Crop Protection & Environmental Biology

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Allelopathic potential of some biocontrol agents for the control of fungal rot of yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis Lam)
(2015) Dania, V. O; Fadina, O.O; Ayodele, M..; Kumar, P. L.
The adverse effects of synthetic pesticides on human health and natural ecosystem necessitate the need to explore natural mechanisms of disease control in plants. This study evaluated the allelopathic potential of five biocontrol agents: Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma asperellum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens in the control of six fungal pathogens associated with tuber rot of Dioscorea cayenensis. Rotten tuber samples were randomly collected across three agro-ecological zones (AEZs): humid rainforest (HF), derived savanna (DS), and southern Guinea savanna (SGS) in Nigeria. Biocontrol agents were isolated from the yam rhizosphere using the serial dilution method; the agar paring method was used for the in vivo trials. The destruction sampling method was used to evaluate rot control by the antagonists in vivo. Aspergillus niger had the highest incidence of 64.71% across the HF, 52.08% across the DS, and 41.98% across the SGS. B. subtilis had the highest inhibitory zone of 16.7+0.05% when paired with A. niger, 15.4+ 0.01% with Lasiodiplodia theobromate, 14.0 + 0.33% with Penicillium oxalicum, 7.1 + 0.14% when paired with Rhizoctonia solani: 17.1 + 0.11% with Sclerotium rolfisii, and 10.3 + 0.94% with Fusarium oxysporum. All biocontrol agents significantly (P=0.05) reduced rot development of the test pathogens relative to the control in the in vivo experiment. The establishment of a distant zone of inhibition, especially by the bacterial antagonist attests to the fact that they produced allelochemical substances. Therefore, further research is recommended to evaluate the biochemical composition of these microbial metabolites, their level of toxicity, and fate in the environment
The Antifungal and nematicidal potentials of vernonia amygdalina on cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp)
(2013) Onoja, C.U; Fadina, O.O
Vernonia amygdalina is a herbaceous plant that grows in the wild and is widely cultivated as food crop in sub-Saharan Africa. The study evaluated its fungicidal and nematicidal Potentials. Isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina were obtained from germinating cowpea variety IT845-2246-4 growing on natural infested soil at screen house in International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria (70 261 N, 50 541 E) and then subcultured to achieve pure culture, while inculum of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne sp. was obtained from infested Celosia sp. plants through Standard pathological and hematological procedures. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of V. amygdalina at various concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10% were prepared and tested in-vitro against Macrophomina phaseolina and the root knot nematode Meloidogyne sp. At incubation of 27.50C-30C for 7-days, radial growth of the plated M. phaseolina was measured at 24-hour intervals and percentage fungitoxicity calculated, while Meloidogyne sp. egg hatch and Td juvenile stage mortality were observed at 24-hour intervals for a 10- day period. Fungitoxicity tests showed aqueous extracts of 5% and 10% concentration significant/y inhibited mycelia growth (32.08% and 34.77%, respectively) when compared with the control Ethanol extracts exhibited 100% fungicidal activity. Furthermore, egg hatch by Meloidogyne sp. was completely inhibited by both extracts preparation at 2.5% and 5% concentrations while 100% mortality of Meloidogyne sp. juveniles was observed on the fifth day post-treatment. Vernonia amygdalina was identified as a natural, readily available and cheap source of fungicide and nematicide. It is recommended for control of charcoal rot infection and Meloidogyne sp. infestation of cowpea.
Bacterial Degradation of Contaminated Soil using Organic Manure
(2018) Fadina, O. O.; Solaja, O; Abiodun, A; Adetoyi, H.
