Veterinary Medicine
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/574
Browse
36 results
Search Results
Item Antibiotic sensitivity of some bacteria isolates isolated from scouring calves from some farms in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2018) Olaogun, S. C.; Jeremiah, O. T.; Jubril, A. J.Diarrhoea in young pre-weaned calves is one of the most important causes of calf morbidity and mortality. Information on this multi-aetiological condition is scanty in Nigeria. Therefore, we studied the prevalent bacteria and antibacteria susceptibility to various bacterial isolates from faecal samples of suspected cases of calf scours in Oyo and Ogun States of South-western Nigeria. One hundred and twenty calf faecal samples (120) from various breeds of cattle showing clinical manifestation of scours were screened for bacterial agents in two farms in Oyo and five farms in Ogun States. Isolation and identification were done using standard procedures, while antibiotic sensitivity was done using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. were identified. Out of all the calves, 19 calves (15.8%) were positive for bacteria agents, E. coli was isolated from 12 calves (10%), Salmonella spp. was isolated in 10 calves (8.3%) and Campylobacter spp. was isolated in 1 calf (0.8%). Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the most sensitive antibiotics were Meropenem (91.3%) and Amikacin (82.6%) while the least sensitive was Ampicillin (21.7%). Therefore Meropenem is the most sensitive antibiotic and recorded the highest percentage sensitivity in all the three bacteria pathogens isolated, while Ampicillin appeared to be the least sensitive antibiotic to virtually all the pathogens isolated. Meropenem is therefore recommended as the drug of choice for the management of bacteria calf scours. The isolation of highly pathogenic E.coli 0157 from calf scour cases reaffirmed cattle as a reservoirs host which may enter the food chain and poses a faeco-oral potential public health hazards.Item Antibiotic sensitivity of some bacteria isolates isolated from scouring calves from some farms in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2018) Olaogun, S. C.; Jeremiah, O. T.; Jubril, A. J.Diarrhoea in young pre-weaned calves is one of the most important causes of calf morbidity and mortality. Information on this multi-aetiological condition is scanty in Nigeria. Therefore, we studied the prevalent bacteria and antibacteria susceptibility to various bacterial isolates from faecal samples of suspected cases of calf scours in Oyo and Ogun States of South-western Nigeria. One hundred and twenty calf faecal samples (120) from various breeds of cattle showing clinical manifestation of scours were screened for bacterial agents in two farms in Oyo and five farms in Ogun States. Isolation and identification were done using standard procedures, while antibiotic sensitivity was done using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. were identified. Out of all the calves, 19 calves (15.8%) were positive for bacteria agents, E. coli was isolated from 12 calves (10%), Salmonella spp. was isolated in 10 calves (8.3%) and Campylobacter spp. was isolated in 1 calf (0.8%). Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the most sensitive antibiotics were Meropenem (91.3%) and Amikacin (82.6%) while the least sensitive was Ampicillin (21.7%). Therefore Meropenem is the most sensitive antibiotic and recorded the highest percentage sensitivity in all the three bacteria pathogens isolated, while Ampicillin appeared to be the least sensitive antibiotic to virtually all the pathogens isolated. Meropenem is therefore recommended as the drug of choice for the management of bacteria calf scours. The isolation of highly pathogenic E.coli 0157 from calf scour cases reaffirmed cattle as a reservoirs host which may enter the food chain and poses a faeco-oral potential public health hazards.Item Antibiotic sensitivity of some bacteria isolates isolated from scouring calves from some farms in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2018) Olaogun, S. C.; Jeremiah, O. T.; Jubril, A. J.Diarrhoea in young pre-weaned calves is one of the most important causes of calf morbidity and mortality. Information on this multi-aetiological condition is scanty in Nigeria. Therefore, we studied the prevalent bacteria and antibacteria susceptibility to various bacterial isolates from faecal samples of suspected cases of calf scours in Oyo and Ogun States of South-western Nigeria. One hundred and twenty calf faecal samples (120) from various breeds of cattle showing clinical manifestation of scours were screened for bacterial agents in two farms in Oyo and five farms in Ogun States. Isolation and identification were done using standard procedures, while antibiotic sensitivity was done using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. were identified. Out of all the calves, 19 calves (15.8%) were positive for bacteria agents, E. coli was isolated from 12 calves (10%), Salmonella spp. was isolated in 10 calves (8.3%) and Campylobacter spp. was isolated in 1 calf (0.8%). Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the most sensitive antibiotics were Meropenem (91.3%) and Amikacin (82.6%) while the least sensitive was Ampicillin (21.7%). Therefore, Meropenem is the most sensitive antibiotic and recorded the highest percentage sensitivity in all the three bacteria pathogens isolated, while Ampicillin appeared to be the least sensitive antibiotic to virtually all the pathogens isolated. Meropenem is therefore recommended as the drug of choice for the management of bacteria calf scours. The isolation of highly pathogenic E.coli 0157 from calf scour cases reaffirmed cattle as a reservoirs host which may enter the food chain and poses a faeco-oral potential public health hazards.Item Antibiotic sensitivity of some bacteria isolates isolated from scouring calves from some farms in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2018) Olaogun, S. C.; Jeremiah, O. T.; Jubril, A. J.Diarrhoea in young pre-weaned calves is one of the most important causes of calf morbidity and mortality. Information on this multi-aetiological condition is scanty in Nigeria. Therefore, we studied the prevalent bacteria and antibacteria susceptibility to various bacterial isolates from faecal samples of suspected cases of calf scours in Oyo and Ogun States of South-western Nigeria. One hundred and twenty calf faecal samples (120) from various breeds of cattle showing clinical manifestation of scours were screened for bacterial agents in two farms in Oyo and five farms in Ogun States. Isolation and identification were done using standard procedures, while antibiotic sensitivity was done using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. were identified. Out of all the calves, 19 calves (15.8%) were positive for bacteria agents, E. coli was isolated from 12 calves (10%), Salmonella spp. was isolated in 10 calves (8.3%) and Campylobacter spp. was isolated in 1 calf (0.8%). Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the most sensitive antibiotics were Meropenem (91.3%) and Amikacin (82.6%) while the least sensitive was Ampicillin (21.7%). Therefore Meropenem is the most sensitive antibiotic and recorded the highest percentage sensitivity in all the three bacteria pathogens isolated, while Ampicillin appeared to be the least sensitive antibiotic to virtually all the pathogens isolated. Meropenem is therefore recommended as the drug of choice for the management of bacteria calf scours. The isolation of highly pathogenic E.coli 0157 from calf scour cases reaffirmed cattle as a reservoirs host which may enter the food chain and poses a faeco-oral potential public health hazards.Item Incidence and biochemical parameters of dermatophilosis in Nigerian cattle breed from livestock markets, Oyo state, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Libya, 2018) Olaogun, S. C.; Onwuzuruike, K. J.Dermatophilosis is one of the major economically important diseases of cattle in Nigeria. Managing the condition has been very challenging and re-occurrence has been reported with moderate to high morbidity and mortality. The incidence and biochemical features of cattle with dermatophilosis was conducted in June to December 2016 across the four geopolitical zones of Oyo state, Nigeria. Clinical diagnosis were made based on appearance of dermatophilosis lesion, breeds morphologically characterized, ageing were based on rostral dentition and severity based on the extent and nature of the lesion. Biochemical analysis was based on standard procedure as prescribed by Fortress International. Fifty cattle were found to be infected with clinical dermatophilosis during the period of the study. Twenty four (48%) in Ibadan zone, 14 (28%) in Oyo/Ogbomosho, 8 (16%) in Oke-ogun and 4 (8%) in Ibarapa zone. Breeds distribution across the zones showed 28 (56%) White Fulani, 5 (10%) Sokoto Gudali, 3 (6%) Adamawa Gudali, 7 (14%) Red Bororo, 5 (10%) Cross breeds while the Kuri was 2 (4%). Regarding animal ages, less than 2 years old were 2 animals (4%) while the adults were 48 animals (96%) and they fall under the categories of 2-2½ years of age, 3-3½ years of age and those which are over 3½ years of age. The different levels of severity were categorized into mild (20 (40%)), moderate (23 (46%)) and severe (7 (14%)) .The best parameters were seen in White Fulani, while the least were seen in Adamawa Gudali. The age group in the category of 3 - 3½ years had most of the best serum values while the least values were seen in animals less than 2 years of age. Cattle exhibiting mild lesions had most of the best serum values and the least values were observed in cattle with severe lesions. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the mean values for the various parameters studied among the breeds, age, and severity of condition.Item Whole-genome sequencing of African dogs provides insights into adaptations against tropical parasites(Oxford University Press, 2018) Yan-Hu, L.; Wang, L.; Tao Xu,T.; Guo, X.; Adeniyi C.; Adeola, O. J.; Olaogun, S. C.Natural selection in domestic dogs is of great interest in evolutionary biology since dogs havemigrated to every inhabited continent of the world alongside humans, and adapted to diverse environments. Here, we explored their demographic history and genetic basis of adaptation to the tropical African environment using whole genome analyses of 19 African indigenous dogs from Nigeria. Demographic analysis suggests that the ancestors of these dogs migrated into Africa from Eurasia 14,000 years ago and underwent a severe founder effect before population expansion. Admixture analysis further reveals that African dog genomes contain about 1.88–3.50% introgression from African golden wolves (Canis anthus). Population genetic analysis identifies 50 positively selected genes linked with immunity, angiogenesis, ultraviolet protection, as well as insulin secretion and sensitivity that may contribute to adaptation to tropical conditions. One of the positively selected genes, adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 (ADGRE1), has also been found to be association with severe malaria resistance in African human populations. Functional assessments showed that ADGRE1 provides protective host defense against Plasmodium infections. This result, together with the fact that the inflammatory response to canine babesiosis is similar to complicated falciparum malaria in humans, support the dogs as a model for the study of malaria control and treatment.Item A case report of Dystocia due to shistosomus reflexus (conjoined twins) in a West African Dwarf Doe in Ibadan, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan., 2017) Olaogun, S. C.; Abiola J. O.; Jeremiah, O. T.A three years old light brown West