Crop Protection & Environmental Biology
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Item Effects of plant growth regulators and explant types on callus formation in African yam bean (sphenostylis stenocarpa (hochst. Ex A. rich) harms)(0075-5192, 2009) Akande, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.; Ogunbodede, B. A.This study was conducted to investigate the effect of explant types and plant growth regulator regimes on callus induction in African yam bean, with a view to developing protocols for regeneration Leaf, stem and root explants of African yam bean were cultured in media containing different types and concentrations of plant grow& regulators (PGR). The explants were observed for callus formation after three months. The main effects of variety, explant and plant growth regulator regimes and their interactions were highly significant Highest callus formation was recorded in stem explant while the root explant had the lowest. The accession, SSSWN56 brown seed) had higher percentage callus formation than ssswN7s (grey seed). No callus was formed in hormone-free medium and the media containing indole acetic acid (IAA). One- hundred-percent callus formation was recorded for both accessions in the medium containing 1.5 mg/l each of kinetin and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). This medium is recommended for callus induction using stem explant and it will be useful in perfecting regeneration protocols for African yarn bean.Item Genetic characterization of Biochemical contents of pigeon pea (cajanus cajan millsp)(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2009) Akande, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to characterize 25 collections of pigeon pea from south-west Nigeria using nutritional and anti-nutritional contents of the seeds. Design/methodology/approach – The nutritional and anti-nutritional constituents of 25 collections of pigeon pea were determined. Data collected were subjected to correlation, principal components and fastclus analyses. Findings – Ariation among the collections for the nutrient contents was low. Trypsin inhibitor content had the highest variability ranging between 21.74 and 35.43 Tiu/mg. Protein and trypsin inhibitor contents were significant and negatively correlated. The first three principal components explained 74.0 per cent of the total variation. Fastclus procedures grouped the collections into three. Members of cluster 1 had the highest value for protein and the lowest concentrations of the antinutritional factors (ANFs). Cluster 2 possessed relatively low protein with high level of ANFs while cluster 3 was intermediate between clusters 1 and 2 for most characters. Originality/value – The results indicate that members of cluster 1 with high protein and low levels of ANFs are good candidates in breeding/selecting pigeon pea cultivars with enhanced nutritional valuesItem Morphological diversity of 51 kenaf accessions in Nigeria(Universidad de Oriente Press, 2008) Balogun, M. O.; Raji, J. A.; Akande, S. R.Fifty-one accessions of Hibiscus cannabinus L. were evaluated for 14 morphological parameters in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. The correlation matrix of the quantitative parameters was used to perform principal components (PC) analysis to understand the relative contributions of each trait to the variation observed, while Fastclus procedure was used to cluster the accession into five groups. The most widely varied traits were earliness, number of apical branches and leaf lobes per plant with 483.3, 97.9 and 60.6% coefficients of variation respectively. Correlation between fibre yield parameters and earliness was negative and significant. The first three PCs explained 66.23% of the variation, with only number of apical branches not highly weighted by any of the PC. The five clusters were distinguished by earliness, plant height, fibre yield, stem spine density, stem girth and apical branching. The variation was seen as a manifestation of environmental response in addition to the genotypic constitution. These results will aid in parent selection during breeding programmes.Item Evaluation and heritability studies of local lima bean (phaseolus lunatus L.) cultivars from South-west Nigeria(Universidad de Oriente Press, 2007) Akande, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.Seven local Lima bean cultivars were evaluated at Ile-Ife in the humid rainforest environment of south western Nigeria for two years. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used each year. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses. Heritability estimates of 10 agronomic characters evaluated were also determined. Significant year and cultivar effects were observed for most of the characters. Seed yield ha-1 varied from 289.14 to 1358.74 kg. Only two cultivars had seed yield above 1000 kg ha-1, others yielded poorly. Seed yield had positive and significant correlation with branching height, number of seeds per pod, 100- seed weight and inter-nodal length. Results of stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that pod weight per plant, 100-seed weight and pod length were the main seed yield components in Lima bean and together they accounted for 98% of the variability. One hundred seed weight also had the highest broad sense heritability estimate of 98%. Characters such as pod length, mid leaflet surface area, pod weight per plant and inter-nodal length were moderately heritable. The implications of