Veterinary Medicine
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Item Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from the Milk of Dairy Cows in Three Nigerian Cities(Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association, 2012) Amosun, E. A.; Olatoye, O. I.; Adetosoye, A. I.This study determined the safety of milk from dairy herds obtained by hand milking method from two major cattle producing States of Nigeria by investigating the presence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Forty seven milk samples from Kwara and 63 from Kaduna States were obtained from selected indigenous breeds of dairy cow. Bacteriological analysis by culturing on MacConkey agar (MAC) and subcultured on Sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC) were done. Escherichia coli 0157.H7 were confirmed serologically using latex agglutination kits (OxoidR UK). The isolates were tested for susceptibility to five commonly used antimicrobial agents and plasmid transfer was also carried out using E. coli K12 356 recipient. Out of the 61 non-Sorbitol fermenting (NSF) E. coli isolated from the samples 33(30.0%) were confirmed as E .coli 0157.H7 serotype. Antibiotic Susceptibility profile showed that all the isolates were resistant to one or multiple antibiotics, resulting in six different resistance patterns. Sulphadimidine resistance was the highest with all the isolates (100%) exhibited resistance to this drug while streptomycin had the highest sensitivity. Out of the seventeen E.coli 0157.H7 isolates tested for plasmid transfer, eleven (64.7%) transferred their resistance to the sensitive E. coli K12 356 enblock, while the remaining six showed segregation. The preponderance of E. coli O157 in this study indicated that greater proportion of milk being produced for human consumption in Nigeria were not wholesome and could posed threat of transmission of zoonotic pathogens. The high proportion of multidrug resistance exhibited by the isolates and the plasmid transfer is of public health significance as they could confer resistance on both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial population in the consumers. More so, the milk which were obtained traditional unhygienic hand milking are either consumed raw or improperly pasteurized. Hygienic milking, pasteurization and judicious use of antibiotics after properly diagnosis and sensitivity test against newer antibiotics are recommended.Item Biochemical and serological characterization of Mycoplasma from bovine clinical mastitis in southwest and northern Nigeria(Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, Mycoplasma capricolum, Mycoplasma arginini, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2010) Amosun, E. A.; Ajuwape, A. T. P.; Adetosoye, A. I.The primary objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the mycoplasma species present in clinical cases of mastitic cows in Southwest and Northern Nigeria and to determine the prevalence of mycoplasma mastitis in dairy cows. Two hundred milk samples were collected from cases of clinical mastitic cows in Ibadan,Ilorin and Kaduna. Mycoplasma was isolated from thirty-two milk samples, these milk samples were analysed bacteriologically and mycoplasmologically. The recovered pathogens were characterized biochemically using various tests. The mycoplasma species were also serologically identified by growth inhibition tests (GIT) using antisera produced in Rabbit against the mycoplasma strains. The Mycoplasma species identified from this include: 13 isolates of Mycoplasma bovis; 8 isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides sub sp. mycoides; 7 isolates of Mycoplasma capricolum and 4 isolates of Mycoplasma arginini. Other pathogens isolated include: Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonsa aeruginosa. Based on the public health and economic significance of mycoplasma spp identified in this study, couple with the fact that consumption of such unpasteurized milk is a frequent occurrence among the rural dwellers which could result in milk borne zoonoses, it is suggested that fresh milk should be properly pasteurized before consumption by humans. Key words : Bovine; Mastitis; Biochemical;Serological;Mycoplasma; Nigeria.Item Bovine streptococcal mastitis in Southwest and Northern States of Nigeria.(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2010) Amosun, E. A.; Ajuwape, A. T. P.; Adetosoye, A. I.An investigation was carried out to identify the streptococci species isolated from clinical cases of bovine mastitis in Kwara, Kaduna and Oyo States of Nigeria. Milk samples from 200 clinically mastitic udders were bacteriological studied. A total of 130 streptococci isolate belonging to six species of streptococci, namely S. uberis, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. epidemicus, S. bovis, S. equinus were recovered from the milk examined. Streptococcus uberis was the most frequently encountered species with an incidence of (55.4%) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (24.6%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (12.3%) Streptococcus zoopidemicus (3.9%) Streptococcus bovis (2.3%) and Streptococcus equinus (1.5%). These species of streptococcus are of great public importance.Item The prevalence of gram negative bacteria in bovine mastitis among dairy herds in Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2009) Amosun, E.; Olatoye, O. I.; Adetosoye, A. I.The dairy industry in Nigeria has not been well developed due to several factors of which bacterial mastitis play a prominent role. The current study was to determine the prevalence of gram negative bacteria in clinical cases of bovine mastitis from different ecological zones of Nigeria. Bacteriological examination of milk samples from 200 clinically infected cows was performed through characterization of replicate samples. A total of 205 isolates belonging to three bacteriological genera were identified. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had prevalence of 53.66%, 32.68% and 13.66% respectively. The isolates were widely distributed across the southern, middle belt and northern Nigeria with prevalence of 38.05%, 32.68% and 29.68% respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the prevalence of different isolates from across the regions. The result is of economic and public health importance due to cross contamination of milk from cows in the same herd and as a result of traditional unhygienic hand milking method employed by the herdsmen. Consumption of such unpasteurized milk is also a frequent occurrence among the rural dwellers; this could lead to milk borne zoonoses, while the reduction in milk production due to these infections caused economic losses. Control and prevention of these infections through hygienic milking operation, herd health and husbandry education of the traditional herdsmen will help to improve productivity of the dairy industry in Nigeria.Item Bacteriological investigation of bovine clinical mastitis in two selected farms in Ibadan, Oyo State of Nigeria(College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines, 2005) Amosun, E. A.; Ajuwape, A. T. P.; Adetosoye, A. I.Bacteriological examination was performed on 60 and 40 milk samples of clinical mastitic udders from Akinyele and Iyana Offa farms, Ibadan, respectively. A total of 251 bacterial isolates belonging to 5 bacteriological genera were recovered from the milk of the mastitic cows examined. Approximately 70% and 76% of the Staphylococci isolated from the milk of mastitic cows in Akinyele and Iyana Offa farms, respectively, were coagulase positive. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen in this study with an incidence of 39.0% while the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species had an incidence of 3.6%. Other bacteria isolated include Streptococcus agalactiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, each with an incidence of 7.6%, while Streptococcus uberis showed an incidence of 18.7% . Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed an incidence of 11.2% and 12.4%, respectively. The bacteria encountered in this investigation are among the pathogens that have been incriminated as contaminants of fresh milk meant for human consumption and are therefore of public health importance.