Soil contamination is the presence in soil of unwanted impure materials from human activities. Many techniques of remediation of contaminated soils have been developed such as physical, chemical, photo degradation etc. Biological treatments offer the best environmental friendly method for remediating hydrocarbons and other contaminated soils because it utilized the capability of the indigenious micro-organisms in the environment to break down the hydrocarbons and heavy metals into innocuous substances. This study investigated the abilities of bacterial isolated, identified from organic manure and determine the total petroleum hydrocarbon degradative potentials. 2kg of soil was thoroughly mixed with 200ml and 400ml of spent oil to give 5% and 10% (w/w) each of organic manure ,poultry litter(PL),cow dung(CD) and mixed poultry litter and cow dung(MPLCD) was individually introduced into each spent oil contaminated soil and the rate of biodegradation was observed for a period of 12weeks.The percentage of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) loss was significantly higher in the soil contaminated with 5% spent oil amended with MPLCD(40.46%) followed by PL (35.53%) and CD(27.70%) while 32.42% loss only was recorded in the soil contaminated with 10% spent oil and amended with MPLCD while PL was 30.04% and 25.60% for CD. The hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria isolated band identified includes Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Microccus and Staphyloccus. The amendment spent oil contaminated soil with organic manure enhances the rate of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon. These additives can best be suited to remove or neutralize the contaminants in the soil
Biological Control of Root Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) On Tissue Cultural Banana (Dwarf Carvendish Var. Basarai)
(2004) Fadina, O. O; Nadgauda, S. R
Biocontrol powder Phule Trichoderma has been successfully used on a number of horticultural crops. The present investigation was carried out to explore the nematicidal properties of Phule Trichoderma against the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) infesting the tissue culture banana (Dwarf Cavendish - var. Basarai). In vitro tests slowed that the various concentrations of Phule Trichoderma prevented nematode egg hatching and also resulted in 100% mortality of nematode juveniles. Tissue culture banana plants were also dipped into various concentrations of Phule Trichoderma before planting out into plastic bags. Plant were inoculated with 250 nematode juveniles and alter ten days, the roots were stained with cotton blue lactophenol and nematodes were counted under a dissecting microscope. The results indicated that the higher the concentration of Phule Trichoderma in banana plants, the lower the ability of the nematode to penetrate the roots. Furthermore, the nematode juveniles that penetrated the treated roots were found dead. This could have resulted from the toxic metabolites produced front Phule Trichoderma. Also, root zone treatment of plants treated with Phule Trichoderma prevented the development of giant cells and roots knots in treated plants while the development of giant cells and root knots were observed in untreated plants exposed to nematode infestation.
Biology and Ecology of the Leafroller (Sylepta derogata Fabricius) on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)
(2012-07) IYAMU, J. I.
Sylepta derogata, Fabricius a major insect pest, defoliates and causes enormous yield loss in Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench. Control of the pest with chemicals and other methods have not been successful due to scanty information on the biology and ecology of the pest. This study was conducted to assess the biology and ecology of Sylepta derogata on Abelmoschus esculentus. Abelmoschus esculentus was planted in early (March-June, 2009), mid (July-September, 2009) and late (November 2009-January,2010) seasons at the Crop Garden of the Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design in four replicates. Larval population of S. derogata was estimated on 23 randomly selected plants/replicate. Data were collected on temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and percentage field infestation. Leaves of weeds around the experimental plot were observed for habitation and damage by S. derogata. Observations were made on the presence of natural enemies on S. derogata in the field and identified in the laboratory. The life cycle of S. derogata was investigated in the field under natural weather conditions of 22oC-31oC, 39-90% relative humidity and mean rainfall of 2.8 mm. In the laboratory, assessment was done under room temperature of 24oC-28oC and 79-92% relative humidity, on the reproductive biology, development and morphometrics of immature stages of S. derogata. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation and ANOVA at P=0.05. The field population of S. derogata larvae was highest in November and December with 96.2% larval infestation while it was lowest in July and August with 16.1% and 11.3% infestation respectively coinciding with the highest fruit yield. A significant (P=0.05) inverse relationship was observed between S. derogata abundance; and each of rainfall (r = -0.80) and temperature only (r = -0.85) in early season, rainfall (r = -0.28) and temperature (r = -0.17) in mid-season and temperature (r = -0.73) in late season when rainfall receded. However, a significant (P=0.05) direct relationship was observed between S. derogata abundance and relative humidity at the late season planting (r = 0.18). The mean developmental period from egg to adult was 28 days. The life cycle consisted of egg, five larval stages, pre-pupa, pupa and adult stages. The mean oviposition period was 2 days. The head capsule width ranged from 0.2mm in the first instar to 2.1mm in the fifth instar. The growth index of 1.8 recorded did not conform to Dyar’s rule of 1.4. The females were significantly larger in size than the males. The sex ratio was 1.5:1 (male: female). Apanteles sp was the natural enemy identified on S. derogata which could be used as biological control agent of the larval stages of S. derogata, while the alternative host plant was Solanum nigrum. Late season planting of Okra requires control measures. Apanteles sp can be used in the control of S. derogata on okra. The short developmental period of S. derogata indicates the possibility of this pest completing two generations on okra during the growing season thereby increasing the larval population and leaf damage.
