FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE

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Author: search.filters.author.Omobowale, T. O.

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    Ameliorative effect of gallic acid on doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats
    (De Gruyter, 2017) Omobowale, T. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Folasire, A. F.; Ajibade, T. O.; Asentiga, E. R.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Oyetola, O.; James, G.; Adedapo, A. A.; Yakubu, M. A.
    Background: The use of doxorubicin (DOX) as an antineoplastic agent has been greatly limited because of the myriad of toxic sequelae associated with it. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effects of gallic acid (GA) on DOX-induced cardiac toxicity in rats. Methods: Sixty male rats (Wistar strain) were used in this study. They were divided into six groups (A–F) each containing 10 animals. Group A was the control. Rats in Groups B, C, and D were treated with DOX at the dosage of 15 mg/kg body weight i.p. Prior to this treatment, rats in Groups C and D had been treated orally with GA for 7 days at the dosage of 60 and 120 mg/kg, respectively. Animals from Groups E and F received only 60 and 120 mg/kg GA, respectively, which were administered orally for 7 days. Results: The exposure of rats to DOX led to a significant (p 0.05) decrease in the cardiac antioxidant defence system and elevation of creatine kinase myocardial band and lactate dehydrogenase. The electrocardiography results showed a significant decrease in heart rate, QRS, and QT-segment prolongation. GA alone improved the antioxidant defence system. Conclusions: The GA pretreatment significantly alleviated GA-associated ECG abnormalities, restored the antioxidant status and prevented cardiac damage.
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    Ameliorative effect of gallic acid in doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats through antioxidant defense system
    (Taylor & Francis, 2017-07) Omobowale, T. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Ajufo, U. E.; Adejumobi, A. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Adedapo, A. A.; Yakubu, M. A.
    Hepatotoxicity has been found to be one of the main side effects associated with doxorubicin (Dox) administration in cancer therapy. The aim of the present study was to examine the ameliorative effect of gallic acid (GA) in Dox-induced hepatotoxicity. Sixty male Wistar rats of 10 rats per group were used in this study and were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups (A–F). Rats in Group A served as the control group and received distilled water orally for 7 days; Group B was given Dox at 15 mg/kg bodyweight intraperitoneally (IP) on Day 8. Group Cwas given GA at 60 mg/kg body weight orally for 7 days + Dox at 15 mg/kg IP on Day 8. Group D was given GA at 120 mg/kg body weight orally for 7 days +Dox at 15 mg/kg IP on day 8. Rats in Groups E and F were administered GA alone at 60 and 120 mg/kg bodyweight orally for 7 days, respectively. Dox administration led to a significant reduction in hepatic reduced glutathione and nonprotein thiol (NPT) together with significant increase in hepatic malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide generation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity; hepatic glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase activity were significantly inhibited in Dox-treated rats. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin concentrations were significantly elevated following Dox administration. Pretreatment with GA ameliorated Dox-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. The results suggest that GA may offer protection against hepatic damage in Dox cancer chemotherapy.
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    Cobalt chloride exposure dose dependently induced hepatotoxicity through enhancement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/B- cell associated protein X (BAX) signaling and genotoxicity in wistar rats
    (Wiley, 2017-02) Awoyemi, O. V.; Okotie, U. J.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Asenuga, E. R.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Ogunpolu, B. S.
    Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) is one of the many environmental contaminants, used in numerous industrial sectors. It is a pollutant with deadly toxicological consequences both in developing and developed countries. We investigated toxicological impact of CoCl2 on hepatic antioxidant status, apoptosis, and genotoxicity. Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups, 10 rats per group: Group 1 served as control and received clean tap water orally; Group 2 received CoCl2 solution (150 mg/L); Group 3 received CoCl2 solution (300 mg/L); and Group 4 received CoCl2 (600 mg/L) in drinking water for 7 days, respectively. Exposure of rats to CoCl2 led to a significant decline in hepatic antioxidant enzymes together with significant increase in markers of oxidative stress. Immunohistochemistry revealed dose-dependent increase in cyclooxygenase-2 and BAX expressions together with increased frequency of Micronucleated Polychromatic Erythrocytes. Combining all, CoCl2 administration led to hepatic damage through induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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    Effect of exposure and withdrawal on lead-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in cardiac tissues of rats
    (Society of Toxicology, India, 2016) Omobowale, T. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Saba, A. B.; Olukayode, O. J.; Adeolu, A. A.
    Lead poisoning continues to pose a serious health challenge and more significantly so in developing countries with ineffective waste disposal systems. Recent efforts at solving lead poisoning issues have seen entire towns being resettled from lead-contaminated areas. This study was designed to investigate whether withdrawal of lead exposure results in a resolution of toxic effects of lead in cardiac tissues. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed orally to lead acetate (PbA) at doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/ml for 6-week duration, after which one-half was sacrificed and the remaining left for a further 6 weeks without lead treatment. Exposure of rats to PbA produced significant decline (P < 0.05) in the activities of antioxidant parameters, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH), whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly elevated. Animals from the withdrawal period exhibited a similar pattern of alterations, with a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in GSH, GPx, and SOD and a significant elevation in MDA and H2O2 concentrations. However, GST activity was elevated, whereas CAT activity remained unaltered in the withdrawal period. The results of this study showed that cardiotoxicity indicated by induction of oxidative stress and reduction in antioxidant parameters failed to resolve upon withdrawal of lead exposure in male rats during the period of study.
