Crop Protection & Environmental Biology

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Agro-physiologic effects of compost and biochar produced at different temperatures on growth, photosynthetic pigment and micronutrients uptake of maize crop
(Academic Journals., 2016) Adejumo, S. A.; Owolabi, M. O.; Odesola, I. F.
The production and use of biochart and compost present many opportunities for soil improvement and agricultural productivity. However, the yield and performance of biochar depend on the feedstocks, pyrolysing temperatures and rate of application. Experiments were conducted to find out the effect of compost and biochar produced from two different feed stocks (Rice husk and Mexican sunflower) and pyrolysed at different temperatures (300, 350 and 400°C) on the growth, yield, nutrient uptake and chlorophyll contents of maize (Zea mays L.,). These were applied at three levels (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha) and the pots were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replicates. Data were collected on growth and yield attributes of maize, photosynthetic pigments and nutrient uptake by maize crop.The results showed that the feedstock pyrolyzed at temperature between 300 to 350°C and compost applied at higher rate between 10 to 15 ton/ha performed better. On the growth and yield parameters, compost and biochar at relatively low temperature and applied at 15 t/ha performed better than other treatments including control both at the main and residual experiments On the residual effect, the two types of biochar performed better than compost most especially sunflower biochar pyrolysed at 300 and 350°C and applied at 15 t/ha. The chlorophyll formation was enhanced more in maize treated with higher rates of biochar than lower rates. The result indicates that depending on feedstock, biochar and compost have potentials to serve as nutrient sources.
Ameliorative roles of compost on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) exposed to drought stress at vegetative and reproductive growth stages
(Society of Land Measurements and Cadastre from Transylvania - SMTCT, 2020) Ezeh, O. S.; Adejumo, S. A.
Okra growth and yield are adversely affected by drought at different growth stages. This is aggravated by poor soil fertility. In this study, the roles of compost applied at 0, 5 and 10 t/ha on the tolerance and morphophysiological response of okra (NHAe 47-4) exposed to varying levels of water stress (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% field capacity, FC), at different growth stages (vegetative, reproductive and vegetative-reproductive stages) for ten days duration were assessed. Data were collected on okra growth and yield, leaf relative water content (LRWC), leaf photosynthetic pigments (LPG) and proline accumulation. Results showed that drought stress reduced LRWC, LPG, growth and yield of Okra. This reduction was more evident in okra plants exposed to severe stress for 10 days and at the reproductive stage. Soil amendment with compost however, had cushioning effect on drought stressed okra. Compared to control, it increased the LRWC, LPG, growth and yield of okra. The ameliorative roles of compost were however, dependent on stress intensity, compost dosage, okra growth stage and stress duration. Though, okra plants stressed at 25% FC were more affected by drought stress, but compared to the un-amended soil, those grown on amended soil were more tolerant. Higher compost rate was superior to lower rates. Whereas, higher proline accumulation was recorded in plant exposed to 25% field capacity without amendment, proline accumulation was reduced in the plants grown on compost amended soil and exposed to drought which was an indication of stress reduction. Generally, okra stressed at vegetative growth stage only was able to recover rapidly and had better yield compared to those stressed at reproductive growth stage. It is concluded that addition of compost to soil could reduce the drought stress effect on okra.
Anatomical changes, osmolytes accumulation and distribution in the native plants growing on Pb-contaminated sites
(Springer, 2020) Adejumo, S. A.; |Oniosun, B.; Akpoilih, O. A.; Adeseko, A.; Arowo, D. O.