Cassava micropropagation in a developing economy: efficacy of the use of alternative sources of water, macro and micro-nutrients
(Science Association of Nigeria, 2003) Balogun, M. O.; Ng, S. Y. C.; Fawole, I.
The effect of water, micro- and macro-nutrient source on growth and development of cassava plantlets was investigated. Two varieties of cassava (TME 2 and TMS 4(2) 1425) were used. The double- distilled water currently being used was substituted with well water, IITA tap water and water from air conditioner (a/c); while the Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium popularly adopted as the source of macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients and vitamins was also substituted with fertilizers and multimineral tablet. Percentage root formation, plantlet formation and number of roots per plantlet were considerably reduced when tap water was used in TMS 4(2) 1425 but not in TME 2. Well water and a/c water performed equally well as double-distilled water in supporting plantlet growth and development. Almost all the plantlets grown in medium with fertilizer as macro-nutrient source did not survive while those grown in medium with multimineral tablet as micro-nutrient source appeared stunted. Most of those grown in medium with both fertilizer and multimineral tablet as macro- and micro-nutrient sources also did not survive. MS basal medium still proved to be the best in supporting plantlet growth and development, it was however the most expensive.
Clean breeder seed yam tuber production using temporary immersion bioreactors
(International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, 2017) Balogun, M.; Maroya, N.; Taiwo, J.; Ajayi, A.; Ossai, C.; Lava, K.; Pelemo, O.; Aighewi, B.; Asiedu, R.
Combining ability and heterosis for fibre yield traits in Nigeria kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Collections
(The Genetics Society of Nigeria, 2014) Akisanya, A. O.; Balogun, M. O.
Kenafas a renewable fibre crop is known to yield lower in Nigeria than in other countries of the world. An experiment was conducted at the University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, where sixteen (16) crosses were made among four (4) Nigeria kenaf (Hibicuscannabinus) accessions to investigate the combining ability and heterosis for fibre yield traits in the hybrids. The parents and progenies were planted in three replicates in a randomized complete block design. Data were collected on plant height, stem diameter and girth at flowering and at harvest, as well as stalk weight at harvest and means separated at P=0.05. Results showed no significant differences among genotypes at flowering and for stalk weight at harvest. Higher general combining ability (GCA) over specific combining ability (SCA) was recorded for all characters at harvest. Only accession NHC 10(1) had a positive GCA for height at harvest (21.84) and girth at harvest (1.09). The highest SCA effects were recorded in cross NHC 10(1) X NHC 2(2) for all measured traits. In contrast, the highest positive mid-parentheterosis (28.02%) was obtained in the reciprocal cross NHC 15 X NHC 10(1)followed by NHC 2(2) X NHC 10(1) (25.76%) for HAH. Both crosses had parent NHC 10(1) to be one of their respective parents. Thus, this study identified hybrids NHC 15 X NHC 10(1) and NHC 2(2) XNHC 10(1) as promising for improvement of fibre yield traits. However, performances of these hybrids need to be evaluated in multi-locational and on-farm trials prior to commercial use.
