Archaeology & Anthropology
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Item “You will not mourn your children”: spirituality and child health in Ibadan Urban Markets.(Springer, 2020) Omobowale, M.O.The urban Ibadan market is not only important for its economic value, but also for its representation of the worldview of the Yoruba people of South-Western Nigeria. Yoruba urban markets are adorned with different spiritualists who also earn their livelihood in the market space. Hence, through the employment of observations and in-depth interviews, the study examines how spirituality shapes child health and mothers’ health seeking behaviours in Ibadan urban markets.Item Wildlife market and predisposition to zoonotic disease in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria.(Society for Public Health Professionals of Nigeria (SPHPN), 2020) Omonona, A. O.; Jubril, A. J.; Salami, K. K.; Coker, O. M.; Olumide, A. O.; Omobowale, M. O.; Azeez, A.; Adetuga, A. T.; Ayegboyin, M.; Oyetunde, O. I.Background: Recent cases of global epidemics rooted in zoonotic diseases' transmission engendered the exploration of wildlife beliefs and practices toward disease transmission among vendors in wildlife markets. Objectives: The study explored the wildlife market practices in order to understand how the markets, attitudes and behaviours of traders can potentially influence the transmission of zoonotic diseases in Nigeria. Methods: The study employed a qualitative research method, involving non-participant observation and interviews of 22 consented vendors from five wildlife markers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Results: Wildlife vendors were neither grounded about animal-human transmission of diseases, nor hardly suspected their stock as a route or gateway for zoonoses' transmission to humans. They also embraced metaphysical explanation of disease aetiology among them. Conclusion: Holistic and culturally-designed sensitisation about zoonoses targeting the wildlife vendors could facilitate the adoption of healthy practices when handling wildlife among them.Item Alcoholic Herbal Products and Health of Peasant Adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria(Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2020) Akpabio, O. E.; Omobowale, M. O.The proliferation of alcoholic herbal products (bitters, branded herbal beers and locally- produced herbal drinks) in the Nigerian public space and a corresponding high consumption rate among peasant1 adolescents has generated public health interest in recent times partly because of its associated increased social and health problems especially among young adults. However, while concerted efforts have been made to reduce alcohol consumption especially among adolescents, herbal alcohol use still remains a major problem in this group. Therefore, this article explores factors that promote utilization of alcoholic herbal drinks, perceived benefits and possible consequences associated with it. Qualitative method of data collection was adopted; In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 users (aged 15-19 years) and 12 vendors (aged 20-35 years) of herbal alcohol in purposively selected sites. Data were analyzed following the principles of theme identification and content analysis. Three themes identified were; drivers, benefits and likely consequences of herbal alcohol consumption and were found to operate through a system of normative behaviour, beliefs and experiences. The drivers of normative behaviour were: (sub) Cultural acceptance, as implied in the local and customized names used in the advert and promotion of herbal alcohol consumption which are blended in indigenous symbolic understandings; the relative availability, consumer purchasing power as well as functionality. The perceived benefits identified by users included sexual enhancement, treatments/cure for myriad of diseases and also recreation/sociation. The health and social consequences associated with misuse of alcoholic herbal products were largely neglected by both users and vendors. These have public health implications on the peasant adolescents, thus of significant interest to public health practitioners and policy-makers.Item The covid-19 pandemic and everyday life: the relations of lockdown, social distancing, face masking, discreet salutation and hand hygiene in Nigeria(Serbian Sociological Association, Belgrade, 2020) Omobowale, A. O.; Falase, O. S.; Oyelade, O. K.; Omobowale, M. OThis paper provides a contextual discourse on the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent reality of taken-for-granted nuances using the epistemology of everyday sociology. The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global disease that has virtually affected all facets of life. Nigerian government has moved swiftly to curb the pandemic through containment protocols of lockdown, social distancing, face masking, discreet salutation and hand hygiene. As social actors continue to interact amid the pandemic, they construct and reconstruct the world around them through the social interpretations and contextual meanings derived from these containment protocols. The taken-for-granted nuances and meanings embedded in these micro interpretations allow social actors to take interpretive actions based on the meanings attached to COVID-19 pandemic and the containment protocols.Item Contextual reflections on COVID-19 and informal workers in Nigeria(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020) Omobowale, A. O.; Oyelade, O. K.; Omobowale, M. O.; Falase, O. S.Purpose – The index case of COVID-19 in Nigeria was reported on 27 February 2020. Subsequently, the exponential increase in cases has brought about the partial and total lockdown of cities, the closure of all schools and the shutdown of government offices in order to curtail the spread of COVID-19. COVID-19 and its subsequent drastic curtailment policies have implications on vulnerable groups, especially, informal workers who constitute about 70% of the active working population in Nigeria. This reflective discourse critically engages the plight of informal workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – The research was guided by the epistemology of pandemic interpretationism. It engages contextual reflections of the plight of economically vulnerable informal workers in Nigeria. Data were collected from secondary sources while rapid case studies were conducted with ten informal workers in Lagos and Ibadan. Afterwards, data were contextually analysed. Findings – Economically vulnerable informal workers in Nigeria have contextually interpreted COVID-19 as an elite disease, imported into Nigeria by the wealthy. In addition, the mass population views COVID-19 containment measures such as