Agricultural Economics

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Start date: 2000End date: 2009

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 11
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    Technical Efficiency of Poultry Egg Production in Ogun State: A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach
    (2007) Yusuf, S.A.; Malomo, O.
    The study examines the technical efficiency of poultry egg production in Ogun state using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and OLS regression. The data for the study were collected with the use of well-structured questionnaires from poultry farmers. Average number of birds for small farm size is 301, for medium farm size is 740, while that of large size is 2288. The corresponding net returns were x 589, x 464.46 and x 739.56 per bird per farm respectively. Majority of the farmers are relatively technical efficient in their use of resources, with mean technical efficient being 0.873. Farmers with large farm size are most technical efficient with a mean of 0.8877 followed by medium farm size with a mean of 0.8687 while small farm size has the least mean of 0.8638. The mean input slack for stock, labour and feed are 3.032, 8.942, 0.482 respectively, while the output slack is zero. Years of experience and education have positive effect on technical efficiency at 1 percent while household size negatively affects efficiency at 1 percent. The study concluded that poultry egg production is profitable in the study area and that majority of the farmers are relatively efficient
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    Household energy choice relationships and determinants in Nigeria
    (2002) Hamzat, O.I; Akin-Olagunju, O.A; Yusuf, W.A; Yusuf, S.A
    In many developing countries, efforts are being made to encourage more efficient energy choices to lessen adverse effects on health and the environment. This study examined the relationship among fuel options and assessed the determinants of household energy choices for Ibadan, Nigeria. Data collected from 180 respondents using multistage sampling procedure were analysed with bivariate probit and logit regression models. Firewood and charcoal were found to be in use as substitute cooking fuels to LPG while electricity was used as its complement. Improved economic state of households was associated with the use of clean energy sources. Households with large number of members had to settle for less clean fuel types because of low per capita resource availability while education assisted in making better fuel choices for cooking. The study recommends policies aimed at growing national income and improving citizens’ welfare. Education-for-all campaigns should be intensified and national education projects scaled up for improved access. Rural areas also need targeted development so that the inhabitants can seek alternatives to traditional fuels
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    Forecasting Mango and Citrus Production in Nigeria: A Trend analysis
    (2007) Yusuf, S.A; Salau, A.S
    This paper provides the prediction of future production of citrus and mango in the medium term up to 2010. The prediction was based on the assumptions that past trends (area planted and yield) and existence of normal weather pattern will hold. Time trend model with specific emphasis on growth model was employed. The analysis delineated three different eras (period between 1961and 2003, 1986 – 2003, and 1991-2003). These eras were used to simulate the different policy regimes of Regulation, Structural Adjustment era and Liberalization era. In general, output of citrus and mango maintained upward trend over the years. However, the growth rate was highest for the era including Structural Adjustment. Following from this, output predictions over the medium term are highest for the analysis with Structural Adjustment era
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    Effects of Social Capital on Rural Poverty in Nigeria
    (2007) Okunmadewa,F.Y; Yusuf, S.A; Omonona B.T
    Against the backdrop of increasing focus on the use of Local Level Institutions (LLIs) in addressing poverty and the growing literature on impact of social capital on welfare and poverty, this study provides empirical evidence for Nigeria. The study focuses on households’ memberships in LLIs using primary data from 587 households in 6 participating pilot states under the World Bank’s assisted Community-based Poverty Reduction Project (CPRP). Six measures of social capital were identified. These are density of membership, internal heterogeneity of associations, meeting attendance, payment of membership due, labor contribution and decision making. The study reveals that an average household size of 9 participates in at least 3 LLIs. Further, internal heterogeneity reveals some level of diversity in each group while meeting attendance index averaged about 60% for all participating members of households. An average of N4, 254.90 membership due and 43 days of labour are contributed by households to LLIs. The basic data from the study indicate that households with higher social capital are less poor using different dimensions of poverty. The study shows that while a unit increase in household size tend to aggravate poverty by 3.1%, one extra year of educational attainment reduces the extent of poverty by 1.6%. The level of heterogeneity of the associations, meeting attendance index, cash contribution score and the labour contribution score are the key social capital dimensions with dampening effect on poverty, in the order listed, a unit change in each of these dimensions of social capital leads to 0.85, 1.2, 0.82 and 0.3%, respectively. The findings of this study support recent emphasis on investing in social capital. In addition, it has been shown that investments in LLIs need to be part of poverty alleviation programmes
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    Determinants of traditional agricultural exports in Nigeria: an application of cointegration and correction model
    (2003) Okoruwa V.O.; Ogundare, G.O; Yusuf, S.A
    The study aimed to derive estimates of factors influencing Nigeria’s agricultural exports to five principal countries - United States, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany, and France, with the aid of error correction representation procedures. The analysis was carried out with the data collected on Nigeria primary exports - cocoa, palm kernel, and rubber, over 38 years (1960 - 1997). Agricultural commodity exports to the selected countries were influenced by the domestic output, population growth, quantity supplied by competing countries, index of industrial production of importing countries, and time trend. However, the domestic output and population growth rate were the most significant factors influencing agricultural exports in the importing countries. In addition, there is high feedback captured by the coefficients of the error correction mechanism. There seems to be an instantaneous change in the short-run equilibrium to long-run equilibrium values of agricultural exports as a result of policy changes in the regressors. Efforts to boost agricultural exports from Nigeria will need to incorporate policy measures to improve producer prices, enhance the quality of the products, and ensure timely exports of the commodities, especially those with a positive relationship between the index of industrial production of importing countries and Nigeria’s exports. With short-run policy changes by the importing countries, the rate of response by Nigerian producers through exports will be almost spontaneous, as indicated by the coefficient of the error correction mechanism ECM (-1).
