to the fact that dairy farmers should take caution in the use of antibiotics for the dairy cows on the farms
Bacteriological investigation of bovine clinical mastitis in two selected farms in Ibadan, Oyo State of Nigeria
(College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines, 2005) Amosun, E. A.; Ajuwape, A. T. P.; Adetosoye, A. I.
Bacteriological examination was performed on 60 and 40 milk samples of clinical mastitic udders from Akinyele and Iyana Offa farms, Ibadan, respectively. A total of 251 bacterial isolates belonging to 5 bacteriological genera were recovered from the milk of the mastitic cows examined. Approximately 70% and 76% of the Staphylococci isolated from the milk of mastitic cows in Akinyele and Iyana Offa farms, respectively, were coagulase positive. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen in this study with an incidence of 39.0% while the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species had an incidence of 3.6%. Other bacteria isolated include Streptococcus agalactiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, each with an incidence of 7.6%, while Streptococcus uberis showed an incidence of 18.7% . Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed an incidence of 11.2% and 12.4%, respectively. The bacteria encountered in this investigation are among the pathogens that have been incriminated as contaminants of fresh milk meant for human consumption and are therefore of public health importance.
Biochemical and serological characterization of Mycoplasma from bovine clinical mastitis in southwest and northern Nigeria
(Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, Mycoplasma capricolum, Mycoplasma arginini, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2010) Amosun, E. A.; Ajuwape, A. T. P.; Adetosoye, A. I.
The primary objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the mycoplasma species present in clinical cases of mastitic cows in Southwest and Northern Nigeria and to determine the prevalence of mycoplasma mastitis in dairy cows. Two hundred milk samples were collected from cases of clinical mastitic cows in Ibadan,Ilorin and Kaduna. Mycoplasma was isolated from thirty-two milk samples, these milk samples were analysed bacteriologically and mycoplasmologically. The recovered pathogens were characterized biochemically using various tests. The mycoplasma species were also serologically identified by growth inhibition tests (GIT) using antisera produced in Rabbit against the mycoplasma strains. The Mycoplasma species identified from this include: 13 isolates of Mycoplasma bovis; 8 isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides sub sp. mycoides; 7 isolates of Mycoplasma capricolum and 4 isolates of Mycoplasma arginini. Other pathogens isolated include: Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonsa aeruginosa. Based on the public health and economic significance of mycoplasma spp identified in this study, couple with the fact that consumption of such unpasteurized milk is a frequent occurrence among the rural dwellers which could result in milk borne zoonoses, it is suggested that fresh milk should be properly pasteurized before consumption by humans. Key words : Bovine; Mastitis; Biochemical;Serological;Mycoplasma; Nigeria.
Biochemical characterization of staphylococci isolated from rabbits
(Israel Veterinary Medical Association, 2002) Ajuwape, A. T. P.; Aregbesola, E. A.; Ademola, E. B
Coagulase activities of rabbit strains of staphylococci were tested using sterile human, rabbit and goat plasmas. Human plasma produced the most satisfactory coagulase sensitivity while the rabbit plasma was least sensitive. Human plasma tube coagulase gave a positive reaction within one hour, whereas rabbit and goat tube coagulase tests took two hours to complete. All 108 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from clinically healthy rabbits fermented glucose, mannitol, sucrose, dulcitol and sorbitol, 98.1% fermented maltose and trehalose; 89.8% fermented lactose while only 46.3% fermented xylose. Urease activity was also high among the rabbit strains of staphylococci investigated.
Bovine Helminthosis: Blood Glucose Levels and Age Influence on Susceptibility in Some Nigerian Breeds of Cattle
(Science Domain, 2015) Olaogun, S. C.; Lasisi, O. T.
