Agricultural Economics

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ARE RURAL HOUSEHOLDS WILLING TO PAY FOR CLEAN ENERGY? EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH WEST NIGERIA
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu, 2017) Obayelu, O. A.; Raji, A. K.
Modern energy services such as electricity offer social, economic and health benefits, particularly for rural households that depend wholly and solely on traditional fuels. Insight into rural household preferences and willingness to pay for clean energy is a key variable for suppliers to become more competitive in the retail market and for government to design energy policies. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess consumers’ willingness to pay for renewable energy source(s) in Kajola Local Government Area of Oyo State. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to sample 200 household in the study area. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Likert scale and the logit model. Results showed that a majority of the respondents were willing to pay for improved hydro-electricity (71%) and solar lamps (58.5%) while about 13% and 27.5% of them were willing to pay for solar PV and biomass respectively. Further, the logit models revealed that bid, age, sex, marital status, household size, per capital expenditure and year of education were the prime drivers of respondents’ willingness to pay for clean energy. The respondents were willing to pay for clean energy source given that the prices were not too high.
Are small-scale poultry farmers aware of aflatoxin contaminants in feed in oyo state, nigeria?
(2022) Adepoju, A.; Obi, U.; Jerumeh, E.
Aflatoxins, feed contaminants formed by certain moulds occur naturally as feed and food impurities and have toxic consequences on both animals and humans. Earlier studies on aflatoxins in Nigeria did not consider small-scale poultry farmers’ awareness of feed contamination. Thus, this study examined the level of awareness of aflatoxins in poultry feed and its determinants. Descriptive Statistics and the Logistic Regression Model were the analytical tools employed to analyse data collected from field survey in 2019. One-third of the farmers were aware of aflatoxins in feed which depicts that the level of awareness of aflatoxin in feed by the poultry farmers in the study area is low. Years of education, primary occupation, farm-scale, years of farming experience, access to information from research institutions, and membership in cooperative societies were among the key determinants of the awareness of aflatoxin in feed by the farmers. Efforts should be geared towards increasing the level of awareness of the farmers on the highly toxic contaminant even when fed to poultry at non-fatal levels. Agricultural information highlighting the detrimental consequences of aflatoxin on the health and productivity of poultry and how to minimize aflatoxin contamination in feed should be made more accessible to all farmers.
Are Yam Farmers Aware and Willing to Adopt the Aeroponics Farming System in Oyo State, Nigeria?
(2021) Adepoju, A. O.; Olaseni, O. C.
Despite the immense returns of new agricultural technologies to increase agricultural productivity and meet rising food demand, there is a lag in the adoption of these technologies by farmers. The aeroponics system is one of such innovative technologies implemented for seed yam propagation. This study assessed the awareness and the determinants of the willingness of yam farmers to adopt the aeroponics farming system, employing the likert scale and the logit regression model. Results showed that more than three-fifths of the farmers had never heard of the aeroponics farming system but were willing to adopt it for yam and seed yam propagation, although high cost of capital required for adoption was a major constraint. Key determinants of farmers' awareness of the aeroponics system include gender, age, education, membership of cooperative society, monthly income and access to extension agent, while the main factors influencing its adoption were marital status, age, access to credit, membership of cooperative society, farm size and income. Efforts at dissemination of aeroponics farming system for increased productivity should be intensified for its effective adoption by the farmers.
Assessment of cassava supply response in Nigeria using vector error correction model (VECM)
(DEGRUYER OPEN, 2016) Obayelu, O. A.; Ebute, S.
The response of agricultural commodities to changes in price is an important factor in the success of any reform programme in agricultural sector of Nigeria. The producers of traditional agricultural commodities, such as cassava, face the world market directly. Consequently, the producer price of cassava has become unstable, which is a disincentive for both its production and trade. This study investigated cassava supply response to changes in price. Data collected from FAOSTAT from 1966 to 2010 were analysed using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach. The results of the VECM for the estimation of short run adjustment of the variables toward their long run relationship showed a linear deterministic trend in the data and that Area cultivated and own prices jointly explained 74% and 63% of the variation in the Nigeria cassava output in the short run and long-run respectively. Cassava prices (P< 0.001) and land cultivated (P<0.1) had positive influence on cassava supply in the short-run. The short-run price elasticity was 0.38 indicating that price policies were effective in the short-run promotion of cassava production in Nigeria. However, in the long-run elasticity cassava was not responsive to price incentives significantly. This suggests that price policies are not effective in the long-run promotion of cassava production in the country owing to instability in governance and government policies.