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    Determinants of Selected Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria: An Ecm Approach
    (2007) Yusuf, S.A.; Yusuf, W.A
    This study examines the factors that determine the export performance of three major agricultural exportable commodities of cocoa, rubber and palm-kernel in the context of liberalization. Using time series data covering thirty-three years and to avoid spurious result, error correction model was applied in the analysis. The unit root test is in line with the a priori expectation that macroeconomic variables are not stationary at their level. Virtually all the variables tested were differenced once before attaining stationarity. Each of the three equations indicated that the dependent variables cointegrated with their arguments at 1 percent level. There is the existence of short term and long term equilibrium relationships between the dependent variables and their determinants. The results of the parsimonious error correction specifications showed that the previous year’s output and the net value of world trade negatively affect cocoa exports at 1 percent level while the previous year’s GDP positively contributes to cocoa exports at 5 percent. The lagged price ratio reduces rubber exports significantly at 5 percent but the real exchange rate significantly increases the export performance of rubber at 10 percent level. The previous year’s exports of palm kernel and the real GDP contributed positively to palm-kernel exports at 5 percent level while the lagged premium and palm kernel output negatively contributed to its export at 5 percent and 10 percent respectively. Promotion of agricultural exports is essential to reduce the burden of dependence on oil exports
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    Determinants of child labour and schooling in rural northeastern Nigeria
    (2008-09) Amao, I.O.; Oni, O.A.; Yusuf S.A.; Omonona, B.T.
    Child labour interferes with proper schooling and negatively affects the pace of economic growth by preventing full realization of positive externalities associated with human capital formation. The study examined the determinants of child labour and schooling in rural northeastern Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 969 children. Information was collected on child, parent/household and community characteristics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty index and Multinomial Logit regression. Most (59.8%) of the children were Combining School with Work (CSW); boys (59.6%) were more involved in this activity than girls (45.6%). Girls (26.9%) were more involved in schooling only (SCH) than boys (17.8%). The regression results showed that a unit increase in the age of children reduced the probability of SCH (0.03) relative to Neither School Nor Work (NSNW) while it increased the probability of CSW and Working (WRK) (0.03 and 0.02) respectively. Being a boy increased the probability of CSW (0.13) and reduced that of SCH (0.09) relative to being in NSNW. Also, being a child of a non-poor household increases the probability of SCH (0.09) and reduces that of WRK (0.06) relative to NSNW. The determinants of child labour and schooling in northeastern Nigeria are age, sex, poverty status of households among others. Inessence, it is recommended that households should be encouraged to allow all children aged 5-14 years to participate in schooling in order to acquire the required 9 years of basic education as specified by the International Labour Organization.
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    Determinants of expected poverty among rural households in Nigeria
    (2008-09) Oni, O.A.; Yusuf, S.A.
    Vulnerability measures are becoming tools for evolving proactive steps to alleviate poverty. Against this backdrop, this study examined the determinants of expected poverty (a measure of vulnerability) among rural households in Nigeria. The data for the study were obtained from the merged General Household Survey (GHS) and the National Consumer Survey (NCS) of 1996. The cross-sectional data were augmented with certain covariate factors. The data were analysed using three-stage feasible generalized least squares (3FGLS). Both idiosyncratic and covariate factors affect the expected log per capita consumption of rural Nigerians. The overall expected poverty for the country at 0.535 is 1.02 times the observed poverty in 1996. Higher expected poverty is correlated with living in the North East, no formal education, farming, older head of household, large household size and male-headed household. The North East region has both lower mean per capital consumption and higher variance compared with other regions of the country. Consumption variance is highest for households whose heads have secondary education, while households whose heads have no formal education have the lowest mean expected consumption. Farming households have lower mean per capita consumption than non-farming households. Male-headed households have both lower mean consumption and higher consumption variance relative to their female-headed counterparts. Further, household heads below age 20 have the lowest mean consumption and the highest consumption variance. Households with more than ten members have very low mean consumption and very high consumption variance. Depending on whether there is low mean consumption or higher consumption variance or both, policy strategies suitable for the different groups will vary from increased mean per capita consumption to consumption smoothening or both.
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    Assessment of poverty among urban farmers in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria
    (2008) Yusuf S.A.; Adesanoye A. O; Awotide D. O
    This study examined poverty status of urban farm households. The study was carried out in Ibadan metropolis. The data used for the study were obtained from well-structured questionnaires. 200 farming households were sampled from two local government areas within Ibadan metropolis. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics, poverty indices and logistics regression analysis. Results from the study showed that those engaged in crop farming have the highest poverty level (50%), while mixed farming households have poverty level of 37% and livestock, 17%. The estimated logistic regression equation showed that crop farming activity engaged in and household size increase the odd ratio of being poor while age of urban farmers, educational status, years of experience in farming and livestock farming decrease the odd ratio of being poor. Hence, mixed farming and livestock farming are antidote to reducing poverty among urban farmers
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    Determinants of Food Security Status of Rural Households Living With HIV/AIDS in Southwestern Nigeria
    (2007) Adenegan, K.O.; Adewusi O.A.
    The study assessed the determinants of food security status of households living with HIV/AIDS in Southwestern Nigeria. Eighty-five people living with HIV/AIDS were interviewed for the study. Descriptive statistics, cost of calorie measure and the Logit model were used in analyzing the data collected. The result shows that there is high prevalence of food insecurity among the households living with HIV/AIDS. The result of the Logit model also shows that gender, education, monthly food intake (Kcal), total monthly income, drug share and food share significantly influence the food security status of the households living with HIV/AIDS. To improve the food security status of households living with HIV/AIDS, it is recommended that economic policy should be directed towards the reduction of the food prices, thus reducing the food share of the household monthly expenditure (Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 10: 9 – 18, January 2007)