Crop Protection & Environmental Biology

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Evaluation of lead and chromium tolerance and accumulation level in Gomphrena Celosoides: a novel metal accumulator from lead acid battery waste contaminated site in Nigeria
(Taylor & Francis, 2019) Adejumo, S. A.; Tiwari, S.; Thul, S.; Sarangi, B. K.
Biology, tolerance, and metal (Pb and Cr) accumulating ability of Gomphrena celosoides were studied under hydroponic conditions. The seedlings were raised in Hoagland’s solution containing different concentrations of Pb (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000mg l_1) and Cr (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, and 400mg l_1). Biomass and metal accumulation in different plant parts were determined at seven (7) and fourteen (14) days after stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities, protein, and proline contents were estimated in stressed and unstressed plants. Gomphrena celosoides was able to tolerate Pb and Cr concentrations up to 4000 and 100mg l_1, respectively in hydroponic solution. Metal accumulation was concentration and duration dependent with the highest Pb (21,127.90 and 117,985.29mg kg_1) and Cr (3130.85 and 2428.90mg kg_1) in shoot and root, respectively found in the plants exposed to 5000mg l_1 Pb and 400mg l_1 Cr for 14 days. Proline, antioxidant enzyme activities, and protein contents were the highest in plant exposed to higher Pb and Cr concentrations for 7 and 14 days. Gomphrena celosoides could be considered as Pb and Cr accumulator with proline and increase in antioxidant enzyme activities being the tolerance mechanisms
Maize response to sole and combined effects of nitrogen and nematode stresses
(Advanced Journal of Graduate Research (AJGR), 2021) Benjamin, J.; Adejumo, S. A.; Claudius-Cole, A.
Crops grown on the field or in phytotrons are faced with different biotic stresses including plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) and abiotic stresses such as drought and poor soil fertility (low nitrogen levels). In this study, the interactive responses of a low-nitrogen tolerant variety LNTP-YC, and a regular variety BR-9928-DMRSR to Pratylenchus geae under four nitrogen-levels: no amendment; [TO], low nitrogen [100kg/ha NPK; T1], optimum nitrogen [200kgN/ha NPK + Urea; T2] and compost [10t/ha; T3] were investigated. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial fitted into randomised complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Data were collected on growth parameters (plant height and stem girth), yield components (number and weight of cobs), lesion score (LS), final nematode population (FNP) and reproductive factor (RF). Low nutrient stress in combination with nematode infection generally reduced maize growth and yield. Growth parameters of BR-9928-DMRSR variety were generally high while yield parameters of LNTP-YC variety were significantly greater than in BR-9928-DMRSR variety. However, T2 and T3 improved growth and yield of both maize varieties compared to TO, with T2 being superior to T3. Meanwhile, T3 reduced FNP more than T2. FNP (107.65) and RF (1.3) of P. geae on LNTP-YC variety and with T3 was significantly low compared to T2 (178, 3.34), TO (188, 3.6) and T1 (217, 5.0). In all the parameters considered, LNTP-YC outperformed BR-9928-DMRSR variety. In conclusion, soil amendment with optimum rate of nitrogen and compost reduced nematode population and enhanced maize growth, while low nitrogen in combination with nematode stress reduced maize yield.
Morpho-physiological responses of cowpea to different time and rates of compost application under water stress
(Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, 2017) Adejumo, S. A.; Orimolade, D. A.; Olaniyan, B. O
Drought and poor soil fertility constitute serious threats to crop production. Water stress reduces crop yield by about 80%. In this study, the effect of Mexican sunflower compost on the morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of cowpea under water stress (100, 50 and 25% field capacity) was investigated. Compost was applied at different rates (10:C1 and 15 t/ha: C2) and at different times (two weeks before (B) and after (A) planting of cowpea seeds as well as repeated application (BA) during one cropping season. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid content and stomata density. The results showed that although water stress adversely affected cowpea growth and development, soil amendment with compost increased the growth and yield parameters of cowpea. Variations were however observed in the performance of plants treated with compost based on different rates and time of application under different water stress regimes. Application before seed sowing and repeated application after seed sowing resulted in better plant performance compared to the application after seed sowing alone. Cowpea plants grown on soil amended with the higher rate (15t/ha) of compost both before and after seed sowing (C2B+C2A) also showed superiority in all the parameters considered. Cowpea dry matter yields were increased by 98, 110, 153 and 223 % in C1B+C1A, C1B+C2A, C2B+C1A and C2B+C2A compared with control (P<0.05). Chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, and stomata density of cowpea under water stress were also enhanced with compost application. Application of compost both before and after seed sowing enhanced cowpea growth and yield under water stress.