Assessment of poverty among urban farmers in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria
(2008) Yusuf S.A.; Adesanoye A. O; Awotide D. O
This study examined poverty status of urban farm households. The study was carried out in Ibadan metropolis. The data used for the study were obtained from well-structured questionnaires. 200 farming households were sampled from two local government areas within Ibadan metropolis. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics, poverty indices and logistics regression analysis. Results from the study showed that those engaged in crop farming have the highest poverty level (50%), while mixed farming households have poverty level of 37% and livestock, 17%. The estimated logistic regression equation showed that crop farming activity engaged in and household size increase the odd ratio of being poor while age of urban farmers, educational status, years of experience in farming and livestock farming decrease the odd ratio of being poor. Hence, mixed farming and livestock farming are antidote to reducing poverty among urban farmers
Awareness of Small Scale Farmers and Their Willingness to Adopt the Growth Enhancement Support (GES) Scheme In Oyo State, Nigeria
(2018) Adepoju A. O.; Aweda O; Obayelu O.A
Fertilizer and seeds have been recognized as two of the most critical farm inputs needed to enhance and sustain increased farm productivity in Nigeria. However, total fertilizer use remain far below the potential and economic demand. This study examined the awareness of small-scale farmers and their willingness to adopt the Growth Enhancement Support (GES) scheme. The scheme encourages the resource-constrained farmer and the critical actors in the fertilizer value chain, to work together to improve productivity, household food security and income. Data were obtained from 200 farmers, selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Probit and Logistic Regression models were employed for analysis. Results showed that most of the respondents were aware of the GES scheme as well as the type of farm inputs supported under the scheme. While factors such as years of farming experience (β= 0.078), farm size (β=1.648) and membership of farmers’ association (β=0.053) significantly influenced the level of awareness of the farmers about the scheme at 5 and 1% level of significance respectively, farmers’ willingness to adopt the scheme was influenced by land ownership (1%), access to subsidized inputs (1%) among others. Awareness and access to timely and relevant information about a scheme play a central role in the adoption decision process of small-scale farmers. To enhance the adoption of schemes such as the GES, there is the need for capacity building programmes as well as the identification of the key determinants of the willingness of smallscale farmers to adopt such schemes.
Awareness of Small Scale Farmers and Their Willingness to Adopt the Growth Enhancement Support (GES) Scheme In Oyo State, Nigeria
(2018) Adepoju A. O; Aweda O.; Obayelu O.A.
Fertilizer and seeds have been recognized as two of the most critical farm inputs needed to enhance and sustain increased farm productivity in Nigeria. However, total fertilizer use remain far below the potential and economic demand. This study examined the awareness of small-scale farmers and their willingness to adopt the Growth Enhancement Support (GES) scheme. The scheme encourages the resource-constrained farmer and the critical actors in the fertilizer value chain, to work together to improve productivity, household food security and income. Data were obtained from 200 farmers, selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Probit and Logistic Regression models were employed for analysis. Results showed that most of the respondents were aware of the GES scheme as well as the type of farm inputs supported under the scheme. While factors such as years of farming experience (β= 0.078), farm size (β=1.648) and membership of farmers’ association (β=0.053) significantly influenced the level of awareness of the farmers about the scheme at 5 and 1% level of significance respectively, farmers’ willingness to adopt the scheme was influenced by land ownership (1%), access to subsidized inputs (1%) among others. Awareness and access to timely and relevant information about a scheme play a central role in the adoption decision process of small-scale farmers. To enhance the adoption of schemes such as the GES, there is the need for capacity building programmes as well as the identification of the key determinants of the willingness of smallscale farmers to adopt such schemes.