Comparative assessment of three sources of crude cassava water extract as bio-herbicide
(2013) Fayinminu, O. O.; Fadina, O.O; Olabiyi, T. I
Two experiments were conducted at Owode- Ijako in Ogun State, Nigeria between September 2006 and April 2007 to investigate the efficacy of three sources of Crude Cassava Water Extract (CCWE) as post emergence herbicide on weeds of cowpea. The trials were arranged in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The treatments were 25% and 50% of Bulk sample, MS6 and TMS extracts respectively, and two controls; unweeded and handweeded in each trial. Herbicidal efficacies of CCWE in controlling cowpea weeds were evaluated using phytotoxicity, weed biomass and density. The results showed that spraying CCWE of Bulk and MS6 at 50% on cowpea weed caused 40 and 50% phytotoxicity respectively. There was no significant difference in weed biomass (65.3% and 74.5%) and weed density (79.92 and 80.33) of CCWE of bulk sample and MS6 respectively. Whereas handweeded achieved 98.68% and 96.65% weed biomass and density respectively. The growth attributes such as plant height, number of leaves and leaf area differed significantly due to different treatments. Grain yield and yield components of cowpea were significantly influenced by the application of CCWE from the three sources. Highest grain yield (540kg/ha) was recorded in handweeded plots but was comparable to plots sprayed with 50% CCWE of bulk samples (450kg/ha) and MS6 (430kg/ha) while least grain yield was recorded in unweeded plots.
Comparative effects of explant sources and genotypes on microtuberization in yams (Dioscorea spp.)
(Wiley InterScience, 2004) Balogun, M. O.; Ng, S. Y. C.; Shiwachi, H.; Ng, N. Q.; Fawole, I.
Single node cuttings of two genotypes each of Dioscorea alata and D. rotundata from both plants grown in screen houses and in vitro plantlets were cultured in a tuberization medium. The screen house explants had significantly higher plantlet tuberization and primary nodal complex formation, and more tubers and primary nodal complexes per plantlet than in vitro explants, whereas in vitro explants performed better only in nodes per plantlet. It appears that in vitro tuberization is explant- , species- and genotype-dependent, the greatest variation being due to explant source. This is a first report of microtuber production from nodal explants of D. rotundata produced in a screen house.
Comparative Effects of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Extracts and Karate (Lambdacyhalothrin) in the Control of the Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Incognita) on Celosia Argentea
(2013) Okafor, S. A.; Fadina, O.O
In order to compare the effects of lambdacyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethriods and neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts in the control of the root knot nematode of Celosia argentea, two weeks old plants of C.argentea were inoculated with 7,000 eggs of Meloidogyne incognita. Seven days after inoculation, the plants were treated with two concentrations of lambdacyhalothrin at 6,000ppm and 3,000ppm and neem oil extract at 2.14 ml/kg and 4.28ml/kg of soil. Untreated nematode-inoculated C.argentea plants served as negative control while uninoculated C. argentea plants served as positive control. Three weeks after inoculated and subsequently till the 8th week, data were collected on growth parameters such as stem height, number of leaves and yield parameters such as fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, and root galling indices. There were significant differences between the untreated-nematode inoculated plants, had the lowest values. There were also no significant differences between Lambdacyhalothrin-treated plants at both 6000ppm and 3000ppm for all the parameters considered. Thus, neem oil at 2.14 ml/kg of soil is recommended as an alternative for Lambdacyhalothrin at 6000ppm and 3000ppm concentrations in the control of root knot nematode of C.argentea since the leaf is the most important part and in view of its environment friendliness
Degradation of Spent Oil Contaminated Soil Using Fungi from Organic Manure
(2019) Fadina, O. O.; Solaja, O; Abiodun, A; Adetoyi, H
Soil is the key component of natural ecosystem because environmental sustainability depends largely on a sustainable soil ecosystem. Microbial breakdown of hydrocarbon pollutants is generally a very slow proceed, but it could be optimum biodegradation can only occur if the right environmental condition such as pH, temperature, nutrients and relevant microbial consortia are present, as well as the pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons caused a major change in the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The aim of this study is to determine the total petroleum Hydrocarbon degradative potentials of the intrinsic microbes. Two kilograms (2kg) of soil was thoroughly mixed with 200ml and 400ml of spent oil to give 5% and 10% contamination levels and a set of control was kept at 0%, 10%(w/w) each of the organic manure from poultry litter (PL), Cow dung (CD), and the mixed poultry litter and cow dung (MPLCD) was individually introduced into each spent oil contaminated soil and the rate of biodegradation was monitored for a period of 12 weeks. The percentage of total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) loss was significantly higher in the soil contaminated with MPLCD (40.46%) followed by PL (35.53%) and CD (27.70%) while 32.42% loss only was recorded in the soil contaminated with 10% spent oil and amended with MPLCD while PL was 30.04% and 25.60% for CD. The hydrocarbon-initializing fungi isolated and identified include Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. The amendment of spent oil contaminated soil with organic manure can significantly enhance the rate of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon. These activities can be used to remove or neutralize the contaminants of the soil, by petroleum hydrocarbon
Development of high yielding, late maturing kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus) using gamma irradiation
(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009) Balogun, M. O.; Akande, S. R.; Raji, J. A.; Ogunbodede, B. A.; Agbaje, G. O.; Adeyeye, O. O.