Native plants growing on heavy-metalcontaminated sites are the potential candidates for phytoremediation of contaminated sites due to their tolerance and adaptation to toxic environment. For better application of the technology, in-depth knowledge and understanding of the anatomy and physiology of these plant species are essential. In this study, anatomical changes in roots and leaves of various plant species growing on Pb-contaminated sites as well as osmolytes (proline, PR; glycine betaine, GB; and phenolics, PH) production and distribution in different plant parts were investigated. The soil and plant samples were collected in triplicates from two different Pb-contaminated sites, while control plants were collected from the University of Ibadan. The plants were washed and partitioned into different parts for anatomical and biochemical studies, and soil adhering to the roots of different plant species was collected for the determination of Pb contents. Sporobolus pyramidalis, Cynodon dactylon, Imperata cylindrica, Eleusine indica, Gomphrena celosioides, Rhinconspora corymbosa and Echinochloa colona are the plant species common to these contaminated sites. Though with variations based on the site, thick epidermis and sclerenchyma, pronounced and numerous vascular bundles as well as trichomes were some of the anatomical characteristics of these metallophytes from contaminated sites compared to their counterparts from uncontaminated site. These plants also produced PR, GB and PH, with PH being the highest followed by PR and GB. Accumulation in different parts of the plants also varied depending on the plant species and the osmolyte. They were more in the leaf than other plant parts. Among the plant species, Sporobolus pyramidalis had the highest value of proline (3.26 and 2.63 lg/g FW) and glycine betaine (3.44 and 2.23 lg/FW) in the leaf and stem, respectively, followed by Cynodon dactylon having 2.20 and 0.89 lg/g FW proline and 2.02 and 0.94 lg/g FW glycine betaine. On the Pb accumulation in plant, more lead (Pb) was found in the roots than other plant parts. Gomphrena celosioides accumulated the highest Pb (4537.50 and 1081.50 mg/kg) in the root and shoot, respectively, followed by Eleusine indica (3988 and 699.00 mg/kg), while the lowest values were recorded for Echinochloa colona (36.87 and 5.97 mg/kg). In rhizospheric soils, G. celosioides had the highest Pb content (34,405.00 mg/kg) which was higher than other rhizospheric soils. In conclusion, phenolics were produced more in these metallophytes and all the osmolytes were more in leaf than root. Anatomical modifications in response to heavy metal exposure differed between plant species and level of contamination. Lead accumulation in plant also varied depending on plant species.
Biochar in combination with compost enhanced maize growth on contaminated soil and transformed Pb to non-toxic form at the cellular level.
(INIS-IAEA (International Nuclear Information System - International Atomic Energy Agency, 2017) Adejumo, S. A.; Dada K. O.
"Biochar in combination with compost reduced Pb uptake and enhanced the growth of maize in lead (Pb)‑contaminated soil exposed to drought stress "
(Springer, 2010) Adejumo, S. A.; Arowo, D. O.; Ogundiran, M. B.; Srivastava, P.
Crops are constantly faced with the challenges of different abiotic stresses on the field. Development of sustainable approach for stress amelioration on crop is pertinent. This study investigated the ameliorative roles of biochar and compost on maize crop simultaneously subjected to drought and heavy metal (Pb) stresses. Metal stress was imposed by growing maize on Pb-contaminated soil while drought stress was imposed by reducing the soil field capacity to 25 and 50%. Four levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 t/ha) of biochar and compost replicated three times as well as their combinations were used. Pb uptake, translocation factors, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes (proline and cysteine), biomass accumulation in stressed maize crop, and post-cropping soil Pb concentration were determined. Combination of stresses reduced biomass accumulation in maize. Biochar in combination with compost, however, enhanced biomass production in stressed maize crop by 50–75% compared to unamended soil (control). Proline accumulation was more under the single stress of heavy metal (100% FC) compared to combined stresses. Unlike proline, combined stresses of Pb and 50% FC enhanced chlorophyll and cysteine accumulation more than single stress. Their concentrations were further increased with amendments compared to control. Pb accumulation in maize crop was more under combined stresses than single stress (100% FC). Compared to other soil amendments, application of biochar alone at 10 t/ha, generally reduced Pb uptake by maize and post-cropping soil Pb concentration. Biochar and compost reduced Pb uptake, and enhanced biomass and osmolyte production in stressed maize crop.
Cobalt in soils: sources, fate, bioavailability, plant uptake, remediation, and management.
(Joseph Hayton, 2022) Srivastava, P.; Bolan, N.; Casagrande, V.; Benjamin, J.; Adejumo, S. A.; Sabirg, M.; Farooqi, Z.; Saifullah.