Climatic impact on agricultural outputs in Nigeria
(2019-11) Adeagbo T.A.; Yusuf S.A.; Amao S.A.
Climate fluctuation is foretold to have unfavourable impact on the agriculture of the poorer parts of the world, especially the developing countries like Nigeria. In Nigeria, crop productions are mostly low-technology based, and therefore seriously sensitive to environmental factors. Climate variability is setting Nigeria’s agricultural system under unspeakable stress and threat. Research on the impact of climate variability on agricultural outputs is necessary because of its effects in changing standards of living trends in the nation. Descriptive statistics (tables) and co-integration analysis are the methods used to analyze the data explored in this research. The findings demonstrate that the rate of agricultural output (maize and rice) is fluctuating from 1971 to 2009. There were changes in the patterns of rainfall and relative humidity. Sunshine and temperature were not consistently steady also. The results indicate that all variables were stationary at their level. When the Augmented Dickey – Fuller (ADF) test was applied on their first difference terms, they were stationary. The results show that all variables included are integrated of order 1, which is 1(1). After assessing the univariate time – series attributes of the individual data series, then we turned to the next stage in the current system of estimation, that is the test for co-integration (necessary condition for the specification of error correction model). The results showed that changes in maize output were jointly explained by maize farm gate price, relative humidity, one-year lagged maize output, one-year lagged maize farm gate price and one-year lagged relative humidity. Changes in rice output were jointly explained by rice farm gate price, rainfall, temperature, one-year lagged rice output and one-year lagged rice farm gate price. Therefore, if agricultural output is to be increasingly sustained, agricultural methods that are resilient to climate fluctuations are needed, as are methods to mitigate the impact of climate variability in each agricultural zone.
Competitiveness of Jatropha Curcas Production in South-West Nigeria
(Infinity press, 2018) Adepoju, A. O.; Oloyede, O.M.
Nigeria still suffers enormous fuel and energy crises, manifesting in various forms, despite her position as Africa’s largest crude oil exporter. Thus, the development of new energy sources such as biofuels from the agricultural sector has been viewed as a way of expanding domestic energy supply, preventing increased dependence on imported oil, as well as diversifying the economy particularly in the face of falling oil prices. This draws attention to Jatropha curcas, an inedible hardy shrub, as a viable choice of feedstock for biodiesel. This study examined the competitiveness, comparative advantage and the effect of government policies on Jatropha curcas production in Southwest Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and the Policy Analysis Matrix were the analytical tools employed. Although the less than unity values of 0.0219 and 0.022 of the domestic resource cost and social cost-benefit ratio respectively, showed that the zone had comparative advantage in Jatropha curcas production, production was not economically profitable under existing government policies as revealed by the negative private profit of ₦587.4393/ton. The prevailing incentive structure also affected producers negatively and policy indicators were found to be sensitive to changes in the exchange rate. The study recommends the large-scale cultivation of the produce and the provision of incentives to producers to enhance the competitiveness of the commodity.
Consumers’ willingness to pay for labelled and certified moringa products in Ogun State, Nigeria
(2015) Obayelu, O. A.; Adeoti, A. I.; Akinlade, A. A.
Major resources are being committed to moringa products innovation and value added production, yet considerable uncertainties still exist regarding public perception of moringa products in terms of labelling and certification. Consequently, understanding consumers’ behaviour will be important if the impact of moringa products on nutrition is to be realized. This study therefore assessed consumers’ perceptions and attitude towards labelled and certified moringa products (tea, spice and oil) and also identified factors influencing their willingness to pay for these products in Ogun State Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed to elicit information from 150 randomly selected respondents within Abeokuta South and Abeokuta North Local Government Areas of Ogun State. Contingent valuation method was used to obtain premiums that consumers are willing to pay for labelled moringa products. Descriptive statistics and the logit regression model were used to analyse the data. Overall, attitude towards moringa products, attitude towards labelling and certification; current purchasing and consumption patterns significantly affected the respondents’ willingness to pay a premium for the labelled and certified moringa products.