Effect of phytohormones and genotype on meristem and shoot tip culture of teifaira occidentalis hook F
(Elewa Biosciences Journals, 2012) Adesoye, A. I.; Okooboh, G. O.; Akande, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.; Odu, B. O.
Objectives: The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators (PGR), genotype and explant type on in vitro shoot induction, elongation, and multiplication in Telfairia occidentalis. Methodology and Results: In this study attempts were made to induce shoots from meristem and shoot tip culture of Telfairia occidentalis Hook F. Shoot apical meristems with 1-2 leaf primordia and shoot tip explants were aseptically isolated and cultured on ½ N6 medium supplemented with different combinations of 2mg/l BAP, IAA and kinetin. Explants were derived from seedlings of two T. occidentalis genotypes grown in sterilized soils inside vials in the laboratory. Regeneration response were examined based on five parameters – callus formation, shoot length, number of shoots per explant, number of leaves per explant and number of nodes. Shoot induction, elongation and multiplication were most effectively promoted by the medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/lBAP + 2.0 mg/l IAA for shoot tip culture, while 2.0 mg/l BAP was most effective for shoot regeneration from meristem culture. Genotype I was significantly higher than Genotype II in shoot bud regeneration response (p<0.05). Culture of explants from shoot tip led to better shoot egeneration in comparison to explants from meristem. Callus formation/induction was also influenced by explants and media interaction. Conclusion and Application of Findings: In vitro shoot induction from meristem and shoot tip culture of T. occidentalis has been demonstrated. These in vitro culture procedures would be useful for developing uniform clones or micropropagation and could also form the basis for in vitro storage of explants and subsequent regeneration of plantlets after long term conservation in this species. The recalcitrant nature its seeds makes alternative means of genetic resources conservation very necessary. More importantly, meristem culture technique is useful for developing virus-free clones and avoids the limitations imposed by conventional mode of planting. Calli produced could also be excellent targets for genetic transformation and improvement of this species.
Effect of Spent Lubricating Oil on Some Growth Parameters of Two Varieties (TGXl485 - ID and TGXl448 - 2E) of Soybeans, (Glyzine max. merril)
(2002) Mbong, G. A; Fadina, O.O; Focho, B. A,; Azo, W. M; Seino, R. A.
The effects of spent lubricating oil on the growth of two varieties of soybean (TG x 1485-ID; (V1)) and (TG x 1448-2E; (V2)) were investigated in the laboratory and greenhouse experiments. In all the plants treated with spent lubricating oil, germination was delayed when compared with the Controls. Also results from growth parameters such as stem height/plant, number of leaves/plants, - number of nodes/plants and number of branches/plant indicated that spent lubricating oil had some adverse effects on the growth of soybeans. However, V1 seems to be more tolerant to contamination by spent lubricating oil in terms of growth indices than V2, which suffered most. Generally, while V2 produced a net higher dry pod weight/plant, V1 produced less dry weight/plant. It was generally observed in the study that with increasing level of oil contamination, the toxicity of the oil was more pronounced
Effects of basal medium and plant growth regulator regimes on meristem and nodal cultures in white yam (D. rotundata)
(International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2017) Ajayi, A.; Balogun, M.; Maroya, N.; Asiedu, R.
