Agricultural Economics

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Technical Efficiency of Poultry Egg Production in Ogun State: A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach
(2007) Yusuf, S.A.; Malomo, O.
The study examines the technical efficiency of poultry egg production in Ogun state using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and OLS regression. The data for the study were collected with the use of well-structured questionnaires from poultry farmers. Average number of birds for small farm size is 301, for medium farm size is 740, while that of large size is 2288. The corresponding net returns were x 589, x 464.46 and x 739.56 per bird per farm respectively. Majority of the farmers are relatively technical efficient in their use of resources, with mean technical efficient being 0.873. Farmers with large farm size are most technical efficient with a mean of 0.8877 followed by medium farm size with a mean of 0.8687 while small farm size has the least mean of 0.8638. The mean input slack for stock, labour and feed are 3.032, 8.942, 0.482 respectively, while the output slack is zero. Years of experience and education have positive effect on technical efficiency at 1 percent while household size negatively affects efficiency at 1 percent. The study concluded that poultry egg production is profitable in the study area and that majority of the farmers are relatively efficient
Determinants of Selected Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria: An Ecm Approach
(2007) Yusuf, S.A.; Yusuf, W.A
This study examines the factors that determine the export performance of three major agricultural exportable commodities of cocoa, rubber and palm-kernel in the context of liberalization. Using time series data covering thirty-three years and to avoid spurious result, error correction model was applied in the analysis. The unit root test is in line with the a priori expectation that macroeconomic variables are not stationary at their level. Virtually all the variables tested were differenced once before attaining stationarity. Each of the three equations indicated that the dependent variables cointegrated with their arguments at 1 percent level. There is the existence of short term and long term equilibrium relationships between the dependent variables and their determinants. The results of the parsimonious error correction specifications showed that the previous year’s output and the net value of world trade negatively affect cocoa exports at 1 percent level while the previous year’s GDP positively contributes to cocoa exports at 5 percent. The lagged price ratio reduces rubber exports significantly at 5 percent but the real exchange rate significantly increases the export performance of rubber at 10 percent level. The previous year’s exports of palm kernel and the real GDP contributed positively to palm-kernel exports at 5 percent level while the lagged premium and palm kernel output negatively contributed to its export at 5 percent and 10 percent respectively. Promotion of agricultural exports is essential to reduce the burden of dependence on oil exports
Determinants of expected poverty among rural households in Nigeria
(2008-09) Oni, O.A.; Yusuf, S.A.
Vulnerability measures are becoming tools for evolving proactive steps to alleviate poverty. Against this backdrop, this study examined the determinants of expected poverty (a measure of vulnerability) among rural households in Nigeria. The data for the study were obtained from the merged General Household Survey (GHS) and the National Consumer Survey (NCS) of 1996. The cross-sectional data were augmented with certain covariate factors. The data were analysed using three-stage feasible generalized least squares (3FGLS). Both idiosyncratic and covariate factors affect the expected log per capita consumption of rural Nigerians. The overall expected poverty for the country at 0.535 is 1.02 times the observed poverty in 1996. Higher expected poverty is correlated with living in the North East, no formal education, farming, older head of household, large household size and male-headed household. The North East region has both lower mean per capital consumption and higher variance compared with other regions of the country. Consumption variance is highest for households whose heads have secondary education, while households whose heads have no formal education have the lowest mean expected consumption. Farming households have lower mean per capita consumption than non-farming households. Male-headed households have both lower mean consumption and higher consumption variance relative to their female-headed counterparts. Further, household heads below age 20 have the lowest mean consumption and the highest consumption variance. Households with more than ten members have very low mean consumption and very high consumption variance. Depending on whether there is low mean consumption or higher consumption variance or both, policy strategies suitable for the different groups will vary from increased mean per capita consumption to consumption smoothening or both.

Agricultural Economics

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