DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE AND ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT

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Journal of tropical forest resources
(1998) Ayodele, I.A.; Alarape A.A.
Essentials of wildlife management
(Jachin Publisher, 1999) Ayodele, I.A.; Ebin, C. O.; Alarape, A.A.
An introduction to animal behaviour
(2003) Alarape, A.A.; Ayodele, A.I
West African Fish and Wildlife
(Distance Learning Centre, 2003) Omitoyin, B.O.; Alarape, A.A.
Reconnaissance survey of the wildlife santuary of stubb's forest reserve, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria
(2004) Popoola, L.; Jimoh, S.O.; Alarape, A. A.
Urnal of Agriculture Food and Environment
(2005) Ijeomah, H.M.; Alarape, A.A.; Nwafor O.E
The study explored the impacts of Civil Crises in Plateau State on Wase Wildlife Park (WWLP), Nigeria. Data for the study were obtained through observations, interviews and structured questionnaires. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results revealed that Religion (62.5%), Politics (45.0%) and Tribalism (75.5%) were the causes of the crises. All the respondents indicated that the crises affected tourism; economically (72.5%) and politically (27.5%). Due to the crises most indigenes (92.5%) of Wase Local Government Council ran away. All the staff of WWLP escaped for safety and later were reposted to other parks in Plateau State by the Plateau State Tourism Corporation. WWLP was abandoned and forgotten with all the animal species exposed to the danger of being poached. Park facilities were looted (92.5%) and vandalized (5.0%). Wildlife resources including endangered species were threatened and wasted with tourism hampered. Annual revenue generation of WWLP through tourism declined from N294, 792.0 in the year 2001 to zero. Wase remains deserted. It is expedient that the Plateau State Government looks into the root causes of conflicts in the State to ensure that a long lasting solution is found as ecotourism cannot thrive where there is crises
Journal of Environmental Extention
(2005) Ijeomah, H. M.; Ayodele, L.A.; Alarape, A. A.; Edet, D. I.
The study explored the contributions of Jos Wildlife Park towards conservation edtf at'°n !" Plateau State, Nigeria. Data for the study were collected through observation, review o re , oral interview and structured questionnaires. Data obtained were analysed using escrip i statistics in the form of tables, frequency of counts and percentages. A total of 100 questionnaire were administered. Results showed that 90% and 9% of the respondents were students and teachers respectively. 44% and 31% became aware of the park through students and teachers respec ive y while 21% knew of the park through electronic media. 68% and/or 79% visited the park purpose y to see animals and learn respectively. 72% and 12% of the respondents indicated that° ^ e™'fnhg wildlife species and conservation lectures were the peak of their enjoyment in the park. 81 ^ o e respondents prefer being conducted round the park by tour guides to ensure that learning is incorporated. 94% of the respondents are willing to visit the park again. The study further showed that the number of educational visitors increased progressively from 3,844 in the year 1998 to 14,838 in the year 2001. Also, the study revealed that visitors who crave to observe and learn about endangered, threatened, rare and abundant species of wildlife and their environments flock the Jos Wildlife Park on daily basis. Suggestions on how to sustain continuous conservation education were made.
Breeding Potency And History Of Selected Animal Species in Jos Wildlfe Park
(2006) Ijeomah, H.M.; Alarape, A.A.; Adetoro A.O.