Contribution of non-timber forest products (ntfps) utilization to the well-being of women: evidence from nigeria
(2021-10-02) Adepoju, A.O.; Adewale,A.A.; Jayeola, O.B.
This paper assessed the contribution of NTFPs to the well-being of women living in Ewekoro Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Logistic regression and Ordered Logistic regression models were used to assess the contribution of NTFPs to the well-being of 120 women in the study area. The mean age, monthly household income, distance of homestead to forest and homestead to the nearest market were 47 years, $144.4, 2.0km and 1.8km respectively while 70.5% of the women used NTFPs as food. The housing dimension had the highest index of 0.537 while the overall index of 0.491 indicates a moderate level of well-being for respondents. NTFPs utilization significantly increased with household income and primary occupation but decreased with increasing age, level of education, distance from homestead to forests, distance to the nearest market and access to credit. Women’s well-being increased with utilization of NFTPs, being married, distance from homestead to the nearest market and access to credit but decreased with the distance of homestead to the forest, association membership and income. It is recommended that agricultural advisory and extension services in terms of NTFPs collection and utilization be provided; unconditional cash transfers and other consumption smoothening aids should be provided; necessary road networks should be rehabilitated or constructed, this will enhance NTFPs utilization; credit access should be provided for rural women, and rural women should be mobilized to form and/or join associations. Given that, NTFPs utilization contributes to the well-being of women, policies and programs that will enhance women’s utilization of NTFPs should be put in place
Corporate governance and firm performance: case of selected oil companies in Nigeria
(2020-04) Ilemobayo, O.O.; Oke, M.A.; Yusuf, S.A.
Separating ownership from managerial control in publicly traded firms made corporate governance a matter of necessity, due to the possibility of principal agent problem. Mostly, managers protect their own self-interest without regard for shareholders’ returns on investment, this often lead to agency conflict and consequent loss. Previous studies have focused mainly on manufacturing and banking sector, however, paucity of information exists in areas of oil firms over the years. Hence, effect of corporate governance on performance of listed oil companies in Nigeria from 2009 to 2018 were investigated. Secondary data sourced from Nigeria stock exchange covering 2009 to 2018 were used to examine effect of corporate governance on performance of six oil companies in Nigeria. Data collected include; board size, executive directors’ number, non-executive directors’ number, audit committees’ number, net annual income, shareholders’ equity, net profit/margin, assets for the period, while board composition, return on assets and equity were generated. Data collected were analysed using Cross Sessional Random Effects Model (REM) of regression analysis. Unit root test indicated that all variables were stationary at level. Audit committee (0.803277), (4.363851) exhibited a positive relationship with firms’ performance, though insignificant, while board composition (-2.647377)(-2.647377) and board size (-0.546097) (-2.948961) had an inverse relationship, though significant with ROE and ROA. All the variables jointly influence firms’ performance positively with R2(0.587999,0.597182) and adjusted R2 (0.544499,0.584174) value, respectively. Audit committees enhances firms’ performance; all variables jointly improve firms’ performance. Measures should be put in place to increase audit committees independence and the extent to which they disclose corporate governance information
Correlates of food insecurity status of urban households in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo state, Nigeria
(2018) Adepoju, A.; Oyegoke, O.
Food insecurity is a daily reality for hundreds of millions of people around the world especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, the situation is alarming given the efforts made by independent, successive governments to achieve food security. This persistent food insecurity problem has been found to result mainly from unacceptably high levels of poverty, low priority for nutrition on the agenda of government and resulting poor funding. In addition, the high rate of urbanization in Nigeria has exacerbated the problem of urban food insecurity as urban dwellers contribute to an increasingly important share of the food insecure. In the light of this, the correlates of food insecurity of households in Ibadan Metropolis were examined using data collected from 150 representative households. Data obtained were analyzed employing descriptive statistics, food security index and the probit model. The estimated food insecurity line was 1948.82. Based on this, 29.3 percent of the households were classified as food insecure while 70.7 percent were classified as food secure. Econometric analysis revealed that asset ownership, tertiary educational status of the household head, household size and employment status of the household head were among the major determinants of household food insecurity in the study area. Efforts at improving urban food security should therefore take these factors into account. This could be through the targeting of vulnerable households for social protection measures that would strengthen their asset base among other measures.
