FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in reciprocal hybrids of Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis(University of Ibadan, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2022) Obisesan O. M.; Oladosu G. A.; Adelakun, O. D.; Ajibade A. O.; Adah A. D.; Oloko A. B.; Bamigboye O. F.Farming of hybrids of two African Clariid catfish species, “Heteroclarias” is becoming a focus of attention in many aquatic farms in Nigeria. Pseudomonas sp. is one of the major pathogens responsible for disease in aquaculture. A total of 150 Heteroclarias juveniles were orally inoculated with different concentrations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranging from 3 x 101 to 3 x104 CFU/100µl in 4 groups (A to D) replicated thrice, for 14 days with the aim of evaluating its pathogenicity. The control group (E) also with 10 fish in 3 replicates were given normal saline orally. Clinical signs, mortality, histopathology and haematology were observed following experimental infection. Haematological parameters observed were statistically analysed using SPSS 20. Clinical signs observed in group A to C were discolouration, sloughing and patches of haemorrhage on their skin, Frequency of mortality recorded in group A to E were 20%, 10%, 10%, 6.6% and 0% respectively. Histopathological changes observed were vacuolar degeneration of renal tubular epithelium, diffuse hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration, and hyperplasia, fusion of secondary lamellae, with haemorrhage in the gills. Significant difference in haemoglobin concentration parameter was observed, translating to reduction in oxygen carrying capacity of the infected fish. Heteroclarias were susceptible to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with resultant significant mortality.Item Clinicopathological features of arborescent organ necrosis syndrome in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2013) Oladosu G. A.; Tijani M. O.; Akpavie S. O.; Adedeji O. B.Some teleosts such as the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) posess accessory respiratory organs (arborescent organ) which enable them to breathe atmospheric air in hypoxic conditions. Arborescent organ necrosis syndrome is a relatively new disease condition of farmed African catfish in Nigeria. There is only one report of this syndrome in the African catfish, although several anecdotes of its occurrence exists. Six freshly dead catfishes were collected from two farms during a disease outbreak where severe high mortalities were recorded. At necropsy there was severe necrosis of the arborescent organ. Other gross lesions observed included severe gill hyperaemia and severe depigmentation of the skin. Histopathology revealed severe necrosis and non- suppurative inflammation of the arborescent organ and gills, hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration and severe necrosis of the haematopoietic and non haematopoietic elements of the trunk kidney. Three organisms namely Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas putida and Salmonella subsp IIIB were isolated from the necrotic arborescent organs and the dorsal and trunk kidneys. All the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. No mortalities were recorded on affected farms a day following the administration of ciprofloxacin to affected catfishes. Although this is not the first report of this syndrome in the African catfish, it is notable that the organisms isolated in this case differ from what was isolated (Enterobacter cloacae and Aeromonas sobria) in the previously reported case.Item Pathogenic and zoonotic potential of bacterial flora of commercial fish ponds in Ibarapa Central Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria(2020) Obisesan, O. M.; Oladosu, G. A.; Abegunde, P. T.; Ajibade, A. O.; Adah, A. D.; Oladejo, A. O.Pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria are normal microflora of the aquatic ecosystem. The bacterial organisms isolated in this study are from fish and pond water samples collected from 3 farms, and they belong to the following families: Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae. Enterobacteriaceae, Psedomonadaceae, Vibrionaceae and Aeromonadaceae. Seven of the 13 bacterial species isolated namely; Citrobacter freundii, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio vulnificus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas schubertii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Edwardsiella tarda are pathogenic to fish in freshwater habitat, while almost all the 13 species are pathogenic to humans. These organisms are therefore of economically significant to commercially important farmed fishes, have zoonotic potential and are of public health importance to man. Strict hygiene and biosecurity measures become very important on fish farms to avoid disease outbreaks. Consumers should also avoid eating raw and lightly cooked aquatic products.Item Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in goat milk in Ibadan, Nigeria(Nigerian Journal of Animal Production (NJAP), 2018) Amosun, E. A.; Olatoye, I. O.; Oyeniyi, T. M.Goat milk and itsproducts are highly nutritious and widely consumed in several countries. In Nigeria, little attention has been given to goats as dairy animals; hence thè raw milk can be a potential source of bacterial contamination and spread of antibiotic resistant pathogens within human, animai and environment. In this study, thè incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in goat milk in Ibadan, Nigeria was evaluated. The bacteriological quality and antibiotic resistance characteristics