Anthropogenic activities have decimating implications on widlife population in the ecosystem. Breeding of wild animals in captivity was introduced as a way to safe species from extinction but this has posed some challenges. The study surveyed the breeding potency, trend, history and infant mortality of selected animal species in Jos Wildlife Park. Data for toe study were obtained through oral interviews, observations, review of records and structured questionnaires. 24 respondents were randomly sampled. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics in form of tables, percentages and frequency of counts. Results revealed that lion, Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758); leopard, Pantoera pardus(Unnaeus, 1758); pigmy hippopotamus, Choeropsis liberiensis (Morton, 1849); derby eland, Taurotragus derbianus (Gray, 1847); stripped hyaena, Hyaena hyaena(Linnaeus, 1758); Grimms duiker (Syhacapra grimmiaiinnaeus, 1758); Red-flanked duiker, CephaJophus rufilatus (Gray, 1846); and MaxwelFs duiker Cephatophus maxweffi (Smith, 1827); and Kob Kobus kob (Erxleben, 1777); Waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus (OgBby, 1833); and Red-fronted; gazelle, Gazella rufifrons (Gray, 1846) procured from different places have produced 17; 10; 8; 13; 24; 1; 6; 2; and 4 number of individuals respectively since inception of the park. The breeding of carnivores was between the years 1979 and 1993 with three infant mortalities. The pigmy hippopotamus, Choeropsis liberiensis bred between the years 1980 to 1992 with one infant mortality. The herbivores have been breeding almost on yearly basis with no infant mortality. Two leopards procured from the University of Ibadan did not breed. The only infant mortality recorded by toe leopard was due to cannibalism. Jos W iife Park has been breeefing, nurturing and distributing endangered, threatened, rare and abundant species of w M fe to several conservation centres in Nigeria suggestions to improve breeding of animal species were made.
Baseline ecological survey of the proposed permanent site of Emmanuel University, Ibadan
(2006) Emmanuel, U.I
The Potentials of Derby Eland ( Faurotragus dcrbianus) For Commercial Hush Meat Production In Jos Wildlife Park, Nigeria
(2008) Ijeomah,F. I.M; Alarape, A.A.; Ojo, V.A.
Most conservation centres in Nigeria are economically dependent on governmental and non governmental organizations for sponsorship as opportunities to generate revenues for conservation and the much needed protein for the growing population are being neglected and /or wasted This work focuses on the potentials of derby eland (Taurotragus derbiamis) Jor commercial bush meat production in Jos Wildlife Park. Nigeria. The data for this study were collected through observation, review of records and indepth interview of experienced wildlife officers. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results show that derby eland has a favourable breeding trend for commercial meal production in Jos wildlife Park. No infant mortality of the species was recorded in Jos wildlife Park between 1979 and 2005 The mortality of the species recorded in the Park were cases of an elderly cow that died during parturition and a bull that was called in 2005 Both dead individuals of the species lived up to 25 years which is the life span of derby eland in the wild Derby eland feeds on vegetation and feed supplement composed of maize, soybean and groundnut that are locally sourced and processed in Jos. It has good carcass quality dnd high dressing percentage Derby eland will be a sustainable source of lender and lean meat to the public because of the semi intensive management system it is subjected to, in Jos Wildlife Park The management, medication and suitability of derby eland for meat production were discussed
Impact of Agricultural Activities in Boundary Communities on Wildlife Management in the Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria
(2008) Wahab, M.K.A.; Alarape, A.A.; Ayodele, I.A
Structured questionnaire was administered in six (6) sampled communities at the boundary of Old Oyo National Park. The communities were purposely chosen due to their proximity to the park. The questionnaire was designed to collect information on the encroachment of agricultural activities on the park. A total of hundred and twenty (120) respondents were randomly selected and interviewed. The study revealed the inhabitants of the communities encroached on the park land for farming (100%) while the water bodies of the park and its banks are used for fishing purposes (86%). Also the boundary agriculture communities utilized the park by poaching on the wild animals and looping the trees to enhance hunting expedition during festivity periods in their communities. The respondents identified some species of fishes that spawn within the park water bodies, the most prevalent being Tilapia zilli, Clarias angualaris and Hemichromis faciatus and the least being Eutropius niloticus. The agricultural communities interacted with during the period of this survey did not support the total management of anti poaching control on the park resources, but agreed to selective control of the park resources to check the excessive fauna and flora loss through agricultural activities. The respondents identified some communities that most engaged in grazing their livestock within the park boundary communities, the most prevalent being Alaguntan (18%) and the least being Oloka (9%).
Maritl Characteristics of Household in Ecotourism Centres: The Case of Rural Tourism Development in Plateau State, Nigeria
(2009) Ijeomah, H.M.; Alarape, A.A.