lockdowns, movement restrictions and stay-at-home orders as elitist policies, which are aimed at protecting the wealthy and frustrating the poor and economically vulnerable who live on the fringes of poverty. Many informal workers have slipped below the poverty line while struggling to supply livelihood needs, as they were unable to earn daily income and cannot access palliatives. Consequently, they are of the opinion that “Hunger Virus is deadlier than Corona Virus”. Originality/value – This paper is a contextual reflection on the plight of economically vulnerable informal workers during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and movement restrictions in Nigeria. It presents pandemic interpretationism as an epistemological guide and reflectively examines the poverty impact of COVID-19 on the Nigerian informal sector via contextual analyses of secondary data and rapid case studies. The paper uncovers various COVID-19 livelihood experiences and the responses of the informal workers; furthermore, it provides policy recommendations.Item Masculinity and neighbourhood bullying among adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria- a research note(Berghahn Journals, 2019) Omobowale, M. O.; Akpabio, O. E.; Amodu, O. KMasculinity, as an identity signifier along gender lines, varies from one society to another. The nature, definition, and expression of masculinity (dominance, oppression, violence, and aggression) through social interactions may breed bullying, as found in the Agbowo community of Ibadan, Nigeria. The data for the study were collected through mixed methods and revealed that patriarchal constructed masculinity allows for hegemonic dominance, aggression, oppression, and violent acts that foster bullying among adolescent males in Agbowo. Hence, to address bullying-related problems among adolescents, an understanding of the societal context in which it is carried out is required.Item Class, gender, sexuality and leadership in Bodija Market, Ibadan, Nigeria.(University of New Mexico, 2019) Omobowale, M. O.Bodija market is the largest informal foodstuff market in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. At its inception in the 1980s, leadership of the market space followed long-standing Yoruba tradition, prioritizing the role of older women. This pattern of leadership continued until the mid-1990s, when former government workers, laid off upon implementation of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), moved into the market as traders and eventually as the leaders and market “technocrats.” As a consequence of this, the market women who had held informally recognized leadership positions were sidelined. This development also redefined class within the market structure. The new leaders have impacted the market administration by incorporating symbols of elitism in their leadership style.Item Oju and Inu: solidarity in the informal market space in Ibadan, Nigeria.(SAGE Publications, 2019) Omobowale, M. O.; Omobowale, A. O.Informal markets provide employment for a large spectrum of Nigerians. These markets provide access to livelihood for those willing to work within the market environment and operate within its rules. A major normative value, which also spells out the ethics in the informal market space, is solidarity-in-completion. Indeed, traders are in competition, but they also solidarize for individual and market progress. This article examines the context of solidarity in informal markets in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study was guided by the Asuwada theory of sociation, which explains the context of solidarity as ethical in traditional societies. Qualitative data were collected through 12 key informant interviews, 60 in-depth interviews, six focus group discussion sessions, and 12 case studies. Access to space and retention of such space in the market is structured by the local contexts of oju and inu relations that determine and contextualize solidarity, and normative solidarity regulates competition among traders.Item Malaria preventive measures used by parents of under five years’ children in Ibadan Urban Markets, Nigeria.(Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Omobowale, M.O.; Ademola, S. A.; Amodu, O. K.Malaria remains a major public health issue, especially among children in Nigeria. Children are an important group that should be targeted for malaria control. This study, therefore, examined the contextual interpretation and understanding of malaria, existing means of malaria prevention, treatment, and acceptability of chemoprevention among parents, guardians and grandparents of under-5 years children in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study employed qualitative methodology, through the use of observation and in-depth interviews. Two popular markets were purposively selected for the study. In all, 32 in-depth interviews were conducted. Data were coded and sorted with Atlas-ti, and subjected to content analysis. All respondents identified that malaria is caused and spread by the bite of infected mosquitos. Malaria preventive strategies used by parents in Ibadan includes use of long lasting insecticide treated net (LLIN), insecticides, insect repellant cream and herbal malaria mixture (agumu iba) used as prophylaxis. All informants mentioned frequent indoor use of either otapiapia, (a mixture of carbide, gammaline 20 organochloride insecticide, and diesel) and undiluted Sniper (a DDVP chemical family, 2, 2-dichloro vinyl dimethyl phosphate, an outdoor insecticide/miticide that should be diluted with water when used for outside fumigation) as an effective means to preventing mosquito/malaria. All were accepting of the introduction of new ways of preventing malaria such as chemo-preventive malaria drugs for children. The study showed that there is urgent need for awareness campaign on the harmful effects of DDVP chemical family misuse in Ibadan.Item The context of children in Yoruba popular culture(SAGE Publications, 2019) Omobowale, A. O.; Omobowale, M. O.; Falase, O. S.The Yoruba of Southwestern Nigeria describes children as the heritage of the society because children occupy a special place in societal survival and continuity. Children are esteemed and appreciated. Thus, the embedded culture propagates the essentiality of children, the need for proper socialisation and internalisation to make a responsible being (Omoluabi). Also, children are prioritised above material wealth, and the essentiality of child wellbeing and education is emphasised in aspects of popular culture such as oral poetry, proverbs, local songs and popular music among others. Using extant elements of Yoruba popular culture which have remained dominant, this article contextually examines the value of children among the Yoruba