The effect of natural bovine helminthosis on blood glucose levels and the influence of age on its susceptibility were studied in four breeds of cattle in Ibadan Nigeria, using abattoir samples. One hundred and twenty cattle (28 males and 92 females) comprising Sokoto Gudali (51),White Fulani (30), Red Bororo (24) and Kuri (15) breeds of cattle which were all above 2.5 years old were used for this study. The blood glucose levels of all the cattle were determined by spectrophotometric method using Randox kitR (Randox LaboratoriesLimited, United Kingdom) while the corresponding fecal samples were examined for the helminth burden using the modified McMaster technique. The age of each cattle was estimated using a standard dentitition technique. The data obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Correlation analysis. Significance was determined at p< 0.05. Sokoto Gudali breed was the least susceptible (21.56%) to natural helminthosis while Kuri breed was the most susceptible (26.67%). Cattle in age range of 2.5-3years were the most susceptible to natural helminthosis across all the breeds, while cattle older than 3 years were less susceptible. Blood glucose had positive correlation with age (r = 0.24) and negative correlation with helminth burden (r = -0.14). Hypoglycemia was prominent in all the cattle with heavy helminth burdens. Female cattle showed a significantly higher susceptibility to natural helminthosis than males. This study identifies natural helminthosis as a predisposing factor to hypoglycemia in Nigerian breeds of cattle which is observed to be more severe in younger cattle.
Bovine streptococcal mastitis in Southwest and Northern States of Nigeria.
(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2010) Amosun, E. A.; Ajuwape, A. T. P.; Adetosoye, A. I.
An investigation was carried out to identify the streptococci species isolated from clinical cases of bovine mastitis in Kwara, Kaduna and Oyo States of Nigeria. Milk samples from 200 clinically mastitic udders were bacteriological studied. A total of 130 streptococci isolate belonging to six species of streptococci, namely S. uberis, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. epidemicus, S. bovis, S. equinus were recovered from the milk examined. Streptococcus uberis was the most frequently encountered species with an incidence of (55.4%) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (24.6%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (12.3%) Streptococcus zoopidemicus (3.9%) Streptococcus bovis (2.3%) and Streptococcus equinus (1.5%). These species of streptococcus are of great public importance.
Escherichia coli from Nigeria exhibit a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance where reliance on antibiotics in poultry production is a potential contributing factor
(Academic Journals, 2013) Nsofor, C. A.; Olatoye, I. O.; Amosun, E. A.; Iroegbu, C. U.; Davis, M. A.; Orfe, L. H.; Cali, D. R.
To assess thè prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Nigeria, single Escherichia coli isolates were collected from a geographically diverse panel of fecal samples collected from human clinical and non- clinical donors (n=77), livestock (cattle, swine, and goats) and chickens (n=71 total). There was no difference in thè proportion of isolates resistant to >1 antibiotics from human clinical and non-clinical samples, but overall, this was significantly higher for human (85.7%) compared to animai (53.5%) isolates (P<0.0001). The average number of resistance phenotypes per isolate was significantly higher for human (5.0), goat (4.0), and poultry (3.4) compared with cattle (2.4) and swine (2.0) (P<0.05). There were 25 different resistance phenotypes with more diversity from animai compared with human isolates. A survey of management practices at 30 poultry farms in thè vicinity of Ibadan found that all respondents self-milled feed and most (87.7%) routinely added antibiotics to feed. Tetracyclines were thè dominant antibiotics of choice followed by tylosin and gentamicin and some use of chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. If this pattern of antibiotic resistance and use is repeated across thè different sectors of food-animal production and in multiple developing countries, then trade and travel are likely to disseminate resistance traits to other countries potentially negating locai policies that are designed to limit selection for antibiotic resistant bacteria
Isolation and antibiotics susceptibility patterns of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 from selected dairy herds in Nigeria
(African Union, InterAfrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR), 2012) Amosun, E. A.; Olatoye, I. O.; Adetosoye, I. A.