African dwarf doe, weighing about 32 kg was presented with history of dystocia of about 36 hours was presented to the University of Ibadan Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ibadan. The animal was restless. Close observation showed a swollen vulva with protruding foetal head. There was abnormal slimy blood tinted discharges with foul odour in her vulva. Rectal temperature was 40 degree Celcius with relatively high respiratory rate. Dystocia was diagnosed. Using systematic and calculated tration and retropulsion, Schistosomus reflexus (co-joined twins) were subsequently delivered after about 20 minutes of intervention. Post-manipulation care was given by intramuscular injection of procaine penicillin and streptomycin combination at a dose of 1ml per 10kg body weight for 4 days consecutively; multivitamins injection was also given at 1ml per 10kg body weight for four days. Complete recovery of the doe was achieved.Item Analysis of the genetic variation in mitochondrial DNA, Y-chromosome sequences, and MC1R sheds light on the ancestry of Nigerian indigenous pigs(Springer Nature, 2017) Adeola, A. C.; Oluwole, O. O.; Oladele, B. M.; Olorungbounmi, T. O.; Boladuro, B.; Olaogun, S. C.; Nneji, L. M.; Sanke, O. J.; Dawuda, P. M.; Omitogun, O. G.; Frantz, L.Background: The history of pig populations in Africa remains controversial due to insufficient evidence from archaeological and genetic data. Previously, a Western ancestry for West African pigs was reported based on loci that are involved in the determination of coat color. We investigated the genetic diversity of Nigerian indigenous pigs (NIP) by simultaneously analyzing variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Y-chromosome sequence and the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) gene. Results: Median-joining network analysis of mtDNA D-loop sequences from 201 NIP and previously characterized loci clustered NIP with populations from the West (Europe/North Africa) and East/Southeast Asia. Analysis of partial sequences of the Y-chromosome in 57 Nigerian boars clustered NIP into lineage HY1. Finally, analysis of MC1R in 90 NIP resulted in seven haplotypes, among which the European wild boar haplotype was carried by one individual and the European dominant black by most of the other individuals (93%). The five remaining unique haplotypes differed by a single synonymous substitution from European wild type, European dominant black and Asian dominant black haplotypes. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a European and East/Southeast Asian ancestry for NIP. Analyses of MC1R provide further evidence. Additional genetic analyses and archaeological studies may provide further insights into the history of African pig breeds. Our findings provide a valuable resource for future studies on whole-genome analyses of African pigs.Item A cryptic mitochondrial DNA link between North European and West African dogs(Elsevier, 2017) Adeola, A. C.; Ommeh, S. C.; Song, J. J.; Olaogun, S. C.; Sanke, O. J.; Yin, T. T.; Wang, G. D.; Wu, S. F.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Lichoti, J. K.; Agwanda, B. R.Domestic dogs have an ancient origin and a long history in Africa. Nevertheless, the timing and sources of their introduction into Africa remain enigmatic. Herein, we analyse variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences from 345 Nigerian and 37 Kenyan village dogs plus 1530 published sequences of dogs from other parts of Africa, Europe and West Asia. All Kenyan dogs can be assigned to one of three haplogroups (matrilines; clades): A, B, and C, while Nigerian dogs can be assigned to one of four haplogroups A, B, C, and D. None of the African dogs exhibits a matrilineal contribution from the African wolf (Canis lupus lupaster). The genetic signal of a recent demographic expansion is detected in Nigerian dogs from West Africa. The analyses of mitochondrial genomes reveal a maternal genetic link between modern West African and North European dogs indicated by sub-haplogroup D1 (but not the entire haplogroup D) coalescing around 12,000 years ago. Incorporating molecular anthropological evidence, we propose that sub-haplogroup D1 in West African dogs could be traced back to the late-glacial dispersals, potentially associated with human hunter-gatherer migration from southwestern Europe.Item In-vitro dissolution and some physical properties of two generics of levamisole blous formulations for large animals.(Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (IAJPR) Publications, 2017) Gberindyer, A. F.; Omotosho, O. O.; Olaogun, S. C.Physical and dissolution properties of solid oral dosage formulations significantly affect therapeutic outcomes following their use in veterinary medicine. Therapeutic failure of most levamisole boluses for the prevention and treatment of helminth infections have been a recurrent complaint from animal health workers and veterinarians in Nigeria. However, there is dearth of information on the quality of oral bolus formulations of levamisole for veterinary use in Nigeria. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to evaluate physical and dissolution properties of two generic products of levamisole boluses commonly used in large animal practice in Nigeria. Two frequently used generics of levamisole oral boluses for large animal practice (A & B) were evaluated for bolus weight uniformity, hardness, friability, disintegration and dissolution as specified in the United States Pharmacopoeia. The results demonstrated that generic B failed weight uniformity and friability tests, whereas generic A failed friability and disintegration tests. All the products passed dissolution profile test as specified. Consequently, the two products can be used interchangeably, however, generic B is recommended for treating acute enteric helminthosis because of its fast disintegration and dissolution rates as compared to generic A.