Veterinary Medicine

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Start date: 2002

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    Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Guinea fowl and Chicken in Ibadan North Local Government area, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2017) Amosun, E. A.; Ayantoke, I. A.; Agba, J. U.; Ojo, O. E.
    Escherichia coli Ol 57 is a major zoonotic disease of thè poultry industry. 315 cloacae samples (177 chickens and 138 guinea fowls) were screened for enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC 0157). The samples were pre-enriched with tryptic soy broth, incubated over- night at 37°C for 18 hours, sub-cultured on MacConkey agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Rose pink colonies on MacConkey agar (putative E. coli) were selected for bio- chemical test. The susceptibility of identified E. coli isolates to antimicrobial agents was determined by thè standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Confirmed E. coli were sub-cultured on Sorbitol MacConkey agar piate (SMAC) and incubated at 37°C for 24hours. Colourless or pale colonies (non-sorbitolfermenters) were further tested. Isolates that produced colourless colonies and agglutinatimi with E. coli 0157 latex test were tested with E. coli HI antiserum by a slide agglutination test as well as other identified E. coli isolates irrespective of their sorbitol fermentatimi reactions were identified serologically using a latex agglutination test kit. Of thè 315 samples, 9.5% were positive for EHEC Ol 57 including 7.3% and 12.3% of thè chickens and thè guinea fowls, respectively. The differences in thè two species were not statistica!ly (P<0.05) significant The resistance of thè EHEC 0157 to antim icrobials were; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 66.67%, nitrofurantoin 60.00%, gentamicin 56.67%, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole 50.00%, tet- racycline 50.00%, pefloxacin43.33%, amoxicillin 33.33 %, ciprofloxacin 33.33 %,ofloxacin 30.00%, and ceftriaxone 20.00%. E. coli OJ57:H7 isolated from guinea fowls were all susceptible to amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin while EHEC 0157:H7 from chickens showed 100% resistance to tetracycline and pefloxacin. The presence of virulent multidrug resistali E. coli 0157 strains in thè faeces of guinea fowls and chickens showed thè dangers that handlers and consumers are exposed and thè implications of disseminatimi of thè pathogens to thè environment through faecal shedding.
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    Evaluation of bacteria and antibiotic resistance profiling of Wara (White soft cheese) in Oyo- State, South West, Nigeria
    (Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association, 2017) Amosun, E. A.; Agbato, A. O.; Daodu, O. B.; Ojo, O. E.
    Fresh milk from healthy cows contains few bacteria but contamination during handling and processing can rapidly increase bacterial population and subsequently depreciate it quality. This study evaluated thè presence of bacteria and their antibiotic resistance profiles in white soft cheese (Wara) in three major producing locai Government areas in Oyo-State, Nigeria. The cheese samples were collected in sterile universal bottles immediately after production. Samples were immediately transported to thè laboratory for bacteria isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility test of thè isolates. A total of one hundred and sixty-five (165) bacterial isolates of ten different bacterial genera were identified from 102 cheese samples. The isolation rates of different species/genera were Lactobacillus spp (39.8%), E. coli (32.5%), Klebsiella spp (9%), Citrobacter spp (2.4%), Acinetobacter spp (3.6%), Pseudomonas spp (6.6%), Bordetella spp (0.6%), Proteus spp (1.2%), Staphylococcus spp (3.6%) and Strepiococcus agalactiae (0.6%). Results demonstrated substantial differences in their resistance pattems to various antibiotics. The isolates were tested against ten different antibiotics. The Gram negative isolates showed twenty-five resistance pattems while Gram positive isolates revealed fifty-four distinct resistance groups. In all, Gram positive isolates showed resistance to ceftriaxone (61.1%), gentamicin (51.4%), chloramphenicol (51.1%), amoxicillin (48.6%), ciprofloxacin (44.4%), cotrimoxazole (43.1%), perfloxacin (40.3%), streptomycin (40.3%) Erythromycin (31.9) and ofloxacin (30.6%) while Gram positive showed resistance to chloramphenicol (22.6%), trimethoprim /sulfamethoxazole (20.4%), amoxillin/clavulanic acid. (10.8%), streptomycin (9.7%), gentamicin (8.6%), sparfloxacin (6.5%), amoxicilin (5.4%), Perfloxacin (5.4%), ofloxacin (4.3%) and ciprofloxacin (3.2%). Multi-drug resistance to three or more antibiotics was observed in 69 isolates, 56 Gram positive and 13 Gram negative bacteria. This study confirmed that white soft cheese “wara” can be a source of bacteria with multidrug resistant phenotypes.
