FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE

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    Prevalence and correlates of influenza-a in piggery workers and pigs in two communities in Lagos, Nigeria
    (2013) Awosanya, E. J.; Ogundipe, G.; Babalobi, O.; Omilabu, S.
    Introduction: Worldwide, three Influenza-A virus subtypes (H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2) in swine are major public health issues. In Nigeria, the existence of these subtypes in pigs has not been well studied. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and correlates of Influenza-A viruses circulating in piggery workers and pigs in Oke-aro and Goshen communities in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: Nasal swabs were taken from 197 consenting piggery workers and 281 randomly selected pigs to determine the prevalence of Influenza-A (H1, H3, H5) using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction test (gene M). An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect information on demography, Influenza-A related symptoms experienced, personal hygiene and management practices from the piggery workers. Descriptive statistics was used and chi square test performed at 5% significant level. Results: All piggery workers and pigs' nasal swabs tested negative for Influenza-A viruses, hence, association could not be tested. Mean age of piggery workers was 41 ± 13.6 years and 60% were females. Forty two percent were farm attendants, 38.0% were pig farmers and the rest butchers. Nineteen percent had history of headache; 14.0% had catarrh and cough; 4.0% had sore-throat; 5.0% had diarrhea; while 48.0% had muscle pain at the time of data collection. The mean body temperature for the pig workers was 36.5 ± 0.5 °C. A significant difference (p<0.05) existed among piggery workers who had muscle pains. Conclusion: Piggery workers and pigs in study area were free of Influenza-A (H1, H3, H5) viruses. The current practices of the piggery workers should be encouraged.
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    Detection of Haemagglutination–Inhibiting antibodies against human h1 and h3 Strains of influenza A Viruses in pigs in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2010) Adeola, O.A; Adeniji, J. A.; Olugasa, B. O.
    Agricultural and commercial activities have continued to bring people and pigs into regular, close contact in Ibadan, Nigeria. This study was therefore designed to investigate the transmission of human influenza viruses to pigs in Ibadan, using serological surveillance. Serum specimens were collected from ninety-one (91/199) apparently healthy, unvaccinated Landrace pigs at three locations within Ibadan from April to June, 2008. Two strains of human influenza virus A: A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1) and A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2) were used in Haemagglutination-Inhibition Assay for antibody detection. Prevalence of HI antibodies to the two subtypes was 90.1%. Antibodies to influenza A/Brisbane/ 59/2007 (H1N1) were significantly (P < 0.05) more prevalent (80.2%) than those of influenza A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2) (51.6%). Titres of HI antibodies to influenza A/Brisbane/59/2007 [mean = 3331.5] were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of influenza A/Brisbane/10/2007 [mean = 2212.3]. This study shows that these pigs were exposed to human strains of influenza A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) either prior to or during this study. The implications of these high prevalence and antibody titres are discussed in relation to influenza virus infection among pig handlers in Ibadan, Nigeria. We recommend that periodic investigation of circulating strains of influenza viruses in pigs and humans who handle pigs regularly in Nigeria and molecular characterization of such isolates be carried out to ensure early detection of interspecies transmission and potential future pandemic strains.
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    Intenstinal helminth and protozoan parasites of pigs reared under intensive management system in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Tropical Veterinarian, 2001) Adejinmi, J. O.; Adedokun, O.A; Ayoade, G. O.; Obadua, A. A.
    Two hundred and seventy two pigs of different age groups reared in an intensive management system in 10 different locations in Ibadan were screened for intestinal helminth and protozoan parasites. The following incidences were recorded. Ascaris suum, 25.4% Oesophagostomuir. dentatus 13.6%, TricJiiiris suis, 10.7%; Strongylodes ransomi, 7.0%; Eimeria debliecki, 31.3%, Eimeria suis, 2.2% and Balantidium coli. 0.74%. Mixed infections with these parasites were common. No helminth egg was detected in all the piglets screened. The incidence of helminth parasites increased with age. So also was the worm burden. To prevent widespread infection with these parasites strict adherence to good management and hygiene in piggery pens is recommended
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    Effect of husbandry system on the incidence of lungworm {metastrongylus spp} in pigs in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Tropical Veterinarian, 2001) Adedokun, O. A.; Adejinmi, J. O.; Ukoikpoko, G.B.
    Detection of helminth infection in pigs by faecal examination was carried out between the months of August and December 1998. Out of430 pigs 64 (14.9%) were positive for Metastrongylus spp. Of these, 10(15.6%) were adults/breeders, 40(62.5%) were weaners/growers, while 14(21.9%) were piglets. Infection rate 8.7% was found in exotic breeds, 15.3% in crossbreed and 100% in local breeds. All intensively managed farms werelungworm-freewhile28.57% and 100% infectionrate respectively, were found on semi-intensively and extensively managed piggeries. The implications of these findings to the pig industry in Nigeria are discussed