Credit Constraints and Agricultural Productivity of Rural Households in Nigeria
(2019) Omolade, O. K.; Adepoju, A. O
This study, employing descriptive statistics and the Endogenous Switching Model, examined the link between credit constrained condition and agricultural productivity of rural households in Nigeria. Findings show that under credit constrained condition, education, labour, technology and other production inputs were not optimally utilized by the households. Credit constrained households had lower productivity than a random household from the sample would have had. However, in credit constrained households, being a male-headed household implied higher productivity. On the other hand, high value of assets and cost of hired labour had negative effects on productivity, while level of education and access to information had no significant effects. The study thus recommended intensification of efforts at ensuring the formulation of rural credit policies that will provide access to a reasonable amount of credit to rural households to secure required farm inputs, while formal credit institutions should diversify their loan scheme to incorporate different financial needs of the households.
Determinants of Agricultural Intensification in Southwest Nigeria
(2012) Oyekale, A.S.; Adepoju, A.O.
Declining agricultural production in many developing countries has prompted increased use of some inputs while continuous cropping prevails. This study analysed the factors promoting different forms of agricultural intensification in southwestern Nigeria. Data collected from randomly selected farmers in selected states in southwestern Nigeria were used. Results show that farmers from Osun State have the highest indices of intensification with respect to land use intensity, fertilizer use intensity and crop diversification. The censored regression showed that lost working days, use of fertilizers, crop rotation, and having more inherited land increased land use intensity while use of organic manure, minimum tillage and poverty reduced crop diversification index. Fertilizer use intensity increased with the use of minimum tillage and household size while hired and family labour use intensity increased with household size. It was recommended that in the face of increasing land degradation, farmers’ access to fertilizer must be increased and efforts to reduce their poverty level must be promoted, among others.
Determinants of child labour and schooling in rural northeastern Nigeria
(2008-09) Amao, I.O.; Oni, O.A.; Yusuf S.A.; Omonona, B.T.
Child labour interferes with proper schooling and negatively affects the pace of economic growth by preventing full realization of positive externalities associated with human capital formation. The study examined the determinants of child labour and schooling in rural northeastern Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 969 children. Information was collected on child, parent/household and community characteristics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty index and Multinomial Logit regression. Most (59.8%) of the children were Combining School with Work (CSW); boys (59.6%) were more involved in this activity than girls (45.6%). Girls (26.9%) were more involved in schooling only (SCH) than boys (17.8%). The regression results showed that a unit increase in the age of children reduced the probability of SCH (0.03) relative to Neither School Nor Work (NSNW) while it increased the probability of CSW and Working (WRK) (0.03 and 0.02) respectively. Being a boy increased the probability of CSW (0.13) and reduced that of SCH (0.09) relative to being in NSNW. Also, being a child of a non-poor household increases the probability of SCH (0.09) and reduces that of WRK (0.06) relative to NSNW. The determinants of child labour and schooling in northeastern Nigeria are age, sex, poverty status of households among others. Inessence, it is recommended that households should be encouraged to allow all children aged 5-14 years to participate in schooling in order to acquire the required 9 years of basic education as specified by the International Labour Organization.
Determinants of expected poverty among rural households in Nigeria
(2008-09) Oni, O.A.; Yusuf, S.A.