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    Multidrug Resistant Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Pigeons in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (African Union, InterAfrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR), 2017) Amosun, E. A.; Aweda, D. I.; Ojo, O. E.
    Pigeons are commonly seen around human dwellings and in city centres.The movement of these birds from place to place makes them a veritable vehicle for environmental dissemination of pathogens. Enterohaemorrhagic E coli (EHEC) OI57:H7 can cause severe and sometimes fatal gastroenteritis in humans.This study investigated the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of EHEC OI57:H7 in the faeces. One hundred and twenty five cloacae samples (82 adult pigeons and 43 squabs) were collected from three different locations in Ibadan metropolis. Enterohaemorrhagic E coli Ol 57:H7 was isolated from samples on BCIG-SMAC following a selective pre-enrichment culture in modified Tryptic Soy Broth supplemented with novobiocin. Suspected non-sorbitol fermenting Ecoli isolates were serologically identified as serotype 0157:H7 using latex agglutination method. Enterohaemorrhagic E coli isolates were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Out of all 125 samples examined, 23(18.4%) were confirmed as EHEC 0I57.H7 serotype. Isolates showed resistance to nitrofuranton (100%), ceftriazone (100%), amoxicillin (91.3%), augmentin (73.9%), gentamycin (60.9%), cotrimozazole (60.9%), pefloxacin (47.8%) , tetracycline (34.8%), ciprofloxacin (30.4%) and ofloxacin (17.4%). This study showed that pigeons harbour multidrug resistant EHEC OI57:H7 and may contribute to environmental contamination through faecal shedding.
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    Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Microbiota of the Upper Respiratory Tract of Apparently healthy Dogs in Ibadan, South West Nigeria
    (Drug Research & Production Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University,, 2017) Daodu, O. B.; Amosun, E. A.; Oluwayelu, O. D.
    Background: Rearing of dogs and other pets has become increasingly popular in modem society. Bacterial flora resides within thè nasal and orai cavities of dogs and when chanced, can be pathogenic. Certain similarities between humans and dogs portends dangerous behavioral habits that could lead to zoonotic disease transmission. This study was aimed at isolation, identification and antibiotic profiling of bacteria from nasal swabs of apparently healthy dogs. The zoonotic risk was also considered. Methodology: A total of 173 nasal swabs were collected from 173 apparently healthy dogs. Structured questionnaires were administered to investigate human behavioral habits. Results: Two hundred and twenty two (222) bacterial isolates were obtained from thè culture with ten (10) potentially pathogenic bacteria in thè order of Escherichia coli (18.5%), Proteus species (17.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.0%), Klebsiella species (9.0%), Acinetobacter species (9.0%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (7.7%), Pseudomonas species (6.8%), Actinobacter species (6.8%), Citrobacter species (5.9%) and Streptococcus species (5.4%). Overall, thè Gram negative isolates showed resistance to ciprofloxacin (9.3%), sparfloxacin (16.0%),perfloxacin (17.3%), ofloxacin (21.6%), chloramphenicol (34..6%), gentamycin (36.4%), streptomycin (37.%), septrin (49.4%), amoxillin (59.3%), augmentin (62.3%) while thè Gram positive bacteria showed resistance to ciprofloxacin (3.3%), perfloxacin (6.7%), erythromycin (13.3%), streptomycin (21.7%), rocephin (28.3%), septrin (28.3%), gentamycin (36.7%), zinnacef (68.3%), ampiclox (81.7%) and amoxillin (85.0%). Multi-dmg resistance (MDR) to three or more antimicrobials was observed in some of thè isolates. Seventy - seven resistance pattems were observed, 16 in Gram positive and 61 in Gram negative bacteria. Conclusion: This study revealed MDR to two or more antimicrobials in all thè isolates. These can pose antibiotic resistance challenges in situation of primary or secondary canine respiratory infections. Also, this study revealed that 82% of thè dog owners/ lovers had less than 50cm face-to-face contact with these dogs while playing with them, thus increasing their chances of acquiring MDR bacteria from apparently healthy dog
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    Antibiotic sensitivity of some bacteria isolates isolated from scouring calves from some farms in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2018) Olaogun, S. C.; Jeremiah, O. T.; Jubril, A. J.