Inadequate information on marital culture of communities adjoining ecotourism destinations has led to worrisome sexual exploitation and indirect introduction of sex tours in many communities . The study surveyed the marital culture of communities near ecotourism centres in Pleateu state with the view 410 sampled households distributed over ten communities in five functional tourism centres. Respondents indicated thet female household members in Aningo (83.34%), Naraguta (70.0%) and Pandam (62.22%) communities mostly marry when they are between 15 and 18 years old. Many respondents in Naraguta communties (57.50%) expect male household members to marry as early as from 19 to 22 years unlike in Dong, Gwut and Kabon where expected age of marriage from most men ranges between 23 to29 years as influenced by their bcloseness to Jos city. Most males are in constant search for hard working uneducated wives to sustain their farms while females continuously search for better economic condition. This results in high rate of polygamus, divorce and povert. Tests of relationship between marital culture and educational attainment among women using Chi square were all significant (P<0.05). Households from communities bordering pandam wildlife park are likely to be vulnerable to sexual exploitation during tourism boom; unless the educational level of the women is generally improved.
Waste products survey for identification and qualification of different wastes generated in Nigeria
(2009) Yusuf, S.A.; Omonona, B.T.; Oyekale, A.S.; Oni, O.A.; Akinbile, L.A.; Adewumi, M.K.; Alarape, A.A.
Assessment of Socio-Economic Activities and Sustainable Rural Development in Kainji -Lake National Park, Nigeria
(2010) Wahab, M. K. A.; Alarape, A. A.
Structured questionnaire was administered in five (5) sample communities around the boundary of Kainji lake National park .The villages were chosen at random due to their proximities to the park. The questionnaire was designed to collect information on the effective ways / pattern of managing a protected area and sustainable rural development .A total of one hundred (100) respondents were randomly selected and interviewed. The assessment observed that the inhabitants of the communities depend heavily on the park for a variety of natural resources 40% while their village livestock compete intensively for grazing (85%). The study revealed that the inhabitants of the villages or surrounding the parkland engaged in serious farming 90% while the inhabitant of some villages utilized the park for hunting.
Ecotourism Potentials of Plateau State, Nigeria: A Monitoring Survey
(2011) Ijeomah, H.M.; Abideen, A.A.; Augustine, U.O.
Endowment with natural attractive features is one of the important indicators of a successful development of ecotourism, as simulation of ecotourism potentials can signiﬁcantly affect patronage by making experience unnatural. This survey was conducted using oral interviews, group discussions, a reconnaissance survey and information obtained from administrative records of ecotourism institutions. The results obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and presented in the form of tables and a graph. The study revealed that Plateau State is endowed with potential packaged in many tourism centres, such as Pandam Wildlife Park, Jos Wildlife Park, Jos National Museum and Zoo, Wase Wildlife Park, Assop Falls, Naraguta Tourist Village, Rayﬁeld Resort, Pai River Game Reserve and Amurun Bird Sanctuary, and these are stocked with different tourism products. Some of the products include viewing game, wilderness tourism, bird watching, ﬁshing, and recreational and cultural tourism. On an annual basis, the Jos National Museum and Zoo recorded the highest number of tourists, about 300,000 in 2003, 2004 and 2007. A cumulative 424,252 tourists visited the surveyed ecotourism destinations of Plateau State in 2004, while 112,648 visited in 1998. December had a relatively high number of tourists throughout the period of the study. There was a progressive increase in the cumulative number of ecotourists from 1998 to 2004. These tourism potentials, if properly and fully harnessed, could make Plateau State and the various tourism centres ﬁnancially independent.