Vulnerability measures are becoming tools for evolving proactive steps to alleviate poverty. Against this backdrop, this study examined the determinants of expected poverty (a measure of vulnerability) among rural households in Nigeria. The data for the study were obtained from the merged General Household Survey (GHS) and the National Consumer Survey (NCS) of 1996. The cross-sectional data were augmented with certain covariate factors. The data were analysed using three-stage feasible generalized least squares (3FGLS). Both idiosyncratic and covariate factors affect the expected log per capita consumption of rural Nigerians. The overall expected poverty for the country at 0.535 is 1.02 times the observed poverty in 1996. Higher expected poverty is correlated with living in the North East, no formal education, farming, older head of household, large household size and male-headed household. The North East region has both lower mean per capital consumption and higher variance compared with other regions of the country. Consumption variance is highest for households whose heads have secondary education, while households whose heads have no formal education have the lowest mean expected consumption. Farming households have lower mean per capita consumption than non-farming households. Male-headed households have both lower mean consumption and higher consumption variance relative to their female-headed counterparts. Further, household heads below age 20 have the lowest mean consumption and the highest consumption variance. Households with more than ten members have very low mean consumption and very high consumption variance. Depending on whether there is low mean consumption or higher consumption variance or both, policy strategies suitable for the different groups will vary from increased mean per capita consumption to consumption smoothening or both.
Determinants of Food Security Status of Rural Households Living With HIV/AIDS in Southwestern Nigeria
(2007) Adenegan, K.O.; Adewusi O.A.
The study assessed the determinants of food security status of households living with HIV/AIDS in Southwestern Nigeria. Eighty-five people living with HIV/AIDS were interviewed for the study. Descriptive statistics, cost of calorie measure and the Logit model were used in analyzing the data collected. The result shows that there is high prevalence of food insecurity among the households living with HIV/AIDS. The result of the Logit model also shows that gender, education, monthly food intake (Kcal), total monthly income, drug share and food share significantly influence the food security status of the households living with HIV/AIDS. To improve the food security status of households living with HIV/AIDS, it is recommended that economic policy should be directed towards the reduction of the food prices, thus reducing the food share of the household monthly expenditure (Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 10: 9 – 18, January 2007)
Determinants of land management practices among food crop farmers in north central Nigeria
(2015) Agboola, W.L.; Yusuf, S.A.; Oyekale, A.S.; Salman, K.K.
The study examines the factors influencing the use of Land Management practices among food crop farmers in North central, Nigeria. In so doing, Data were collected using a multistage sampling technique for the selection of states, local governments, communities/ villages and lastly farming household heads. Out of 400 questionnaire administered, only 345 with useful information were used for the analyses. Factors influencing the use of land management and conservation practices by the farming household head were determined using multinomial logit model. Variables that significantly explain the use across different land management practices at different levels of significance were age of household head, levels of education, household size, value of livestock owned, off farm income, tenancy security, farm size, distance from plot to residence, distance from plot to the nearest market and distance from plot to all weathered road. Findings emanating from this study show that both traditional and modern land management practices coexist with the sampled household head giving multiple responses to their use. Classification under a particular land management practices implies the one that the household head has preference for, the determinants of which are combination of human, physical and financial capitals, others include parcel/ plot level factor as well as institutional factors.
Determinants of on-farm cassava biodiversity in Ogun State, Nigeria
(Taylor & Francis, 2015) Obayelu, O.A.; Akintundea, O.O.; Obayelu, A.E.
Global food security depends on agro-biodiversity. However, an enormous quantum of genetic diversity of agricultural crops has been lost over the last century, and this implies vulnerability, increased economic risks, reduced food security, loss of resources for future adaptation as well as reduced and unsustainable agricultural growth opportunities. This study examined the determinants of on-farm cassava biodiversity in Ogun State, Nigeria. We profiled cassava biodiversity indices of farmers in the state according to Margalef, Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, and identified factors influencing cassava biodiversity. Data collected from 160 cassava farming households using a multistage sampling procedure were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Poisson regression and Tobit regression models. Farmers’ experience had a positive relationship with their on-farm cassava biodiversity (p < 0.1). The arable land size controlled by the farmer was positively related to Margalef (p < 0.01), Shannon (p < 0.05) and Simpson (p < 0.01) indices. However, the land squared variable was negatively related to Margalef (p < 0.01), Shannon (p < 0.05) and Simpson (p < 0.01) indices. It was recommended that appropriate agricultural land reforms should be incorporated into the agricultural transformation agenda as a key to fostering on-farm cassava biodiversity.