Compost amendment, enhanced nutrient uptake and dry matter accumulation in heavy metal stressed maize crop
(The Agricultural Society of Nigeria, 2014) Adejumo, S. A.; Togun, A. O
Contamination of agricultural lands with heavy metals from industrial activities reduces crop production as a result of poor soil fertility and phytotoxicity. Field trial was conducted to assess the influence of Compost and inorganic fertilizer as well as plant growth stage on growth, nutrient uptake, dry matter accumulation and partitioning in maize crop grown on the battery waste contaminated site. Two types of compost (Mexican Sunflower (MSC) and Cassava peels (CPC) composts) were used for the experiment. These were applied at 0, 20 and 40t/ha to give Control, MSC20, MSC40, CPC20 and CPC40. Inorganic fertilizer (F1: NPK; 20:10:10) at 100kgN/ha was used. 0t/ha serves as check. Sampling was done at one month after planting (1MAP), two (2MAP) and at final harvesting. The results showed that maize plants treated with compost maintained a high rate of photosynthesis and progressively accumulated dry matter more than control and inorganic fertilizer treatments. Addition of MSC40, MSC20, CPC40, and CPC20 increased total dry matter accumulation per plant over that of control by 603.0, 190.9, 354.6 and 148.5% at 1MAP and 8764.30, 4864.3, 4957.1 and 2371.4% at 2MAP respectively. Diversion of dry matter was in favour of the vegetative part (leaf) at 1MAP, root formation at 2MAP and stem and seed formation at harvesting. It was also observed that accumulation was highly significant at 2MAP (which was the period of anthesis and grain filling) and at harvesting compared to 1MAP. At each sampling period, highest total dry matter accumulation was recorded in MSC40. F1 treatment, also increased dry matter accumulation at 1MAP by 41.5% but reduced it by 21% at 2MAP compared to control. All the maize plants on F1 and control were uprooted at 2MAP when they started dying back. Compost also increased the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorous in the maize plants compared to control with MSC40 being superior to other treatments. Nutrients accumulation was significant at harvesting. Phosphorous concentration was high in the seeds of the harvested maize plants than other plant parts. Enrichment with Compost had ameliorative effect on maize grown on Pb contaminated soil and increased nutrient and dry matter accumulation in actively growing maize crop on heavy metal contaminated soil. Assimilate accumulation and partitioning was a function of maize growth stage and soil nutrient status.
Compost and biochar assisted phytoremediation potentials of Moringa oleifera for remediation of lead contaminated soil.
(Elsevier, 2018) Ogundiran, M. B.; Mekwunyei, N. S.; Adejumo, S. A.
The aim of this study was to investigate the germination, growth, tolerance and Pb accumulation potentials of Moringa oleifera in compost and biochar amended Pb-contaminated soils for possible phytoremediation. Lead slag contaminated soil (100%–32,640 mg/kg) was diluted into three Pb contamination levels (75%, 50%, and 25%) by mixing it with uncontaminated control (0%) soil. Sunflower-poultry manure compost (Compost), rice husk biochar (RHB) and groundnut shell biochar (GSB) were applied at 10 g/kg separately to the soils in triplicates and incubated for 2 weeks. Moringa oleifera seedlings were transplanted at two weeks into the incubated soils and set up in greenhouse experiments. Plant height, stem girth, leaf number and biomass were measured at 4 and 8 weeks. Plant roots and shoots were analysed. Moringa oleifera seeds planted in the contaminated and amended contaminated soils failed to germinate. Its seedlings withered off in 100% and 75% but survived in 25% and 50% amended contaminated and control soils. It tolerated Pb contamination up to 8600 mg/kg. The concentrations of Pb in the roots and shoots of the plants at 8 weeks ranged from 930 to 2100 mg/kg and 420–1120 mg/kg respectively for both contamination levels, indicating Pb phytoaccumulation potentials of M. oleifera. Compost and RHB enhanced M. oleifera roots and shoots production. The combination of compost and M. oleifera improved Pb phytoextraction efficiency. The combination of GSB and M. oleifera improved Pb phytostabilisation efficiency. Utilisation of compost, rice RHB and GSB with M. oleifera may be recommended for phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil.
Dissolved organic matter, chemical speciation and phyto-availability of lead in contaminated soil amended with composted and un-composted organic manures. Clean-Up Conference 2015,
(CRC CARE (Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment), 2015) Adejumo, S. A.; Morakinyo O.; Ogundiran, M. B.
Effect of varying rates of commercially produced organic fertilizer on the growth and fibre yield of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.).
(African Journals OnLine (AJOL) platform, 2016) Olanipekun, S. O.; Togun, A. O.; Adejumo, S. A.; Adeniyan, O. N.