these findings in lima bean improvement were discussed.Item Effects of plant growth regulators on callus, shoot and root formation in fluted pumpkin (telfaira occidentalis)(Academic Journals, 2007-02) Balogun, M. O.; Akande, S. R.; Ogunbodede, B. A.Root and stem explants of fluted pumpkin were cultured in medium containing different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). The explants were observed for callus, root and shoot formation parameters after four months. Differences among explants, plant growth regulators and their interaction were not significant for number of roots per plantlet. Callus formation was higher in stem than root explants. Stem explants formed more callus in medium containing naphthalene acetic acid than that containing indole acetic acid while the trend was opposite with root explants. Root explants did not form shoots, leaves or nodes in any of the PGR regimes, while a concentration of 1.5 mg/l benzylaminopurine (BAP) induced the highest numbers of shoots, nodes and leaves per stem explant. There was no callus, shoot, node and leaf formation by both explants when cultured in medium without PGRs while root formation was minimal.Item Variation in photo- and thermal- sensitivities among local, improved and exotic kenaf accessions in Nigeria(WFL Publishers, 2007) Balogun, M. O.; Raji, J. A.; Akande, S. R.; Ogunbodede, B. A.The response of two local, eleven improved and one exotic accessions of kenaf to daylength was determined by their increase in vegetative growth after flowering in 2004. Seven out of the fourteen accessions were planted every 4 months in 2005 to determine their sensitivity to natural variations in daylength, temperature, solar radiation and relative humidity in tenns of days to flower initiation, percentage gain in height after flowering and fibre yield. The plants took longer days to flower at longer daylength and higher temperature. Differences among accessions were significant for all traits in 2004. Days to flowering were more in December than in April and August, the number of days differing among accessions. Percentage gain in height after flowering differed with planting date only in the heat-tolerant accessions and was highest in December. Differences in fibre yield were not significant among accessions when planted in August, but differed significantly in April and December. On the average, fibre yield was highest in December and lowest in August. A grouping of the accessions based on their responses to daylength for both years of study was consistent. The implications of these findings in development of agronomically superior varieties and production of raw materials all round the year in Nigeria are discussed.Item Effects of plant growth regulators on indirect somatic embryogenesis in kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus )(The Genetics Society of Nigeria, 2006) Balogun, M. O.; Akande, S. R.; Ogunbodede, B. A.To develop protocols for regeneration of kenaf via indirect somatic embryogenesis, hypocotyl and cotyledon explants of two genotypes were cultured at different 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin concentrations. The highest callus yields were obtained in medium containing both 0.5mg of kinetin and 0.1mg of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid per litre of medium. The calli were further cultured in twelve different media containing different plant growth regulators to induce somatic embryogenesis. Friable calli were mostly produced in one genotype (Ifeken400) and non-friable in the other (Ifeken400). Among the plant growth regulator regimes, media containing 3.0mg/I of kinetin and that containing 1.5mg/l each of kinetin and NAA did not support production of globular embryos in both varieties. The friable and non- friable caili were most responsive to kinetin and NAA respectively in terms of formation of torpedo embryos. The most advanced walking stick embryos were produced only in Ifeken400 in 1.5mg/l NAA. The importance of genotype and callus type in successful regeneration of kenaf by indirect somatic embryogenesis is discussed. Research is ongoing to achieve whole plantlet regeneration.Item Development of high yielding, late maturing kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus) using gamma irradiation(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009) Balogun, M. O.; Akande, S. R.; Raji, J. A.; Ogunbodede, B. A.; Agbaje, G. O.; Adeyeye, O. O.Item Variation in seed yield and nutrient contents in African yam bean (sphenostylis stenocarpa)(Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Bonn, Germany., 2008-09) Akande, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.Nine African yam bean accessions were evaluated for seed yield and other reproductive characters Significant differences were observed for seed yield, 100 seed weight and number of days to 50% flowering. Seed yield among the accessions ranged from 24.79 to 118.33 g per plant. Average number of seeds per pod was from 13.33 to 19.33, 100 seed weight varied between 19.69 to 28.22 g, while pod length also differed from 19.57 to 28.00 cm. The protein content of the African yam bean accessions were comparable to that of cowpea, but the concentrations of the anti-nutritional factors were significantly higher in the African yam bean accessions. Although the African yam bean accessions with low anti-nutritional factors were low yielding, they can be recombined with the high yielding accessions in developing improved varieties.