Quality evaluation of beef parties extended with cowpea [vigna unguiculata (L) walp] flour
(African Journals OnLine, 2011) Apata, E. S.; Akinjute, O. F.; Apata, O. C.; Okubanjo, A. O.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of beef patties extended with cowpea flour (CF). Lean beef (1kg) was used for this study. The surface fats and connective tissues were trimmed off the meat which was ground and used to prepare beef filling. Cowpea flour was incorporated into the dough to form the treatments viz: Treatment 0 = (Control) 0% CF inclusion. Treatment 1 = 10% CF inclusion. Treatment 2 = 20% CF inclusion. Treatment 3 = 30% CF inclusion, Treatment 4 = 40% CF inclusion and treatment 5 =50% CF inclusion. 50g of beef filling was incorporated into each dough which was cut and folded in half to seal off the beef filling completely within the dough. The patties was brushed with fresh egg albumen and baked in clean pans greased with margarine in the oven at 180˚C between 25 and 30mins. Physicochemical and sensory attributes of the beef patties were determined. The results showed that water holding capacity and thermal shortening increased (p<0.05) as the CF inclusion level increased while cooking loss reduced (p<0.05) at 30% CF inclusion and increased (p<0.05) between 40 and 50%. Cooking weld was higher (p<0.05) at 30% CF inclusion and decreased between 40 and 50%. The chemical attributes of beef patties extended with CF as well as colour, flavour, texture and overall acceptability scores were higher (p<0.05) at 30% inclusion level. It is suggested therefore, that beef patties could be extended with CF up to 30% for optimum physicochemical attributes and consumers acceptability.
The Role of Traditional Laws and Taboos in Wildlife Conservation in the Oban Hill Sector of Cross River National Park (CRNP), Nigeria
(2012) Saka, O.J.; Emmanuel, T.I.; Abideen, A.A.; Emeka, E. Obioha; Adesoji, A.A.
Efforts to integrate rural people into biodiversity conservation through community-based conservation programs is an old tradition. These efforts were largely based on economic incentives, with little or no attention given to the role of culture and traditions in building support for conservation. Although these strategies are useful in promoting conservation and local empowerment, they are still fragile. Scholars suggest that incorporation of traditional values which reflect locally important cultural practices of the people into the management of conservation areas in Africa will help in their successful conservation. There is a strong need to assess cultural practices; traditional laws and taboos of the people in protected areas, and how they have assisted conservation in the past. To understand how such practices could be strengthened and incorporated into natural resources management and conservation strategies, there is a need to have a general overview of existing practices. The study analyzes the ways in which cultural practices and value systems of the people of Oban Sector of Cross River National Park Nigeria, have aided conservation in the past and how such practices can be encouraged, strengthened and replicated for sustainable natural resources management in the study area and possibly proposed for adoption elsewhere. Ten cultural institutions and seven laws and taboos which regulate the use of resources were recorded in the area. These laws and taboos were respected by all indigenes. Eleven animal species were found to be forbidden by the people. Some of the tabooed animals were for spiritual reasons while some were for medicinal purposes. Every community had sacred forests, called Mgbe forest (Eten Mgbe) The social organizations in the area ensured that these taboos are obeyed. Presence of other tribes, new religions/westernization, use of modern hunting equipments and poverty pose a threat to the effectiveness of these taboos as a conservation tool. Adaptation of some aspects of these taboos may be valuable for wildlife conservation, particularly in protected areas.
Local depletion of two larger Duikers in the Oban Hills Region, Nigeria
(2012) Saka O. J.; Emmanuel T. I.; Abideen A. A.; Adesoji A. A.; Matthias W.
Across West and Central Africa, duikers are important for trade and consumption; their populations are expected to become depleted. Reliable data on their status are scanty in Nigeria. We assessed duiker populations in the Oban Sector of Cross River National Park through diurnal and nocturnal surveys along 32 transects of 2 km each. After 508-km survey effort, only Ogilby’s duiker (Cephalophus ogilbyi) and blue duiker (Philantomba monticola) were recorded. Using habitat as a covariate in modelling detection probability in DISTANCE 6.0, we estimated densities for the blue duiker ranging from 15.5 (95% CI: 7.8–30.9) in the core, 5.8 (CI: 2.6–12.9) in the buffer and 0.9 (CI: 0.09–10.1) km² in farm fallow to no duikers in the plantation. For Ogilby’s duiker, densities ranged from 1.6 (95% CI: 0.7–3.7) km² in the core, 2.0 (CI: 0.8–5.1) in buffer to no duikers in farm fallow and plantation. The apparent absence of yellow-backed and Bay duikers may indicate local depletion. We call on all stakeholders to rise up to the challenge of rescuing this biological hotspot in Nigeria from further degradation and species loss through improved funding for well-equipped ﬁeld staff and institutionalized community wildlife management.