    Diarrhoea in young pre-weaned calves is one of the most important causes of calf morbidity and mortality. Information on this multi-aetiological condition is scanty in Nigeria. Therefore, we studied the prevalent bacteria and antibacteria susceptibility to various bacterial isolates from faecal samples of suspected cases of calf scours in Oyo and Ogun States of South-western Nigeria. One hundred and twenty calf faecal samples (120) from various breeds of cattle showing clinical manifestation of scours were screened for bacterial agents in two farms in Oyo and five farms in Ogun States. Isolation and identification were done using standard procedures, while antibiotic sensitivity was done using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. were identified. Out of all the calves, 19 calves (15.8%) were positive for bacteria agents, E. coli was isolated from 12 calves (10%), Salmonella spp. was isolated in 10 calves (8.3%) and Campylobacter spp. was isolated in 1 calf (0.8%). Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the most sensitive antibiotics were Meropenem (91.3%) and Amikacin (82.6%) while the least sensitive was Ampicillin (21.7%). Therefore Meropenem is the most sensitive antibiotic and recorded the highest percentage sensitivity in all the three bacteria pathogens isolated, while Ampicillin appeared to be the least sensitive antibiotic to virtually all the pathogens isolated. Meropenem is therefore recommended as the drug of choice for the management of bacteria calf scours. The isolation of highly pathogenic E.coli 0157 from calf scour cases reaffirmed cattle as a reservoirs host which may enter the food chain and poses a faeco-oral potential public health hazards.
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    Antibiotic sensitivity of some bacteria isolates isolated from scouring calves from some farms in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2018) Olaogun, S. C.; Jeremiah, O. T.; Jubril, A. J.
    Diarrhoea in young pre-weaned calves is one of the most important causes of calf morbidity and mortality. Information on this multi-aetiological condition is scanty in Nigeria. Therefore, we studied the prevalent bacteria and antibacteria susceptibility to various bacterial isolates from faecal samples of suspected cases of calf scours in Oyo and Ogun States of South-western Nigeria. One hundred and twenty calf faecal samples (120) from various breeds of cattle showing clinical manifestation of scours were screened for bacterial agents in two farms in Oyo and five farms in Ogun States. Isolation and identification were done using standard procedures, while antibiotic sensitivity was done using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. were identified. Out of all the calves, 19 calves (15.8%) were positive for bacteria agents, E. coli was isolated from 12 calves (10%), Salmonella spp. was isolated in 10 calves (8.3%) and Campylobacter spp. was isolated in 1 calf (0.8%). Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the most sensitive antibiotics were Meropenem (91.3%) and Amikacin (82.6%) while the least sensitive was Ampicillin (21.7%). Therefore Meropenem is the most sensitive antibiotic and recorded the highest percentage sensitivity in all the three bacteria pathogens isolated, while Ampicillin appeared to be the least sensitive antibiotic to virtually all the pathogens isolated. Meropenem is therefore recommended as the drug of choice for the management of bacteria calf scours. The isolation of highly pathogenic E.coli 0157 from calf scour cases reaffirmed cattle as a reservoirs host which may enter the food chain and poses a faeco-oral potential public health hazards.
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    Antibiotic sensitivity of some bacteria isolates isolated from scouring calves from some farms in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2018) Olaogun, S. C.; Jeremiah, O. T.; Jubril, A. J.
    Diarrhoea in young pre-weaned calves is one of the most important causes of calf morbidity and mortality. Information on this multi-aetiological condition is scanty in Nigeria. Therefore, we studied the prevalent bacteria and antibacteria susceptibility to various bacterial isolates from faecal samples of suspected cases of calf scours in Oyo and Ogun States of South-western Nigeria. One hundred and twenty calf faecal samples (120) from various breeds of cattle showing clinical manifestation of scours were screened for bacterial agents in two farms in Oyo and five farms in Ogun States. Isolation and identification were done using standard procedures, while antibiotic sensitivity was done using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. were identified. Out of all the calves, 19 calves (15.8%) were positive for bacteria agents, E. coli was isolated from 12 calves (10%), Salmonella spp. was isolated in 10 calves (8.3%) and Campylobacter spp. was isolated in 1 calf (0.8%). Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the most sensitive antibiotics were Meropenem (91.3%) and Amikacin (82.6%) while the least sensitive was Ampicillin (21.7%). Therefore, Meropenem is the most sensitive antibiotic and recorded the highest percentage sensitivity in all the three bacteria pathogens isolated, while Ampicillin appeared to be the least sensitive antibiotic to virtually all the pathogens isolated. Meropenem is therefore recommended as the drug of choice for the management of bacteria calf scours. The isolation of highly pathogenic E.coli 0157 from calf scour cases reaffirmed cattle as a reservoirs host which may enter the food chain and poses a faeco-oral potential public health hazards.