Hibiscus cannabinus L. or kenaf is a fast growing and multipurpose annual crop planted for its horticultural and economie importance. Little is known about its response to different rates of organic fertilizer in Nigeria. The objective of thè study was therefore to evaluate thè effeets of different rates of commercially produced organic fertilizer (Aleshinloye organic fertilizer to be precise) on crop growth rate, vegetative growth and biomass accumulation in kenaf Five different rates of organic fertilizer equivalent to: 0, 70, 100, 130 and 160 kg N ha'1 replicated three times were used in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). There were contrasting results on thè effects of fertilizer rates on growth and physiology of kenaf. Significant effects were observed for some agronomie parameters such as plant height, stem diameter and fibre yield. The application of organic fertilizer at varying rates increased thè bast fibre yield of thè Ifeken 400 variety of kenaf troni 67.29 g/m2 (control) to 98.70, 147.88 and 157.40 g/ni2, in those grown on soil amended with 70, 100 and 130 kg N ha'1 of organic fertilizer respectively. Organic fertilizer could be utilized for thè cultivation of kenaf in Nigeria but thè rate to apply depends on thè nutrient content of thè organic fertilizer.
Effects of compost application on remediation and the growth of maize planted on lead contaminated soil
(International Union of Soil Sciences, 2010) Adejumo, S. A.; Togun, A. O.; Adediran, J. A.; Ogundiran, M. B.
A field experiment was conducted in 2008 and 2009 to test for the effects of Mexican Sunflower (SW) and Cassava waste (CW) composts as well as inorganic fertilizer on the growth of maize planted on lead contaminated soil. Different application rates of 0t/ha, 20t/ha and 40t/ha were used for the two types of compost while inorganic fertilizer and 0t/ha were used as checks. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates. It was observed that compost application increased significantly the vegetative and yield parameters of maize and performed better than inorganic fertilizer (P<0.05). Higher dose (40t/ha) of MSW compost gave the highest plant height, dry matter yield, leaf area and grain yield. More importantly, the experiment shows that there was a reduction in the final concentration of lead in soils of all the compost treated plots by 50-70%. Though, application of compost did not restrict the uptake of lead by the maize crop the concentrations were lower than those of control and inorganic fertilizer plants. Higher concentrations were also detected in the root than other plant parts. This method of remediation could be recommended for restoration of lead contaminated sites.
Evaluation of lead and chromium tolerance and accumulation level in Gomphrena Celosoides: a novel metal accumulator from lead acid battery waste contaminated site in Nigeria
(Taylor & Francis, 2019) Adejumo, S. A.; Tiwari, S.; Thul, S.; Sarangi, B. K.
Biology, tolerance, and metal (Pb and Cr) accumulating ability of Gomphrena celosoides were studied under hydroponic conditions. The seedlings were raised in Hoagland’s solution containing different concentrations of Pb (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000mg l_1) and Cr (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, and 400mg l_1). Biomass and metal accumulation in different plant parts were determined at seven (7) and fourteen (14) days after stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities, protein, and proline contents were estimated in stressed and unstressed plants. Gomphrena celosoides was able to tolerate Pb and Cr concentrations up to 4000 and 100mg l_1, respectively in hydroponic solution. Metal accumulation was concentration and duration dependent with the highest Pb (21,127.90 and 117,985.29mg kg_1) and Cr (3130.85 and 2428.90mg kg_1) in shoot and root, respectively found in the plants exposed to 5000mg l_1 Pb and 400mg l_1 Cr for 14 days. Proline, antioxidant enzyme activities, and protein contents were the highest in plant exposed to higher Pb and Cr concentrations for 7 and 14 days. Gomphrena celosoides could be considered as Pb and Cr accumulator with proline and increase in antioxidant enzyme activities being the tolerance mechanisms
Exogenous proline and hormone in combination with compost improves growth and tolerance of maize under heavy metal stress
(Plants and Environmental Research Institute (PERI), Kanpur, India, 2020) Adejumo, S. A.; Awoyemi, V.; Togun, A. O.