This study determined the safety of milk from dairy herds obtained by hand milking method from two major cattle producing States of Nigeria by investigating the presence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Forty seven milk samples from Kwara and 63 from Kaduna States were obtained from selected indigenous breeds of dairy cow. Bacteriological analysis by culturing on MacConkey agar (MAC) and subcultured on Sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC) were done. Escherichia coli 0157.H7 were confirmed serologically using latex agglutination kits (OxoidR UK). The isolates were tested for susceptibility to five commonly used antimicrobial agents and plasmid transfer was also carried out using E. coli K12 356 recipient. Out of the 61 non-Sorbitol fermenting (NSF) E. coli isolated from the samples 33(30.0%) were confirmed as E .coli 0157.H7 serotype. Antibiotic Susceptibility profile showed that all the isolates were resistant to one or multiple antibiotics, resulting in six different resistance patterns. Sulphadimidine resistance was the highest with all the isolates (100%) exhibited resistance to this drug while streptomycin had the highest sensitivity. Out of the seventeen E.coli 0157.H7 isolates tested for plasmid transfer, eleven (64.7%) transferred their resistance to the sensitive E. coli K12 356 enblock, while the remaining six showed segregation. The preponderance of E. coli O157 in this study indicated that greater proportion of milk being produced for human consumption in Nigeria were not wholesome and could posed threat of transmission of zoonotic pathogens. The high proportion of multidrug resistance exhibited by the isolates and the plasmid transfer is of public health significance as they could confer resistance on both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial population in the consumers. More so, the milk which were obtained traditional unhygienic hand milking are either consumed raw or improperly pasteurized. Hygienic milking, pasteurization and judicious use of antibiotics after properly diagnosis and sensitivity test against newer antibiotics are recommended.
Livestock waste management practices in Oyo state, Nigeria
(Sciendo (De Gruyter Poland), 2016) Abiola J. O.; Olaogun S. C.
Livestock waste management methods were evaluated in Oyo State where different farms were visited, structured pre-tested and peer-reviewed questionnaires were administered. The results of this study revealed that the use of animal wastes as manure for farmlands or outright dumping in the bushes, garbage sites or open lands were the most common waste disposal methods practiced by commercial poultry and livestock keepers in Oyo State. Out of all the farms sampled, 45% of the farms practiced Open lands waste disposal methods, 10% practiced sun-dried and burned animal wastes disposal methods, 14% practiced flushing wastes into nearby streams and rivers as slurry, 24% used a combination of all the three methods as space or time permits, 2% turn their waste to biogas for cooking or lightening on the farm and 5% use part of the waste as feed source for ruminants or fishes on the farm. The results showed that larger percentage of the farms does not have an environmental friendly animal waste management system and the implication is widespread air, water and land pollution
Multidrug resistant verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the faeces of diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic dogs in Abeokuta, Nigeria
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 2014) Ojo, O. E.; Bello, A. O.; Amosun, E. A.; Ajadi, R. A.
Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) 0157:H7 is a predominant cause of haemorrhagic colitis (HC) and haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in humans. To assess thè role of dogs as a possible source oftransmission ofVTEC 0157:H7 to humans, thè faeces of diarrhoeic (31) and non-diarrhoeic (63) dogs were examined for thè presence of thè organista. Escherichia coli 0157:H7 was isolated from 22 (23.4%) out of 94 samples examined. The organism was detected in 5 (16.1%) out of 31 diarrhoeic faeces and 17 (26.9%) out of 63 non-diarrhoeic faeces, but thè difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). All thè E. coli 0157:H7 isolates produced one or both of verocytotoxin 1 and 2 (VT1 and VT2). Verocytotoxin 1 (VT1) was detected in 10 (45.5%) out of 22 isolates, VT2 in 8 (36.4%), while both toxin types were detected in four (18.2%) isolates. Sixteen (72.7%) out of 22 isolates were resistant to at least three antimicrobials from different classes, while 18 distinct antimicrobial resistance pattems were observed among thè isolates. The isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (86.4%), chloramphenicol (36.4%), ciprofloxacin (4.5%), gentamicin (18.2%), kanamycin (68.2%), nalidixic acid (22.7%), neomycin (40.9%), norfloxacin (9.1%), streptomycin (63.6%), sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (63.6%) and tetracycline (77.3%). The present study showed that diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic dogs may serve as potential sources of multi-drug resistant VTEC 0157 :H7 transmissible to humans.
Multidrug resistant verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the faeces of diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic dogs in Abeokuta, Nigeria
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 2014) Amosun, E. A; Olatoye, I. O.
Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) 0157:H7 is a predominant cause of haemorrhagic colitis (HC) and haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in humans. To assess thè role of dogs as a possible source oftransmission ofVTEC 0157:H7 to humans, thè faeces of diarrhoeic (31) and non-diarrhoeic (63) dogs were examined for thè presence of thè organista. Escherichia coli 0157:H7 was isolated from 22 (23.4%) out of 94 samples examined. The organism was detected in 5 (16.1%) out of 31 diarrhoeic faeces and 17 (26.9%) out of 63 non-diarrhoeic faeces, but thè difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). All thè E. coli 0157:H7 isolates produced one or both of verocytotoxin 1 and 2 (VT1 and VT2). Verocytotoxin 1 (VT1) was detected in 10 (45.5%) out of 22 isolates, VT2 in 8 (36.4%), while both toxin types were detected in four (18.2%) isolates. Sixteen (72.7%) out of 22 isolates were resistant to at least three antimicrobials from different classes, while 18 distinct antimicrobial resistance pattems were observed among thè isolates. The isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (86.4%), chloramphenicol (36.4%), ciprofloxacin (4.5%), gentamicin (18.2%), kanamycin (68.2%), nalidixic acid (22.7%), neomycin (40.9%), norfloxacin (9.1%), streptomycin (63.6%), sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (63.6%) and tetracycline (77.3%). The present study showed that diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic dogs may serve as potential sources of multi-drug resistant VTEC 0157 :H7 transmissible to humans.
Multidrug resistant verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the faeces of diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic dogs in Abeokuta, Nigeria
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 2014) Ojo, O. E.; Bello, A. O.; Amosun, E. A.; Ajadi, R. A.
Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) 0157:H7 is a predominant cause of haemorrhagic colitis (HC) and haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in humans. To assess thè role of dogs as a possible source oftransmission ofVTEC 0157:H7 to humans, thè faeces of diarrhoeic (31) and non-diarrhoeic (63) dogs were examined for thè presence of thè organista. Escherichia coli 0157:H7 was isolated from 22 (23.4%) out of 94 samples examined. The organism was detected in 5 (16.1%) out of 31 diarrhoeic faeces and 17 (26.9%) out of 63 non-diarrhoeic faeces, but thè difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). All thè E. coli 0157:H7 isolates produced one or both of verocytotoxin 1 and 2 (VT1 and VT2). Verocytotoxin 1 (VT1) was detected in 10 (45.5%) out of 22 isolates, VT2 in 8 (36.4%), while both toxin types were detected in four (18.2%) isolates. Sixteen (72.7%) out of 22 isolates were resistant to at least three antimicrobials from different classes, while 18 distinct antimicrobial resistance pattems were observed among thè isolates. The isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (86.4%), chloramphenicol (36.4%), ciprofloxacin (4.5%), gentamicin (18.2%), kanamycin (68.2%), nalidixic acid (22.7%), neomycin (40.9%), norfloxacin (9.1%), streptomycin (63.6%), sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (63.6%) and tetracycline (77.3%). The present study showed that diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic dogs may serve as potential sources of multi-drug resistant VTEC 0157 :H7 transmissible to humans.
Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli O157 contamination of beef and chicken in municipal abattoirs of Southwest Nigeria
(Marsland Press (East Lansing, Michigan), 2012) Olatoye, I. O.; Amosun, E. A.; Ogundipe, G. A. T.
Indiscriminate antibiotics usage in food animals and unhygienic meat processing could predispose meat consumers to risks of antibiotic resistant bacterial contamination and infection. This study investigated thè contamination of meat ffom cattle and chicken slaughtered for human consumption with E. coli 0157:H7 at thè metropolitan abattoirs and slaughtered slabs of selected poultry farms in Lagos and Ibadan, Nigeria. The aim was to compare thè prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattems across thè different locations and climatic seasons. The organism was isolated by cultural method using selective media and confirmed serologically using latex agglutination kits (OxoidR IJK). Antibiotic susceptibility to ten antimicrobial agents was performed by disc diffiision method using commercial Grana negative discs. Out of 800 meat samples collected, thè overall prevalence of 17.1% (comprising of 19.8% and 14.5% of beef and chicken respectively) was obtained. The prevalence of E. coli 0157:H7 in beef ffom Ibadan and Lagos were 28.5% and 11.0%, while those of chicken from Ibadan and Lagos markets were 13.0% and 14.0%, and ffom Ibadan and Lagos farms were 18.0% and 13.0% respectively. The prevalence of E. coli 0157 was significantly higher in beef compared to chicken (p<0.05), while during wet season, contamination of beef was also higher than in dry and significantly higher in beef from Ibadan than Lagos abattoir. All thè isolates were resistant to one or multiple antibiotics, but thè highest resistance of 91.1 % was to tetracycline and nine different resistance pattems were observed among thè isolates. Indiscriminate antibiotics usage in livestock predisposes meat consumers to risks of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in Southwest Nigeria. Regulatory control of antibiotics usage in livestock production, meat hygiene and pharmaco-epidemiological surveillance in food animals is hereby recommended to ensure consumer safety
Perception of Rabies among Residents of Selected Local Government Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria
(Science Domain International, 2016) Adejumobi, O. A.; Omobowale, O. C.; Olaogun, S. C.; Omobowale, T. O.; Nottidge, H. O.
