FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Prevalence of antibody against rabies among confined, free‐roaming and stray dogs in a transit city of Nigeria(Istituto G. Caporale, 2011) Olugasa, B. O.; Aiyedun, J. O.; Emikpe, B.OThe prevalence of anti‐glycoprotein antibodies against rabies virus is studied in the sera of confined, free‐roaming and stray dogs in Ilorin, the capital city of Kwara State, Nigeria. A quantitative indirect enzyme‐linked immune-sorbent assay (i‐ELISA) was used to detect rabies virus anti‐glycoprotein antibodies in sera from 116 confined, 61 free‐roaming, and 13 stray dogs. The sera were collected between June and December 2008 from apparently healthy dogs. Of these 190 dogs, 81 (42.6%), consisting of 57 confined (49.1%), 23 free-roaming (37.7%) and 1 stray (7.7%), had antibody titres that exceeded the positive threshold of 0.5 equivalent units (eu)/ml against rabies, while 109 (57.4%) presented titres that were below the threshold. Prevalence of rabies anti‐glycoprotein antibody was higher in the confined dogs compared to free‐roaming and stray dogs. Our results indicated low anti‐rabies sero-prevalence (42.6%) in the dog population of Ilorin, a transit city that lies between northern and southern Nigeria. This is the first community‐based prevalence report on the anti‐rabies serological profile of dogs in Nigeria. The need for primary and booster mass vaccination of dogs and the impact of these findings on rabies control in Nigeria are discussed.Item Seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis in Kwara, Oyo and Ogun states of Nigeria(Indian Society for Parasitology, 2014-08) Adediran, O. A.; Kolapo, T. U.; Uwalaka, E. C.Leishmaniasis is an important tropical disease that is gradually gaining attention in Nigeria. The canine species which include domestic dogs have been named the reservoir host for the zoonotic form of leishmaniasis. The present study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis in three selected states of Nigeria using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two hundred and seventy-three canine sera were tested for Leishnmnia IgG antibodies. Dogs sampled were grouped into young (<1 year) and adult (>1 year). Total prevalence recorded was 4.40 % (12/273). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between sera of hunting (4.83 %) and companion dogs (3.03 %). Furthermore, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between young and adults dogs. There was no correlation between sex and prevalence of canine leishmaniasis. However, significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the prevalence of each state with Kwara, Oyo and Ogun having 14.63, 3.33 and 1.32 % respectively. The result of this study established the presence of canine leishmaniasis in Oyo, Ogun and Kwara Slates of Nigeria making the zoonotic form of the disease a possibilityItem Diagnosing trichinellosis in pigs slaughtered at a major abattoir in Lagos State Nigeria(2014) Uwalaka, E. C.; Adediran, O. A.Trichinellosis, an infection caused by the Trichinella spp has been known to occur worldwide affecting almost all species of animals including man. It is an emerging or re- emerging disease in developed and developing countries. This survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of trichinellosis in domestic pigs slaughtered in Lagos, Nigeria. Nine hundred pig sera were collected at slaughter in an abattoir in Lagos state. The sera samples were stored frozen at the parasitology research laboratory of the department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan till used. Post mortem examination was also carried out for 350 carcasses of the 900 from which blood samples were collected using standard procedures. 53 out of the 900 samples collected were seropositive for Trichinella E/S antigen using ELISA kit. No Trichinella cysts were found at postmortem examination. One of the sample positive at serology was negative at postmortem. A total sero- prevalence of 5.89% was obtained, 5.83 % (adults) and 7.65% of growers were positive. There was no serological evidence of trichinellosis in samples (44) collected from weaners. The male pigs had a higher prevalence (6.14%) than the females (5.45%). However, the differences between the ages and the sexes were not statistically significant (P≤ 0.05).This study has been able to provide serological evidence of the presence of trichinellosis in this state and thus the need to carry out proper postmortem examination after slaughter. Also, the absence of cyst at postmortem and the presence of antibodies at serology show that postmortem examination is not enough to screen for Trichinella in slaughtered food animals hence the need for the establishment of diagnostic laboratories at abattoirs in the countryItem Seroprevalence of trichinellosis in pigs slaughtered in Bodija abbattoir Oyo State Nigeria(World Journal of Life Science and Medical Research, 2012-12) Adediran, O.; Uwalaka, E. C.This survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of trichinellosis in Bodija municipal abattoir of Oyo state, Nigeria. Sera samples were collected from pigs slaughtered on the slabs from July to November, 2010 and taken to the laboratory in the department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan for analysis. The samples were processed for Trichinella antibodies by ELISA using excretory-secretory (E/S) antigen.246 samples were collected and a prevalence of 15.04% was recorded. Adult pigs had a higher prevalence (35.55%) than the young (8.40, 14.29) and prevalence in male pigs was slightly higher (19.80%) than the females (11.72%) though this prevalence is not statistically significantItem The use of monoclonal antibody for the immunodiagnosis of Fasciola gigantica infection in cattle(Elsevier Science, 1997) Fagbemi, B.O.; Aderibigbe, O.A.; Guobadia, E.EAntigens that were specific to Fasciola gigantica were obtained from the whole worm homogenate of the parasite by immunoaffmity chromatography in cyanogen bromide-activated sepharose 4B columns and used for the production of monoclonal antibodies. The F. gigantica- specific monoclonal antibody was labelled with horseradish peroxidase and used for the detection of circulating antigen by the direct ELISA method in the sera of cattle experimentally infected with the parasite. Circulating antigens were detectable in the sera of the animals as from the third week after infection while negative absorbance values were obtained 2 weeks after the termination of the infection by chemotherapy with oxyclozanide. This immunodiagnostic method offers an attractive alternative as a supplement to the conventional. coprological diagnosis of fasciolosis