Abiotic stress such as heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil limits crop production by disrupting plant’s physiological activities and seed germination. Exogenous proline, hormone and compost have been used to induce growth and stress tolerance in crop but little is known about their interactive and anti-oxidative roles in crop exposed to heavy metal stress. This study assessed the effects of pre-sowing seed soaking with exogenous proline (P) and hormones (Gibberellic acid; GA and Indole-acetic acid; IAA) on the Pb accumulation, osmolytes (P, phenolics; PH and Glycine betaine; GB), Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) and stress indexes (H2O2 and malonialdehyde; MDA) of maize grown on compost amended Pb (23,959 mg kg-1 Pb) contaminated soil. Compost was applied at 20 t ha-1 and 40 t ha-1, P, GA and IAA were applied at 10 mM and 5 mM solely and in combinations to give a total of 34 treatments including control (Distilled water only) and replicated 3 times. Except in IAA treatment, seed pre-treatments with exogenous P and GA and soil amendment with compost generally enhanced chlorophyll production in maize and reduced GB, carotenoids, H2O2 and MDA in treated seeds compared to control. With regards to stress indexes G2+C1 gave the lowest values. Sole application of P1, P2, C2, G1 and I2 enhanced the production of proline in treated plants compared to combined application. Combination with compost was better than hormonal combination. A combination of P2 with C (40 t ha-1) (P2C2) gave the maximum chlorophyll content and reduced the endogenous GB and P. Treatment with P2C2 also reduced Pb accumulation in plant. In conclusion, exogenous application of hormones and proline in combination with organic amendment induces heavy metal tolerance in maize and increased protection against oxidative stress compared to contaminated control. The technique that can enhance crop growth on contaminated soil, reduce metal uptake and provide osmo-protection could be a promising approach.
Field assessment of progressive remediation of soil contaminated with lead-acid battery waste in response to compost application
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2011) Adejumo, S. A.; Togun, A. O.; Adediran, J. A.; Ogundiran, M. B.
Addition of compost to heavy metal-contaminated soil has been employed to remediate contamination. Such rectification, however, depends on the type of compost and the contaminant involved. The efficacy of Mexican sunflower (MSC) and Cassava peel (CPC) composts applied at 0, 20 and 40 t/ha as well as inorganic fertilizer (NPK, 20:10:10) (100 kg N/ha) on the remediation of a battery waste-contaminated site in Ibadan, Nigeria was assessed. No compost or NPK fertilizer served as the control. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Soil analysis before and at 1, 2, 3 and 12 months after compost application was carried out. Mean lead (Pb) concentration (134,000 mg/kg) was high at this site. Twelve months after treatment, MSC and CPC applied at 40 t/ha had reduced the plant available lead concentration in the soil by 69 and 49%, respectively, whereas 20 t/ha had reduced the concentration by 58 and 34%, respectively. The relationships between soil lead and organic matter content (r = -0.75), phosphorous (r = -0.59) and pH (r = -0.77) were negative. NPK fertilizer had a limited effect (7% reduction) on Pb. Application of MSC at 40 t/ha brought about a remarkable reduction in Pb concentration.
Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) as Influenced by Compost Application under Different Light Intensities.
(Society of Land Measurements and Cadastre from Transylvania (SMTCT), 2015) Dada, V. A.; Adejumo, S. A.
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is one of the popular vegetables, especially rich in iron, vitamins and other minerals. Poor soil fertility and inconsistent light intensity, due to unfavorable weather condition, reduce okra performance. Response of two okra varieties (NH47-4 and Clemson spine) to different rates of compost (0, 5, 10 and 15 t/ha), under different light intensities (L0: control (no reduction) or 100% light intensity, L1: 33%, L2: 46% and L3: 76%, light reduction) were assessed in pot and field trials. The experimental design was a factorial experiment fitted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Data on growth and yield attributes were collected. The results showed that the reduction in light intensity (L3) increased the numbers of fruits and leaf area by 50 and 47% respectively on the field, but delayed flowering. High light intensity (L0) though enhanced leaf area formation and early flowering, but hastened leaf senescence and abscission. Compost generally increased growth rate, leaf area and dry matter accumulation of the two okra cultivars compared to control under varying light intensities. Compost at 15 t/ha performed better and increased fruit number by 66% on the field. Among the two cultivars, Clemson spine responded better than NH47-4 plants in terms of yield. Low light intensity (76% light reduction) in combination with higher compost rate however enhanced prolonged fruiting and leaf formation in the two okra varieties. The application of compost at 15 t/ha is therefore recommended for optimum yield of okra under low light intensity.
Growth and yield response of Moringa oleifera (Lam) to different rates, method and timing of compost application.
(Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, 2013) Adejumo, S. A.; Olaleye, O. O.