"Rabies, a fatal neurotropic disease of man and animals is usually a neglected disease in many parts of the world probably because of the erroneous belief that it affects animals predominantly. This study was designed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of people in selected communities of Oyo State, Nigeria with the aim of assessing the possible risk of getting infected with the virus. A total of 323 participants were randomly selected from 10 local government areas of Oyo State, Nigeria and interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi square method. Information obtained included the demographic characteristics of the participants, their interaction with dogs, knowledge about rabies and its fatality, its mode of transmission and prevention as well as the perception of and attitude of people towards rabies. Of the 323 participants, 180(55.8%) were male while 143(44.3%) were female, 115(47.7%) were Christians, 123(51%) were muslims and 3(1.2%) were traditional religion adherents. Furthermore, 263(81.4%) had different levels of education 60(18.6 %) were illiterate, 119(36.8%) used to own dog while only 54(16.4%) presently kept dogs for reasons which included hunting 16(30.1%), security 28(52.8%), breeding {3(5.66%)} and as companionship 6(11.3%). Greater number (80%) lived in the rural areas while 62(19.6%) were urban dwellers. Out of the 323 participants, 256 (79.5%) knew about rabies, of these, 46(18%) heard about the disease from awareness campaigns, 11(4.3%) heard from human and veterinary hospitals 58(22.7%) heard from interpersonal interactions while 123(48.1%) knew by personal experiences. From the people that claimed knowledge, 231(90.2%) knew that rabies was a fatal disease, 96(37.5%) knew about rabies in other animal species aside dogs, 110(43%) knew about rabies transmission by dog or cat bite, 24(9.4%) knew that rabies can be transmitted by wild animals. Also, 130(50.8%) claimed knowledge of rabies prevention in animals but 88(34.4%) only knew about antirabies vaccination.in animals. Similarly, 128(50%) claimed knowledge of rabies prevention in man and of these, 38(14.8%) recommended prophylactic and post exposure antirabies vaccination, 42(16%) hospital visits, 20(7.8%) dog elimination and staying away from dogs, while 12(4.7%) recommended religious means, and use of herbs. When asked about first aid treatment, 99(38.7%) suggested wound washing with soap and antiseptic, 171(66.8%) recommended hospital visit while 40(15.6%) suggested a visit to the herbalist for the antidote. Pearson’s chi square showed significant difference (P<0.05) in the knowledge of the respondents and marital status. Poor knowledge of some aspects of rabies and negative attitude of dog owners towards rabies may portend grave public health consequences.
Peste de Petit Ruminants in Oyo State: Current Epidemiology and Clinical Features. 49th
(Nigeria Veterinary Medical Association (NVMA), 2012) Lasisi, O. T.; Olaogun S. C.
Peste de Petit Ruminants in Oyo State: Current Epidemiology and Clinical Features. 49th
(Nigeria Veterinary Medical Association (NVMA), 2012) Lasisi, O. T.; Olaogun S. C.
The bacterial flora of the upper respiratory tract of normal rabbits
(Israel Veterinary Medical Association, 2002) Ajuwape, T. P.; Aregbesola, E. A.
The nasal bacterial flora of 108 apparently healthy rabbits housed th aphylococcus aureus were coagulase positive. Other notable bacteria isolated luteus 9%; Escherichia coli 6%; Streptococcus zooepidemicus 4% and Pseudomonas aerugino