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    Concentration-dependent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by organophosphate poisoning in dogs: a biochemical and electrocardiographic study
    (Society of Toxicology, India, 2016) Ola-Davies, O. E.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.
    Organophosphate poisoning (OP) is one of the most common poisonings in developing countries. In this study, twenty-four dogs in four groups of six each were used. Control group bathed with water only, group B with 16% Coumaphos (recommended), groups C and D with times 10 and 20 of 16% Coumaphos, respectively. Blood was collected from cephalic vein for biochemical assays. Electrocardiographic parameters were assessed from a Lead-II electrocardiogram. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in total cholesterol in group B and D compared to the control. LDL-cholesterol decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all groups compared to the control. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) reduced (p<0.05) significantly across all the groups and even after 36 hours of exposure. However, the activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was not affected following exposure to OP. The serum reduced glutathione (GSH) fell in a concentration dependent manner in all animals exposed to OP. Coumaphos exposure led to a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum MDA in a concentration dependent manner after 36 hours post exposure. The serum nitric oxide (NO) and MPO content increased (p<0.05) significantly following exposure to different concentrations of Coumaphos. The activity of Acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) fell significantly from the normal concentration of the OP down to the highest concentration. The activity of serum creatine phosphokinase (CK) increased (p<0.05) significantly in groups C and D compared to the control and recommended concentration. Electrocardiographic abnormalities recorded included low-voltage R-waves, first degree heart block, significant increased (p<0.05) heart rate (HR) and shortened QT interval compared to the control and recommended concentrations. Taking together, coumaphos poisoning caused an inhibition of AchE and significant potentially fatal arrrhythmais via induction of oxidative stress.
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    Dirofilaria immitis infection in a three year old doberman: A case report
    (The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 2011) Ajadi, R. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Igado, O. O.; Adejinmi, J. O.; Adedokun, O. A.; Nottidge, H. O
    A three-year- old male Doberman that was presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria with the complaint of anorexia, bloody diarrhea and weight loss was diagnosed with a chronic form of heartworm disease based on the findings at the physical examination which included a complete blood count, liver function tests and thoracic radiography. The physical examination revealed that the dog’s mucous membranes were pale and there was a copious bilateral mucopurulent ocular discharge present. There was subcutaneous oedema on the ventral thoracic region, while auscultation revealed tachypnea and an irregular heart rhythm. The results of the hematology and liver enzyme tests revealed moderate anaemia, which was normochromic and normocytic. There was mild neutrophilia, eosinopaenia and monocytopaenia. Both the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were markedly elevated. Also, the serum albumin concentrations and the albumin/globulin ratio were both markedly lowered. The direct blood smear revealed that the dog was negative for both Babesia canis and Erlichia canis, but positive for microfilaria. The microfilaria was 309 ±30p in length and the anterior and posterior widths were 12±2.4p and 9±1.6ji, respectively. The lateral thoracic radiograph showed that the heart was normal in size, while the pulmonary vasculatures were visible and within normal range. The health of the dog improved following treatment with levamisole and gentaprim. This case confirms the efficacy of levamisole in combination with gentaprim in the management of canine heart worm disease.
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    Dirofilaria immitis infection in a three year old doberman: A case report
    (The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 2011) Ajadi, R. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Igado, O. O.; Adejinmi, J.O.; Adedokuii, O.A.; Nottidge, H. O.
    A three-year- old male Doberman that was presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria with the complaint of anorexia, bloody diarrhea and weight loss was diagnosed with a chronic form of heartworm disease based on the findings at the physical examination which included a complete blood count, liver function tests and thoracic radiography. The physical examination revealed that the dog’s mucous membranes were pale and there was a copious bilateral macopurulent ocular discharge present. There was subcutaneous oedema on the ventral thoracic region, while auscultation revealed tachypnea and an irregular heart rhythm. The results of the hematology and liver enzyme tests revealed moderate anaemia, which was normochromic and normocytic. There was mild neutrophilia, eosinopaenia and monocytopaenia. Both the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were markedly elevated. Also, the serum albumin concentrations and the albumin/globulin ratio were both markedly lowered. The direct blood smear revealed that the dog was negative for both Babesia canis and Erlichia canis, but positive for microfilaria. The microfilaria was 309 ±30µ in length and the anterior and posterior widths were 12±2.4µ and 9±1.6µ, respectively. The lateral thoracic radiograph showed that the heart was normal in size, while the pulmonary vasculatures were visible and within normal range. The health of the dog improved following treatment with levamisole and gentaprim. This case confirms the efficacy of levamisole in combination with gentaprim in the management of canine heart worm disease.