Moringa oleifera (L) production is recently being advocated for its outstanding phytochemical components with high medicinal values. However, its production is being threatened with poor soil fertility most especially in urban areas. Field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of time, rate and method of compost application on the growth and yield of Moringa oleifera. Composts made from Mexican sunflower and poultry manure, applied at 2.5t/ha (CI) and 5.0t/ha (C2), with two methods of application (surface; MI and drilling: M2) and applied at different times of application (2 weeks before transplanting: T1 and 2 weeks after transplanting: T2) to give nine treatments (CIMITI, C2MITI, CIMITI, C2M2TI, CIMIT2, C2MIT2, CIM2T2, C2M2T2 and Control). The treatments were arranged using Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Data were collected on vegetative development such as number of leaves, number of branches, stem diameter and plant height formightly for 12 weeks beginning from four weeks after transplanting (4WAT). At 12 weeks, the plants were uprooted and separated into roots, stems and leaves for fresh and dry weights determination. The post-cropping soil analysis was also carried out following standard procedure. Results indicated that compost treatments significantly enhanced growth parameters (P ≤0.05). C2M2T2 was superior to other compost treatments. It gave the highest number of leaves, number of branches. stem diameter and plant height. Fresh weight and dry matter accumulation were also influenced by organic amendment compared to control, Soil analysis result showed that amendment with compost generally increased soil nitrogen, available phosphorus, and organic carbon content of the soil. It could be concluded that 5t/ha of compost, applied after transplanting using drilling method increased the cumulative yield of Moringa oleifera.
Growth, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents of tea (Camellia Sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) under varied light intensity in Southwest Nigeria
(Elixir International Journal, 2023) Adeosun, A.; Togun, A. O.; Adejumo, S. A.
The nutritive and anti-oxidative properties of tea have made it the most widely consumed beverage in many parts of the world. Warm climatic conditions arising from high light intensity however, constitutes a major constraint to tea cultivation in South-Western Nigeria. Reduction in the Light Intensity (LI) is therefore, fundamental to the possible expansion of tea production in this zone. A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different light intensities on growth, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids contents of two tea cultivars at two locations (Ibadan and Owena). The experiment was a factorial of eight treatments; Two tea cultivars (143 and 318), Four levels of light intensity-(25%=2.40x104lux, 45%=4.57x104lux, 65%=6.75x104lux and 100%=1.04x105lux: control). These were achieved by using sheds of 4, 2, 1 and 0 palm fronds layers, respectively. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with four replications. Data were collected on Number of Leaves (NL), Leaf Area (LA, cm2), Plant Height (PH, cm), leaf abscission as well as chlorophyll and carotenoids contents (mg/g). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. The result revealed that Cultivar 143 performed significantly better than 318 with 25.23±9.74NL, 665.93±297.54LA in Ibadan and 25.38±9.82NL, 898.23±670.34LA in Owena. Tea plants under 45 and 65% LI had higher NL, LA and PH compared to those grown under 25 and 100% LI in Ibadan and Owena. Highest leaf abscission (15.44±3.89 and 23.13±7.22 dropped leaves in Ibadan and Owena, respectively) was obtained in C143 under 100% LI; while the least (6.84±3.89 and 4.78±7.22 dropped leaves in Ibadan and Owena, respectively) was obtained in C318 under 45% LI. In Ibadan, chlorophyll and carotenoids increased from 1.11±0.83 and 0.30±0.15, respectively in C318 under 100% LI to 3.15±0.83 in C143 under 25% LI and 0.6±0.15 in C318 under 45% LI; while in Owena, chlorophyll and carotenoids increased from 1.05±0.87 and 0.29±0.30, respectively in C143 under 100% LI to 2.97±0.87 and 0.83±0.30 in C318 under 25% LI. Conclusively, light intensities of 45% (4.57x104lux ) - 65% (6.75x104lux) enhanced optimal vegetative growth, reduced leaf abscission, increased chlorophyll and carotenoids accumulation of tea cultivar 143 which was more adaptable to Ibadan and Owena, Southwest Nigeria.
Heavy metal (Pb) accumulation in metallophytes as influenced by the variations in rhizospheric and non- rhizospheric Soils physico-chemical characteristics.
(Taylor & Francis., 2018) Adejumo, S. A.; Tiwari, S.; Shinde, V.; Sarangi, B. K.