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    Antibiotic sensitivity of some bacteria isolates isolated from scouring calves from some farms in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2018) Olaogun, S. C.; Jeremiah, O. T.; Jubril, A. J.
    Diarrhoea in young pre-weaned calves is one of the most important causes of calf morbidity and mortality. Information on this multi-aetiological condition is scanty in Nigeria. Therefore, we studied the prevalent bacteria and antibacteria susceptibility to various bacterial isolates from faecal samples of suspected cases of calf scours in Oyo and Ogun States of South-western Nigeria. One hundred and twenty calf faecal samples (120) from various breeds of cattle showing clinical manifestation of scours were screened for bacterial agents in two farms in Oyo and five farms in Ogun States. Isolation and identification were done using standard procedures, while antibiotic sensitivity was done using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. were identified. Out of all the calves, 19 calves (15.8%) were positive for bacteria agents, E. coli was isolated from 12 calves (10%), Salmonella spp. was isolated in 10 calves (8.3%) and Campylobacter spp. was isolated in 1 calf (0.8%). Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the most sensitive antibiotics were Meropenem (91.3%) and Amikacin (82.6%) while the least sensitive was Ampicillin (21.7%). Therefore Meropenem is the most sensitive antibiotic and recorded the highest percentage sensitivity in all the three bacteria pathogens isolated, while Ampicillin appeared to be the least sensitive antibiotic to virtually all the pathogens isolated. Meropenem is therefore recommended as the drug of choice for the management of bacteria calf scours. The isolation of highly pathogenic E.coli 0157 from calf scour cases reaffirmed cattle as a reservoirs host which may enter the food chain and poses a faeco-oral potential public health hazards.
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    Incidence and biochemical parameters of dermatophilosis in Nigerian cattle breed from livestock markets, Oyo state, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Libya, 2018) Olaogun, S. C.; Onwuzuruike, K. J.
    Dermatophilosis is one of the major economically important diseases of cattle in Nigeria. Managing the condition has been very challenging and re-occurrence has been reported with moderate to high morbidity and mortality. The incidence and biochemical features of cattle with dermatophilosis was conducted in June to December 2016 across the four geopolitical zones of Oyo state, Nigeria. Clinical diagnosis were made based on appearance of dermatophilosis lesion, breeds morphologically characterized, ageing were based on rostral dentition and severity based on the extent and nature of the lesion. Biochemical analysis was based on standard procedure as prescribed by Fortress International. Fifty cattle were found to be infected with clinical dermatophilosis during the period of the study. Twenty four (48%) in Ibadan zone, 14 (28%) in Oyo/Ogbomosho, 8 (16%) in Oke-ogun and 4 (8%) in Ibarapa zone. Breeds distribution across the zones showed 28 (56%) White Fulani, 5 (10%) Sokoto Gudali, 3 (6%) Adamawa Gudali, 7 (14%) Red Bororo, 5 (10%) Cross breeds while the Kuri was 2 (4%). Regarding animal ages, less than 2 years old were 2 animals (4%) while the adults were 48 animals (96%) and they fall under the categories of 2-2½ years of age, 3-3½ years of age and those which are over 3½ years of age. The different levels of severity were categorized into mild (20 (40%)), moderate (23 (46%)) and severe (7 (14%)) .The best parameters were seen in White Fulani, while the least were seen in Adamawa Gudali. The age group in the category of 3 - 3½ years had most of the best serum values while the least values were seen in animals less than 2 years of age. Cattle exhibiting mild lesions had most of the best serum values and the least values were observed in cattle with severe lesions. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the mean values for the various parameters studied among the breeds, age, and severity of condition.