Archaeology & Anthropology

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Hospitality and tourism development in cross River State, Nigeria: a case study of Obudu mountain resort
(Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies Faculty of Arts, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2019) Ukpokolo, C.; Folorunso, O. S.
Over the past decades, tourism has experienced continued expansion and diversification, becoming one of the largest and fastest-growing economic sectors in the world. Many new destinations have emerged, challenging the traditional ones in Europe and North America. The continuous growth of the international tourism market makes it significantly more competitive than ever and raises the need to prioritise the development of hospitality facilities to ensure tourists’ comfortability at various tourism destinations. This article examines the hospitality’ facilities at Obudu Mountain Resort, Cross River State, Nigeria with a view to establishing the extent to which they contribute to tourists' comfortability and subsequently tourism development in Cross River State, Nigeria. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used. Findings were analysed using descriptive statistical tools of frequency> counts, simple percentages and tables for quantitative data while qualitative data were analysed descriptively. The article established that hospitality facilities such as the canopy walk way, the cable car, the landscape, well-equipped mountain villas, coupled with the serene environment and unique climatic condition at the resort provide complete touristic experience for the tourists. Majority of the respondents are of the opinion that these facilities contribute the most to their decision to choose the resort for holiday. To ensure the sustainability of these facilities, the state government outsourced the maintenance of some of these facilities. This management strategy ensures sustainability of the resort and their continuous patronage by tourists. The article concludes that hospitality facilities when managed properly contribute to tourism development as exemplified in Obudu Mountain Resort. The resort also significantly contributes to tourism development in Cross River State and in Nigeria.
Security and tourism development at nature conservation centre Lagos, Nigeria
(2017) Ukpokolo, C.; Dawodu, A. O.
Insecurity constitutes a challenge to tourism development globally. Yet, tourism industry is a major contributing factor to the economic development of many nations, with multiplier effects such as the creation of direct and indirect jobs and the enhancement of world’s peace. This study focuses on security and tourism development in Nigeria, using Nature Conservation Centre, Lagos as a case, paying attention to the extent to which the security measures at the Centre contribute to tourists’ security at the Centre, and the promotion of tourism. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed in data collection, using such methods as key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, participant observation and questionnaires. A sample size of 146 research participants participated in the study. Analysed data were presented using descriptive statistical tools of frequency counts, percentages and tables, while qualitative data were presented qualitatively. The study established that the management of Nature Conservative Centre is safety conscious, and has put in place safety measures to make tourists feel safe at the Centre. Security personnel are employed, and Complaints Register and other intelligence that are not made known to outsiders are available. The Centre also builds relationship with Lagos State Security Watch, the Nigeria Police via Police Community Relations Committee and community policing. The management is working towards introducing technologically innovative security measures such as E-gate, which will help to synchronise all the security system at the site. Tourists at Nature Conservative Centre feel safe, leading to an improvement in patronage. Improving on security at the Centre requires more training for security personnel, improvement on security information at strategic places, and provision of feedback on security measures. Tourists are likely to visit destinations where their lives and property are safe, while providing them with relaxation, recreation and memorable experience.
A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS DOCUMENTATION OF OYO-ILE AND BADAGRY HERITAGE SITES, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
(2013-07) OLUKOLE, TITILAYO OLUFUNKE
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has triggered a revolution in archaeological methods for collecting and keeping inventories of heritages sites and monuments. Specifically, GIS studies have in recent times produced models for site potential or archaeological resource sensitivity. However, in Nigeria, previous archaeological works have focused on excavations, settlement patterns, vegetation history and reconstruction of cultural history, ignoring the aspects of digital documentation of heritage sites, with deleterious implications for data access, preservation and planning. This study, therefore focused on the production of a GIS database of Oyo-Ile and Badagry, two important heritage sites in southwestern Nigeria, with a view to digitally preserving their respective cultural features for research, planning and development, and determining their tourism potential. The study adopted the GIS, a tool for collection and manipulation of spatially referenced data, as a model for documenting heritage sites and monuments. Fourteen sites, seven each from Oyo-Ile and Badagry – two heritage sites associated with the history of slave trade – were purposively sampled. Qualitative data were at the first instance collected through archaeological reconnaissance, oral tradition, and observation techniques. Spatial locations of cultural resources were thereafter obtained with the aid of topographical maps, aerial photographs, satellite images and handheld global positioning system (GPS). Data were analysed using spreadsheet, while cartographic representation of classified resources was developed with Arc View Software. The GIS mapping produced a digital database of all the classified resources with their spatial locations within the two heritage sites. The cultural resources of Oyo-Ile were identified and classified as rockshelters, ruins, artefacts and relics of human settlements while those of Badagry were artefacts, museums and monuments, and relics of human settlements. The resources at Badagry, unlike those of Oyo-Ile, were well preserved and packaged to serve tourism purposes. The settlement patterns of Badagry and Oyo-Ile were linear and disperse, respectively. These are indicative of the culture and political structure of each site. Findings at the two heritage sites, as supported by oral traditions are typical of ancient Yoruba settlements. However, the topography of Badagry was plain unlike that of Oyo-Ile being undulating and rocky. Also, the architecture of Badagry comprised burnt bricks while that of Oyo-Ile was mainly of mud. Badagry’s resources and architecture could be traced to its role as a slave port during the Trans-Atlantic slave trade while those of Oyo-Ile supports oral tradition that it was a well fortified empire. The Geographic Information Systems database of Oyo-Ile and Badagry Heritage sites which were classified as rockshelters, ruins, artefacts, museums and monuments and relics of human settlements, digitally preserves cultural resources of tourism significance within these sites while serving as pointers to history of the Yoruba. Thus, the database serves the purposes of documentation, preservation and research; it also provides data needed in the planning and management of the tourism resources of these sites.

Archaeology & Anthropology

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