Activities at root-soil interface determine the solubility and uptake of metals by plants. Metal accumulation in plant species (Imperata cylindrical, Cynodon dactylon, Eleucine indica, Gomphrena celosoides, Sporobolus pyramidalis, Chromolaena odorata and Rhynchospora corymbosa) growing on Pb contaminated site as influenced by variations in physico-chemical characteristics, dissolved organic matter (DOM), Pb fractionation and different functional groups (using Fourier Transmittance Infra-red) of rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soils was assessed. The electrical conductivity (2660–5520 ms) and Pb concentrations (51390.0–64080.0 mg/kg) were more in non-rhizospheric than rhizospheric soils having 276 ms to 3160 ms EC and 3289.0 to 44850.0 mg/kg Pb. More nutrients, DOM and carbohydrates functional groups (C-O; 1100 -1000 and O-H; 3700–3600) were found in rhizospheric compared to non-rhizospheric soils. The pH was slightly acidic (5.0–5.54) and E. indica with the lowest pH (5.0) accumulated highest Pb concentrations in shoot (8030 mg/kg) and root (16380 mg/kg) while C. odorata with highest values of pH, P, Ca and Mg in rhizospheric soil accumulated the least (root; 331.6 and shoot: 209.0 mg/kg). Pb was more in organic and residual fractions of rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soils respectively. Reduction in pH, EC coupled with nutrients and DOM availability increased Pb uptake by plants.
Influence of Compost, Indole-3-acetic Acid and Gibberellic Acid application on productivity of Jatropha
(Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T),, 2020) Odeleye, I. S.; Togun, A. O.; Adejumo, S. A.; Adediji, I. T.; Muhamman, M. A.
The problem of climate change on agricultural production and human health has brought about global need for alternative source of energy like biodiesel. In order to meet thè global demand for biodiesel, strategies to improve growth and yield of Jatropha would be of great importance. A single application of plant growth hormones (PGH) and compost was evaluated on thè growth and yield parameters of Jatropha curcas. The experiments comprises of three concentrations ( 100 mg\l, 150 mg\l and 200 mg\l) each of indole 3 acetic acid and gibberellic acid and three rates ( 10 t\ha, 20 fvha and 40 t\ha) of compost and thè untreated soil which served as thè control. Each treatment was in four replications set up in a completely randomized design (CRD). The results revealed that gibberellic acid at 150mg\l and indole-3-acetic acid at 200 mg\l significantly (P<0.05) increased thè chlorophyll content, growth and dry matter yield parameters of Jatropha. However, growth and yield of Jatropha curcas were improved by thè application of compost compared to thè control, (7.25 to 9.00, 18.08 to 19.23 and 2.80 to 3.25 for number of leaves/plant, leaf area and stem girth respectively). The values were not as high when compared to plants treated with plant growth hormones. Hence, gibberellic acid or indole-3-acetic acid at 150 mg\l and 200 mg\l respectively could be used for rapid development of seedlings.
Influence of different fertilizer application rates on growth and yield components of two maize varieties in a forest-savannah-transition agro - ecology zone
(Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria., 2018) Anjorin, F. B.; Adejumo, S. A.; Adediran, J. A.; Adebayo, A. K.; Ogunniyan, D. J.; Olanipekun, S. O.
Field study on the influence of fertilizer application on growth and yield components of maize was carried out in 2015 and 2016 at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (I.A.R&T), Ibadan Station. Two maize varieties (ILE-1-OB and TZPBSR-W) were evaluated under three rates of NPK 20-10-10: 0, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1, one rate of Tithonia compost; 10 t ha-1 (representing 10.7 kg N ha-1) and two rates of NPK and Tithonia compost combinations (50 kg N ha-1+10 t ha-1 and 100 kg N ha-1+10 t ha-1) using randomized complete block design (r=3) arrangement. Selected maize plants were assessed for plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2), stem diameter (cm), number of ears per plant, number of rows per cob, number of kernels per row, number of kernels per cob, 1000-kernel weights and grain yield. Various growth and yield components evaluated increased significantly with increased fertilizer application. Combinations of 50 kg N ha-1+ 10 t ha-1 and 100 kg N ha-1+10 t ha-1 enhanced growth and yield performances of maize better than sole applications of 50 or 100 kg N ha-1. Highest grain yield was obtained under 50 kg N ha-1 +10 t ha-1 (5.26, 5.82 t ha-1) and 100 kg N ha-1 + 10 t ha-1 (5.78, 5.91 t ha-1) in 2015 and 2016 respectively. The use of 50 kg N ha-1 inorganic fertilizer in combination with 10 t ha-1 (10.7 kg N ha-1) Tithonia compost adequately enhanced growth and yield performance of maize in the Forest-Savannah-Transition agro - ecology zone of Nigeria.