of thè isolates froml05 raw milk samples collectedfrom does in fìve goat herds in Ibadan in Oyo-State, Nigeria were carried out. A total ofl26 bacterial isolates belonging to six bacteria genera [Lactobacillus spp (23.81 %), Staphylococcus aureus (23.02%), E.coli (20.63%), Klebsiella pneumonia (15.08%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.35%), Streptococcus spp (07.14%)] were obtainedfrom thè samples. The Gram negative isolates exhibited resistance to amoxillin (84.50%), augmentin (77.59%), septrìn (75.86%), sparfloxacìn (72.41%), chloramphenicol (68.97%), streptomycin (65.52%), perfloxacin (56.90%), tarìvid (51.72%), gentamycin (48.28%), ciprofloxacin (48.27%).While thè Gram positive bacteria also exhibited resistance to ampiclox ( 69.12%), septrìn (42.65%), erythromycìn (33.82%), streptomycin (14.71%), gentamycin (11.76%), rocephin (07.35%), zinnacef (02.94%), ciprofloxacin (01.47%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) to three or more antimicrobials was observed in some of thè isolates. This study revealed high prevalence of MDR bacteria in goat milk that can contrìbute to thè global antibiotic resistance menace through primary or secondary infections assocìated with husbandry, milking and consumption of improperly pasteurized goat milkItem Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in goat milk in Ibadan, Nigeria(Nigerian Journal of Animal Production (NJAP), 2018) Amosun, E. A.; Olatoye, I. O.; Oyeniyi, T. M.Goat milk and itsproducts are highly nutritious and widely consumed in several countries. In Nigeria, little attention has been given to goats as dairy animals; hence thè raw milk can be a potential source of bacterial contamination and spread of antibiotic resistant pathogens within human, animai and environment. In this study, thè incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in goat milk in Ibadan, Nigeria was evaluated. The bacteriological quality and antibiotic resistance characteristics of thè isolates froml05 raw milk samples collectedfrom does in fìve goat herds in Ibadan in Oyo-State, Nigeria were carried out. A total ofl26 bacterial isolates belonging to six bacteria genera [Lactobacillus spp (23.81 %), Staphylococcus aureus (23.02%), E.coli (20.63%), Klebsiella pneumonia (15.08%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.35%), Streptococcus spp (07.14%)] were obtainedfrom thè samples. The Gram negative isolates exhibited resistance to amoxillin (84.50%), augmentin (77.59%), septrìn (75.86%), sparfloxacìn (72.41%), chloramphenicol (68.97%), streptomycin (65.52%), perfloxacin (56.90%), tarìvid (51.72%), gentamycin (48.28%), ciprofloxacin (48.27%).While thè Gram positive bacteria also exhibited resistance to ampiclox ( 69.12%), septrìn (42.65%), erythromycìn (33.82%), streptomycin (14.71%), gentamycin (11.76%), rocephin (07.35%), zinnacef (02.94%), ciprofloxacin (01.47%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) to three or more antimicrobials was observed in some of thè isolates. This study revealed high prevalence of MDR bacteria in goat milk that can contrìbute to thè global antibiotic resistance menace through primary or secondary infections assocìated with husbandry, milking and consumption of improperly pasteurized goat milkItem Evaluation of bacteria and antibiotic resistance profiling of Wara (White soft cheese) in Oyo- State, South West, Nigeria(Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association, 2017) Amosun, E. A.; Agbato, A. O.; Daodu, O. B.; Ojo, O. E.Fresh milk from healthy cows contains few bacteria but contamination during handling and processing can rapidly increase bacterial population and subsequently depreciate it quality. This study evaluated thè presence of bacteria and their antibiotic resistance profiles in white soft cheese (Wara) in three major producing locai Government areas in Oyo-State, Nigeria. The cheese samples were collected in sterile universal bottles immediately after production. Samples were immediately transported to thè laboratory for bacteria isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility test of thè isolates. A total of one hundred and sixty-five (165) bacterial isolates of ten different bacterial genera were identified from 102 cheese samples. The isolation rates of different species/genera were Lactobacillus spp (39.8%), E. coli (32.5%), Klebsiella spp (9%), Citrobacter spp (2.4%), Acinetobacter spp (3.6%), Pseudomonas spp (6.6%), Bordetella spp (0.6%), Proteus spp (1.2%), Staphylococcus spp (3.6%) and Strepiococcus agalactiae (0.6%). Results demonstrated substantial differences in their resistance pattems to various antibiotics. The isolates were tested against ten different antibiotics. The Gram negative isolates showed twenty-five resistance pattems while Gram positive isolates revealed fifty-four distinct resistance groups. In all, Gram positive isolates showed resistance to ceftriaxone (61.1%), gentamicin (51.4%), chloramphenicol (51.1%), amoxicillin (48.6%), ciprofloxacin (44.4%), cotrimoxazole (43.1%), perfloxacin (40.3%), streptomycin (40.3%) Erythromycin (31.9) and ofloxacin (30.6%) while Gram positive showed resistance to chloramphenicol (22.6%), trimethoprim /sulfamethoxazole (20.4%), amoxillin/clavulanic acid. (10.8%), streptomycin (9.7%), gentamicin (8.6%), sparfloxacin (6.5%), amoxicilin (5.4%), Perfloxacin (5.4%), ofloxacin (4.3%) and ciprofloxacin (3.2%). Multi-drug resistance to three or more antibiotics was observed in 69 isolates, 56 Gram positive and 13 Gram negative bacteria. This study confirmed that white soft cheese “wara” can be a source of bacteria with multidrug resistant phenotypes.