FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Rumen impaction with foreigh indigestible materials in domestic ruminants in Nigeria: a review(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2012) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.Rumen impaction due to foreign, indigestible materials has become one of the major gastro-intestinal disorders v in ruminant livestock causing severe loss of meat and milk production and high mortality rates. Ingested foreign « bodies affect the health of animals and cause economic loss to the owner. Among other factors, the current '..widespread use of polythene and other non-biodegradable materials with improper waste disposal is a major predisposing factor to the development of rumen impaction. In this paper, the Nigerian situation with regard to the prevalence, reported fatalities, composition of recovered foreign materials, risk factors and clinical signs of foreign body rumen impaction are reviewed, including the clinical management approaches to the condition, the hemato-biochemical, trace element profile and pathology of the rumen in affected animals. The review also provides information on the waste disposal situation in Nigeria as it relates to the development of this condition with emphasis on its economic implications and the preventive strategies to counteract the problem of rumen impaction.Item Aflatoxin status of some commercial dry dog foods in Ibadan, Nigeria(Academic Journals, 2012) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.The occurrence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in commercial dry dog foods in the city of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria, was investigated. Dry dog food samples from 6 producers were purchased on five different occasions from retail outlets in Ibadan, Nigeria. High performance liquid chromatography was used for separation and quantification of aflatoxin fractions, after consideration of the limits of detection and quantification of the method. Results indicate that aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were detected in all the samples investigated, with B1 being the most abundant. The range of concentration of total aflatoxins was 7.76 to 11.93 μg/kg (mean: 9.61 μg/kg). The results show that dry dog foods marketed in Ibadan are frequently contaminated with aflatoxins, exposing dogs to adverse effects of aflatoxicosis. Scientifically based regulations for the acceptable limit of mycotoxins in pet foods in the country would be beneficial.Item Prevalence of foreign body Rumen impaction in slaughtered Goats in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2012) Akinrinmade, J.F.; Akinrinde, A.S.A study was conducted on 4,488 goals in Ibadan, southwest sub-tropic humid zone, over a 4-month period to determine the prevalence of rumen impaction with indigestible garbage and to evaluate breed, sex and age as risk factors. Ante-mortem and rost-mortem examinations were carried out on each of the animals to determine the breed, health status, sex, age and presence of indigestible garbage in the rumen. Prevalence of rumen impaction with indigestible garbage was 9.61%. It was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Red Sokoto breed than other breeds. Sex and age were found to have significant influence on the prevalence of rumen impaction. It was significantly higher (p<0.05) in females and older goats than males and younger ones, respectively.Item Isolation and antibiotics susceptibility patterns of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 from selected dairy herds in Nigeria(African Union, InterAfrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR), 2012) Amosun, E. A.; Olatoye, I. O.; Adetosoye, I. A.This study determined the safety of milk from dairy herds obtained by hand milking method from two major cattle producing States of Nigeria by investigating the presence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Forty seven milk samples from Kwara and 63 from Kaduna States were obtained from selected indigenous breeds of dairy cow. Bacteriological analysis by culturing on MacConkey agar (MAC) and subcultured on Sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC) were done. Escherichia coli 0157.H7 were confirmed serologically using latex agglutination kits (OxoidR UK). The isolates were tested for susceptibility to five commonly used antimicrobial agents and plasmid transfer was also carried out using E. coli K12 356 recipient. Out of the 61 non-Sorbitol fermenting (NSF) E. coli isolated from the samples 33(30.0%) were confirmed as E .coli 0157.H7 serotype. Antibiotic Susceptibility profile showed that all the isolates were resistant to one or multiple antibiotics, resulting in six different resistance patterns. Sulphadimidine resistance was the highest with all the isolates (100%) exhibited resistance to this drug while streptomycin had the highest sensitivity. Out of the seventeen E.coli 0157.H7 isolates tested for plasmid transfer, eleven (64.7%) transferred their resistance to the sensitive E. coli K12 356 enblock, while the remaining six showed segregation. The preponderance of E. coli O157 in this study indicated that greater proportion of milk being produced for human consumption in Nigeria were not wholesome and could posed threat of transmission of zoonotic pathogens. The high proportion of multidrug resistance exhibited by the isolates and the plasmid transfer is of public health significance as they could confer resistance on both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial population in the consumers. More so, the milk which were obtained traditional unhygienic hand milking are either consumed raw or improperly pasteurized. Hygienic milking, pasteurization and judicious use of antibiotics after properly diagnosis and sensitivity test against newer antibiotics are recommended.Item Histopathological analysis of male breast cancer in Southwestern Nigeria: A single center retrospective study(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Odetola, S. S.; Awosusi, B. L.; Fatunla, E. O.; Salami, A. A.Background: Breast cancer in men is still an uncommon and largely understudied disease. It accounts for 1% of all breast cancers. The aim of this study was to review all the male breast cancer cases diagnosed at the tertiary medical institution in South West Nigeria over a 10 year period and to compare the findings with other similar studies done in Nigeria and globally. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all histologically diagnosed cases of male breast cancers in the Department of Pathology, Tertiary Medical Institution in South West Nigeria over a 10 year period from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Clinicopathological parameters including patients’ age, laterality, and specific histological sub types were extracted from surgical day book and Cancer Registry of the Department. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (version 22; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). The results were subsequently presented in tables, relative frequencies, group percentages, and photomicrographs. Results: Forty two cases of male breast cancer were seen accounting for 1.7% of all breast cancer cases. The age range was between 22 and 91 years with a mean age of 60.3 years, and a peak occurrence was in the 8th decade. The right breast was more affected than the left accounting for 52% of the total number of cases seen. The most common histological sub type found was invasive ductal carcinoma accounting for 88% of all the cases. Conclusion: Male breast cancer is relatively uncommon compared to female breast cancer. It is more common in the older age group, and invasive ductal carcinoma is still the most common histological subtype.Item Inflammatory pseudotumor: a 20‑Year single institutional experience(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Fatunla, E. O.; Onakpoma, F. A.; Salami, A. A.Background: Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a relatively rare benign disease. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the demographic distribution, clinical presentation, and histomorphological characteristics of IPT while highlighting its associated diagnostic challenges. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross sectional review of all the IPT diagnosed in our institution between January 1999 and December 2018 was conducted. The samples were received from within and outside the hospital facility. The demographic data, clinical history, and histologic reports were reviewed. Results: A total of 25 cases of histologically confirmed IPT were seen. Patients’ age ranges from 7 to 74 years with a mean age of 38.96 years and standard deviation ± 17.94 years. There was a bimodal peak occurrence in the third and fifth decades. Most of the patients were adults (23, 92%), whereas only 2 (8%) were children. There was a female preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1:2.6. The head and neck had the highest number of cases (44%), followed by the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (40%). Eight (73%) of head and neck cases occurred in the orbit. The presenting complaints depended on the site of the lesion with pain and swelling being the commonest symptoms irrespective of the site of the lesions. Two cases of bilateral IPT were observed. Immunohistochemistry was used in a certain condition of diagnostic dilemma. Conclusion: This study showed a female preponderance of IPT with the head and neck and GIT being the most common location. It is important to rule out other differentials in the diagnosis of IPT.Item Neoplasms of the appendix: an experience of a tertiary hospital in Southwestern Nigeria(Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Omenai, S. A.; Iyapo, O.Background: The appendix is a vestigial tube like organ. Its exact physiological function is unknown. Appendectomies are done usually following a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Neoplasms can arise from this organ as well. Carcinoids are the most common neoplasms arising commonly at the tips. This retrospective review of neoplasms of the appendix was aimed at identifying the incidence and describing the histological variants of neoplasms of the appendix in our environment. Materials and Methods: This study was a 10 year retrospective review of all appendectomy specimens submitted to the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Microscopy was done examining the longitudinal sections from the tip to the base of the appendix. The histological diagnosis was extracted from the records in the department and classified using the WHO classification of tumors of the appendix (2019). Patients’ biodata such as age and sex were also extracted. The data were analyzed for frequency distribution using SPSS 23. Results: The incidence of neoplasms in the appendix was 0.84% of the 1071 appendectomies received in our department over the study period. Low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) was the most common histological variant accounting for 55.5% of neoplasms, followed by metastatic carcinoma at 22.2% and carcinoids at 11.1%. There was a female preponderance of 77.8%. Conclusion: Neoplasms of the appendix are rare in our environment, and LAMN was the most common neoplasm of the appendix in our institution. There is a female preponderance among patients with appendiceal neoplasms.Item Pelvic desmoid tumour imitating uterine leiomyoma in a Nigerian premenopausal woman(Sciencedomain international, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Ngubor, T. D.; Nkwogu, N. F.; Sotunsa, J.; Yusuf, A.Aim: To describe a rare case of pelvic desmoid tumour simulating as a huge uterine leiomyoma causing a diagnostic dilemma in a premenopausal woman. Case Presentation: This was a 44-year-old, para 2 (2 alive) who was referred to our gynaecology clinic from a secondary health facility on account of slowly increasing abdominal swelling of 2 years Case Report Ajani et al.; JAMMR, 32(2): 94-99, 2020; Article no. JAMMR.54612 95 duration. There was no nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea. There was associated mild to moderate dull lower abdominal pain that did not radiate to any other part of the body. There was no change in her monthly menstrual flow. Physical examination revealed a pelvic mass about 32 weeks pregnancy size and firm. Computed Topography scan showed a huge pedunculated sub-serous uterine fibroid. A huge mass adherent to the anterior surface of the body of the uterus was completely surgically excised at exploratory laparotomy. Histology of the excised tumour revealed a definitive histological diagnosis of pelvic desmoid tumour. The patient was clinically stable and discharged home 10 days post operation and was followed-up on out-patient gynaecology clinic basis. Discussion: Pelvic desmoid is a rare mesenchymal tumour caused by abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts. It is three times more common in women and occurs mostly between 25 and 35 years of age which correspond to the same age peak incidence for uterine fibroids. The tumour can easily be misdiagnosed as uterine leiomyoma and imaging cannot reliably distinguish the two conditions. Conclusion: Pelvic desmoid tumour should be considered as a differential diagnosis in premenopausal women who present with abdominal swelling. Relevant clinical history, Radiological imaging and Histopathological assessment are essential in making prompt accurate diagnosis.Item Porcine Cysticercosis In Slaughtered Pigs And Factors Related To Taenia Solium Transmission Amongst Abattoir Workers In Ibadan, Nigeria(2019) Adesokan,H.K; Adeoye,F.AIntroduction: porcine cysticercosis is under-reported particularly in Nigeria, despite the reportedly high prevalence of epilepsy and associated life-threatening health implications. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis and factors related to Taenia solium transmission to humans. Methods: slaughtered pigs at a major abattoir, south-western Nigeria were randomly inspected and questionnaire was administered to pig workers/consumers while the data were analysed using Stata 12.0. Results: a 4.4% (11/250) prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was obtained; the age, breed, sex and body conditions of pigs were not significant for infection (p < 0.05). Further, none (0.0%) of the respondents knew that T. solium could cause epilepsy in man and 39.5% often defaecated on neighbouring open fields and farmlands. Respondents purchasing pork from home slaughter were about four and ten times less likely to demonstrate good knowledge (OR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08-0.74) and practice (OR = 0.10; 95% CI: 0.05-0.22) than those purchasing from abattoir. Moreover, those lacking toilet facility were about four and five times less likely to demonstrate good knowledge (OR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.07-0.86) and practice (OR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.08-0.45) than those who had it. Other factors associated with practices related to T. solium transmission included age (p = 0.000), sex (p = 0.000) and duration (p = 0.003). Conclusion: the increased odds of poor knowledge and practices related to Taenia solium transmission especially among respondents purchasing home slaughter pork and lacking toilet facility provides insights into the parasite epidemiology. Above findings are important in lowering the infection prevalence in pigs and humans in this endemic area.Item Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from livestock workers and implications for zooanthroponotic transmission in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria(2018) CADMUS,S; AKINSEYE,V; ADEGBULU,A.A; OVWIGHOSE,N; AYOOLA,M; OGUGUA,J; ADESOKAN,H; CADMUS,EIntroduction. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa coupled with dearth of information about the disease among livestock workers at risk of infection. We determined the prevalence of pulmonary TB infection and factors associated with its occurrence among livestock workers in south-western Nigeria. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using active case-finding among livestock workers with sub-clinical pulmonary TB between August 2014 and March 2015. Sputum samples were cultured and subjected to a two-step multiplex-PCR technique based on genus-typing and genomic regions-of-difference. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was utilized in assessing worker’s TB related knowledge and practices. Data were analysed using STATA 12. Results. Overall, 206 livestock workers (traders = 136; butchers = 70) were screened; 5.1% (7/136) of the traders and 7.1% (5/70) of the butchers had positive mycobacterial cultures. Molecular techniques identified one Mycobacterium tuberculosis with six non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from the traders and four M. tuberculosis with one NTM from the butchers. Participants within the age range of 50 years and above were at higher risk of being infected with TB (OR = 7.7; 95% CI: 1.7- 35.6) and majority had poor knowledge and practices regarding TB. Conclusions. We confirmed M. tuberculosis as the cause of pulmonary TB among the livestock workers, with implications for zooanthroponotic transmission of the disease along the humananimal ecosystem interface in Nigeria.