Crop Protection & Environmental Biology

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Author: search.filters.author.Adejumo, S. A.Subject: search.filters.subject.Compost

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    Comparative study of different rates of composts made from mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) and cassava peels on maize growth on lead contaminated soil.
    (David Publishing Company, 2013) Adejumo, S. A.; Togun A. O.; Adediran, J. A
    Attempts made by several researchers to reduce the effects of soil contamination and enhance crop growth are either expensive or ecologically-unacceptable. Greenhouse experiment was conducted to test for the effects of different rates of Mexican Sunflower and Cassava peels composts on remediation of lead contaminated soil and growth of maize planted on it. Application rates of 0 t ha-1 (R1), 10 t ha-1 (R2), 20 t ha-1 (R3), 30 t ha-1 (R4) and 40 t ha-1 (R5) were used and arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. It was observed that compost application enhanced the growth and yield of maize on this soil compared to control. Higher application rates (30 t/ha and 40 t/ha) of both composts significantly increased the plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter yield of maize planted on the contaminated soils. An increase of up to 95% in maize biomass was achieved with higher rate of compost application. In terms of heavy metal concentration in the maize tissue, application of compost reduced the Pb concentration in the plant tissue compared to control. Maize growth can be improved on contaminated site using compost prepared from Mexican Sunflower and applied at the rate of 30 and 40 t ha-1.
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    Influence of different types of organic amendments on soil remediation and performance of maize grown on a lead contaminated soil.
    (Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, 2012) Adejumo, S. A.; Togun A. O.; Adediran J. A.
    Accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils rcsults in long term environmental problem, elevateci heavy metal uptake by crops and food poisoning. Remediation of sites contaminateci by heavy metals is therefore pertinent. Incubation and greenhouse studies were conducted to test for thè effects of different types of compost on soil remediation and thè growth of maizc planted on rcmediated battery wastes contaminated soil. Composts made from five different plani materials (Soyabean stover (SS), Maize Stover (MS), Mexican Sunflower (SW), Cassava Wastes (CW) and Neem Seeds (MS) as well as Poultry Manure (PM) alone and Organo-mineral fertilizer (OM) were used. Each was applied at thè rate of 20 t/ha. Pre-cropping soil Chemical compositions showed that lead concentration (148000 mg/kg) was significantly higher than thè permissible level (300 mgkg1) at thè study site. Results of incubation studies revealed a progressive reduction in heavy metal concentrations for thè sampling periods. MSW and CW composts significantly reduced soil lead by 39% and 38% respectively followed by SS (33%), MS (28%), PM (26%), NS (25%) and OM (23%). Application of compost to thè contaminated soil also enhanced vegetative growth of maize when compared with control. SS, CW, NS, MS, MSW, OM, and PM increased thè dry matter yield by 49%, 60%, 56%, 24%, 68% , 55% and 27% respectively over control. Unlike thè maize plants grown on organic amendcd contaminated soil, control Dlants started showing toxicity symptoms such as necrotic lesions, chlorosis, wilting and eventual death. Organic imendment also increased nutrients uptake by maize crop compared to control plants. Generally organic amendments proved effective in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil and had ameliorative effects on crop growing on contaminated soil. Among thè organic amendments, MSW and CW performed better.
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    Re-establishment of vegetation on soil contaminated by heavy metals in response to Mexican sunflower and cassava peels composts.
    (Enproct Consultants Ltd, 2012) Adejumo, S. A.; Awodoyin, R. O.; Togun, A. O.
    Soil contamìnation by industriai wastes contributes greatly to poor soil fertility, ecological imbalance and phytotoxicity. To restore soil fertility and encourage plant growth, remediation of contaminated land becomes pertinent. The use of organic amendment has been reported to be effective for restoration of heavy metal contamiflàted soil Effects of Mexican Sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia: MSC) and Cassava peels (Manihot esculentum: CPC) composts, each applied at 20 and 40 t/ha as well as inorganic fertilizer (NPK 20:10:10) applied at 100 kgN/ha were investigated for restoration and re-vegetation of a degraded battery wastes contaminated site. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Ordination method was used to measure flora diversity and abundance among treatments. The species ìmportance in thè eco System was determine d using Relative Importance Values (RIV) before application of compost (BAC), at 4 weeks after compost application (4WACA) and at 8 weeks after compost application (8WACA). Also, thè dominance and plant species distribution at thè three periods were determined from thè Dominance, Shannon and Equitabilty indices. Application of composts increased thè number of individuai plants on thè contaminated site from 1177 at BAC to 2276 at 8 WACA. Species richness increased from 7 species at BAC to 15 species at 8 WACA. Gomphrena celosoides L. had thè highest RIV value (72.4%) at BAC, 67.0% and 49.6%> at 4 WACA and 8 WACA respectively. The dominance index (DI) decreased from 0.8557 at BAC to 0.6008 at 8 WACA. At 8 WACA thè Shannon index (0.9976) and Equitability index (0.3684) were highest. Application of MSC at 40t/ha (MSC40) reduced Pb level in thè soil by 71.6% followed by CPC40 (67.3%), MSC20 (66.1%) and least in CPC20 (49.5%). NPK fertilizer application had no effect on soil Pb level compared to control. Addìtion of compost significantly increased thè plant nxutrients including phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium and magnesium in thè soil compared to inorganic fertilizer. The use of compost reduced Pb contamination, improved soil fertility, enhanced re-vegetation and flora diversity of battery waste contaminated site more than inorganic fertilizer. The prevalence of G. celosioides may suggest that it has potentials for thè phytoremediation oflead-acid battery polluted soil.