Veterinary Medicine
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Item Occurrence of Skin Abscess and Sensitivity Pattern of Associated Bacterial Organisms in Pigs on Ifelodun Farm Settlement, Ogun State, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt, 2016) Omotosho, O. O.; Olaogun, S. C.; Odukaye, A. O.Pigs are relatively prone to abscess formation especially in the skin. This study was designed to assess the occurrence of skin abscess in pigs on the Ifelodun farm settlement in Ogun state, South-West Nigeria and evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial organisms isolated from pus samples from the abscesses. A total of 2,909 pigs from 104 randomly selected farms on the Ifelodun farm settlement were physically examined. The anatomic locations of gross swellings on the skin were noted. Diagnosis of skin abscess was arrived at after palpation and aspiration of content. Pus samples from 14 intact abscesses were collected aseptically for isolation and sensitivity using standard cultural and disc diffusion method respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. 26 (0.89%) of the 2,909 pigs examined across 22 (21.2%) farms out of 104 farms surveyed were affected. The anatomic distribution of the abscesses includes 43.3%, 6.67%, 16.67% and 33.33% on the neck, forelimbs, trunk, and hind limbs respectively. None was observed on the head. 10 bacterial species were isolated from the 14 tested isolates with Arcanobacterium pyogenes (57.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (42.8%) and Escherichia coli (35.7%) being most frequently isolated. Antibiotic sensitivity profile varied with more isolates being sensitive to Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Gentamicin, and Chloraphenicol for gram positive bacterial species and Ceftazidine, Cefuroxime, Gentamicin and Augmentin for gram negative species. Swine skin abscess affects various body regions in pigs on Ifelodun pig farm settlement. The neck and hind limbs were mostly affected likely due to poor injection practices. Based on availability of veterinary preparation readily available in the Nigerian market, Gentamicin, Tetracycline and Erythromycin remain viable options for post-surgical management of the abscesses while Chloramphenicol should be avoided due to its deleterious effect on humans. Antibiotic sensitivity is recommended in cases of recurring skin abscesses in a pig or herd.Item Isolation and antibiotics susceptibility patterns of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 from selected dairy herds in Nigeria(African Union, InterAfrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR), 2012) Amosun, E. A.; Olatoye, I. O.; Adetosoye, I. A.This study determined the safety of milk from dairy herds obtained by hand milking method from two major cattle producing States of Nigeria by investigating the presence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Forty seven milk samples from Kwara and 63 from Kaduna States were obtained from selected indigenous breeds of dairy cow. Bacteriological analysis by culturing on MacConkey agar (MAC) and subcultured on Sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC) were done. Escherichia coli 0157.H7 were confirmed serologically using latex agglutination kits (OxoidR UK). The isolates were tested for susceptibility to five commonly used antimicrobial agents and plasmid transfer was also carried out using E. coli K12 356 recipient. Out of the 61 non-Sorbitol fermenting (NSF) E. coli isolated from the samples 33(30.0%) were confirmed as E .coli 0157.H7 serotype. Antibiotic Susceptibility profile showed that all the isolates were resistant to one or multiple antibiotics, resulting in six different resistance patterns. Sulphadimidine resistance was the highest with all the isolates (100%) exhibited resistance to this drug while streptomycin had the highest sensitivity. Out of the seventeen E.coli 0157.H7 isolates tested for plasmid transfer, eleven (64.7%) transferred their resistance to the sensitive E. coli K12 356 enblock, while the remaining six showed segregation. The preponderance of E. coli O157 in this study indicated that greater proportion of milk being produced for human consumption in Nigeria were not wholesome and could posed threat of transmission of zoonotic pathogens. The high proportion of multidrug resistance exhibited by the isolates and the plasmid transfer is of public health significance as they could confer resistance on both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial population in the consumers. More so, the milk which were obtained traditional unhygienic hand milking are either consumed raw or improperly pasteurized. Hygienic milking, pasteurization and judicious use of antibiotics after properly diagnosis and sensitivity test against newer antibiotics are recommended.