FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Survey of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in trade cattle slaughtered at abattoirs in North-central Nigeria(2017-01) Alhaji, N. B.; Babalobi, O. O.; Yatswako, S.Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is one of the most important infectious and contagious disease of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa and whose control is urgently needed. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate prevalence of CBPP and associated animal factors that predisposed to the disease in trade cattle slaughtered in Niger State, North-central Nigeria between January and May 2014. A total of 525 trade cattle were selected by systematic sampling approach from five purposively selected central abattoirs in the State. Serum samples were analyzed using c-ELISA and lung lesions determined at post-mortem inspections. The OpenEpi 2.3.1 software was used for statistical analyses. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to present the results. Associations between animal characteristics (predictor variables) and sero-positivity as well as presence of CBPP lung lesions (outcome variables) were tested using Chi-square tests and likelihood backward logistic regressions. A sero-prevalence of 31.8% (95% CI: 27.93, 35.89) in live cattle before slaughtered was observed. Also, 29.5% (95% CI: 25.74, 33.53) of the slaughtered trade cattle had CBPP lung lesions at post-mortem inspections. Cattle in age group 4–5 years were more likely (OR 2.00; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.39) to be significantly exposed to Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (Mmm) infection. Cows were more likely to be significantly predisposed to Mmm infections. Furthermore, bunaji breeds were more likely (OR 2.26, 95% CI: 1.42, 3.59) to be significantly predisposed to Mmm infections. This study has shown the need to combine more reliable serological tests with post-mortem examinations to improve active surveillance of CBPP in trade cattle. These dual approaches to investigation of CBPP and identification of intrinsic factors predisposing to infection should be institutionalized as elements of epidemio-surveillance and control strategies of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa.Item Actualization of strategies for beef quality control in south western Nigeria(2005-06) Olugasa, B. O.; Cadmus, S.I. B.; Atsanda, N.N.A major private abattoir wd meat processing plant in south-westem Nigeria was studied in this article to determine its compliance with control over dissemination of parasitic and microbial diseases from beef to man. To ensure total quality control, a private veterinarian sourced for cattle on farms and supplied these to the abattoir. In addition, a public health veterinarian in government service at the abattoir carried out antemortem tests, postmortem inspection and removal of unwholesome cattle. Diseases such as fascioliasis, tuberculosis, cysticercosis and brucellosis were effectively controlled in this way. Hence, United African Company (UAC) Foods provides wholesome beef to the communityItem QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT OF OXYTETRACYCLINE AND TETRACYCLINE RESIDUES IN SLAUGHTERED CATTLE FROM THREE ABATTOIRS IN NIGERIA(2011-08) ADEGBOYE, A.O.Tetracylines are among the most commonly available range of broad spectrum antibiotics that are abused and misused in livestock production. Although there are available records on veterinary drug residues; however because of the accessibility of oxytetracycline and tetracycline antibiotics and consequent abuses, there is need for further information on dietary exposure and assessment of risk inherent in ingestion of their residues in treated cattle. Therefore, the concentrations and probability of occurrence of tetracyclines residues in slaughtered cattle meat were assessed. Four hundred and fifty (450) cattle tissues samples comprising of muscle (50), liver (50) and kidney (50) were randomly collected from three selected major abattoirs (>200 cattle slaughtered/day): Government Abattoir, Agege, Lagos (GAAL), Government Motor-Park Abattoir, Enugu (GMAE) and Tudun-Wada Abattoir (TWAK), Kaduna. Concentrations of oxytetracycline and tetracycline (μg/kg) in the tissues were determined using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrophotometry. Dietary exposures (μg/kg-bw) to residues of oxytetracycline and tetracycline were assessed using standard deterministic method. The likelihood of exposure to oxytetracycline and tetracycline residues was simulated using Monte Carlo technique to quantitatively assess risk levels. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance using JMP (2010) software (p=0.05) and thereafter compared with Codex Maximum Residue Limits (MRL). Tetracyclines residues were detected in 63.22% of tested samples. There was no significant difference in total residue concentration (μg/kg) of oxytetracycline between kidney (79.202) and liver (64.897) but there is a difference, when both are compared with muscle (30.033). Considering tetracycline there were no significant differences in all the three tissues: kidney (39.517), liver (17.024) and muscle (6.872). The oxytetracycline (μg/kg) concentration was significantly higher in GAAL (80.217) than TWAK (56.688) and GMAE (37.228). While contrary was the case in tetracycline concentration, where no significant differences were observed in GAAL (40.718) > TWAK (13.069) and GMAE (9.626). This indicates that both in tissues and from locations, residues of oxytetracyline are consistently higher than residues of tetracycline. Also, the oxytetracycline concentration (μg/kg) in cattle tissues was highest in liver (109.094) than in both kidney (91.594) and muscle (39.963) in GAAL. However, in TWAK and GMAE it was in the order of kidney (96.901) > liver (39.389) > muscle (33.774) and kidney (91.594) > liver (46.209) > muscle (16.364), respectively. While there were no significant differences between all locations’ kidney samples and muscle samples for oxytetracycline residues except for liver samples; it was converse for tetracycline concentrations (μg/kg) in cattle tissues from all the locations because there were no significant differences in the residues concentration for all the tissues. The observed residues for both oxytetracycline (59.72ug/kg) and tetracycline (28.23ug/kg) were below the Codex MRLs. Dietary exposures (μg/kg-bw) to oxytetracycline and tetracycline in slaughtered cattle were 0.0284ug/kg bw and 0.0134ug/kg bw respectively. The probability of 1 undetected tetracycline residue-containing beef is 0.0232 Residue concentrations of oxytetracycline and tetracycline in slaughtered cattle from abattoirs in Nigeria were within acceptable safe limits and portend low exposure risk to public health