Effects of dichlorvos (DDV P) on the haematological properties of wistar rats
(2015) Olaoye, S. O; Fadina, O.O; Fayinminnu, O. O.; Adedire, O. M.; Ogundipe, W. F; Fajobi, A. K.; Farinu, A. O
The potential sub-chronic toxicological effects of oral administration of Dichlorvos (DDVP) on wistar rats was investigated for a period of 6 weeks. Thirty-two (32) wistar rats (equal number of both sexes) were uniformly divided into two groups while each comprised of 4 divisions with four rats each, At the end of experiment, animals were sacrificed and heamatogical test was carried out to investigate the possible toxicological effects of the oral administration of the pesticide on the rats. Results generally showed a dose-pendant response with PCV, Kb, RBC and Plan values that are significantly different from each (P<0.05) among the male rats while PCV and RBC values are significantly different from each other (P<0.05) while all other heamatological parameters in both sexes showed no significantly difference from each other at P<0.05. This result suggests that ingestion of the pesticides (Dichlorvos) may not be toxic at the doses investigated
Effects of lead on performance and nutrient quality of two cowpea varieties
(2003) Fadina, O.O; Opeolu, B. O
The effects of lead on plant growth, yield and nutrient quality of two cowpea varieties (IT94K-4403 and IT93KZ-8-21-23-3) were studied. Soil and seeds analyses for lead before planting and after harvest revealed variable decreases in lead levels in contaminated soil after harvest. While lead was not detectable in the planted and harvested seeds. There were no significant differences in the various lead contamination levels with respect to germination days and maturation days. Lead contamination was found to have adverse effects on the yield of cowpea. The variety IT94K-4403 showed no variation in protein after harvest with the different levels of lead contamination, IT93KZ-8-21-23-3 on the other hand showed variable deceases in protein content.
Effects of particle size, stem component and genotype on absorbency of kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus L.) grown in Nigeria for oil spill clean-up
(Scientific Research Publishing Inc., 2016) Balogun, M. O.; Raji, A. O.
The efficacies of different products made from different parts of the stem of different varieties of kenaf grown in Nigeria as oil absorbents were tested. Particle sizes, genotypes and whether mixed or sole stem core or bast differed among the treatments. The fibre component sank in water, and so was not buoyant; the core was partially buoyant while the mixed fibre and core was completely buoyant. Sorption capacity was the highest in the ground whole stem (8.16 g oil/g sorbent), which also retained (6.31 g oil/g sorbent) the highest quantity of oil. Sorption and retention of oil were the lowest in the fibre (1.66 and 0.69 g oil/g sorbent, respectively). After the first use, only the ground stem can be used to re-absorb up to 1.97 g oil/g sorbent of used sorbent. A mixture of genotypes was more absorbent than a single genotype. The implications of these findings in absorbency research are discussed.
Effects of plant growth regulators and explant types on callus formation in African yam bean (sphenostylis stenocarpa (hochst. Ex A. rich) harms)
(0075-5192, 2009) Akande, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.; Ogunbodede, B. A.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of explant types and plant growth regulator regimes on callus induction in African yam bean, with a view to developing protocols for regeneration Leaf, stem and root explants of African yam bean were cultured in media containing different types and concentrations of plant grow& regulators (PGR). The explants were observed for callus formation after three months. The main effects of variety, explant and plant growth regulator regimes and their interactions were highly significant Highest callus formation was recorded in stem explant while the root explant had the lowest. The accession, SSSWN56 brown seed) had higher percentage callus formation than ssswN7s (grey seed). No callus was formed in hormone-free medium and the media containing indole acetic acid (IAA). One- hundred-percent callus formation was recorded for both accessions in the medium containing 1.5 mg/l each of kinetin and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). This medium is recommended for callus induction using stem explant and it will be useful in perfecting regeneration protocols for African yarn bean.