Effects of seasoning on the chemical composition and sensory qualities of roasted pork meat
(2012) Ologbon, K. T.; Yangomodou, O. D.; Apata, O. C.; Okhiria, A. O.
The effect of seasoning on the chemical composition and sensory quality of Wasted pork meat was carried out in this study. Carcass of a slaughtered pig and other seasoning materials (Maggi Crayfish, Knorr Chicken, Ajinomoto, and Suppy Maggi) were purchased from Ayetoro market to conduct this nutritional test. Parameters determined under the proximate analysis were moisture Content, crude protein, ether extract (fat), crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate, and mineral (calcium, iron, phosphorous, potassium and sodium ions) using the routine procedures of digestion, distillation and titration. For the sensory quality determination, the spiced meat samples were given to fifteen (15) untrained panelists to test the samples for colour, aroma, taste texture overall acceptability using 9point hedonic scale. There was significant, difference in the mean value of the carbohydrate content. (%) for the six seasoned park samples at the 1% level of confidence (F-value - 29.533). The test of homogeneity of variance showed a significant difference in the equality of variance for carbohydrate content (%) for the six seasoned pork samples at the 1% level of confidence with a Levene Statistics (LS) value of 9.071. With respect to the physical qualities of the meat products (colour and texture), meat sample treated with Maggi crayfish + Pepper rated highest (5.60 and 7.73 respectively) and for the taste qualities (aroma and taste), meat sample treated with Suppy Maggi + Pepper scored 9.73. For overall acceptability, meal sample, treated with Knorr Chicken + Pepper was rated highest (7.33). It was recommended that treatment of pork meal with Maggi crayfish and Pepper should be encouraged to improve the physical qualities of the pork meat products (especially colour and texture) in the diets of men.
Influence of sex and processing methods on physicochemical and organoleptic quality of rabbit meat
(2012-08) Apata, E. S.; Koleosho, T. S.; Apata, O. C.; Okubanjo, A. O.
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of sex and processing (Cooking) methods on pysicochemical and organoleptic properties of rabbit meat. Thirty-two matured rabbits of different breeds (16 males and 16 females) were used for this study. The rabbits were purchased from Abeokuta and transported to Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, Ayetoro, where this study was conducted. The rabbits were rested for 2 weeks, starved for 16 h, then slaughtered and dressed conventionally. Their carcasses were assigned randomly to four cooking treatments viz: frying, broiling, roasting and stewing. 100 g of meat samples were excised from leg cuts of rabbit carcasses from each treatment and cooked for 20 min after which physical, chemical and sensory attributes of rabbit meat were determined. Data generated were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for completely randomized design with 4x2 factorial arrangement (P = 0.05). The results showed that cooking loss, thermal shortening and shear force values were higher (P < 0.05) in fried rabbit meat, while water holding capacity and cooking yield were higher (P < 0.05) in stewed rabbit meat. Moisture and protein contents were higher (P < 0.05) in stewed rabbit meat while, they were lower (P < 0.05) in fried rabbit meat. Meat from female rabbits had higher (P < 0.05) proximate component values except nitrogen free extract values that were higher (P < 0.05) in male rabbit meat. The results revealed that colour and flavour scores were higher (P < 0.05) in fried rabbit meat, followed by boiled ones also, fried rabbit meat were accepted more than broiled, roasted and stewed ones. Also, male rabbit meat was highly relished than female rabbit meat in this study. It was suggested therefore, that frying and broiling methods be employed, also male rabbits be preferred if rabbit meat is to be processed since fried and broiled rabbit meat as well as meat from male rabbits were accepted more than these from female rabbits, in this study.