Crop Protection & Environmental Biology

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Start date: 2010Subject: search.filters.subject.Crude cassava water extract

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    Comparative assessment of three sources of crude cassava water extract as bio-herbicide
    (2013) Fayinminu, O. O.; Fadina, O.O; Olabiyi, T. I
    Two experiments were conducted at Owode- Ijako in Ogun State, Nigeria between September 2006 and April 2007 to investigate the efficacy of three sources of Crude Cassava Water Extract (CCWE) as post emergence herbicide on weeds of cowpea. The trials were arranged in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The treatments were 25% and 50% of Bulk sample, MS6 and TMS extracts respectively, and two controls; unweeded and handweeded in each trial. Herbicidal efficacies of CCWE in controlling cowpea weeds were evaluated using phytotoxicity, weed biomass and density. The results showed that spraying CCWE of Bulk and MS6 at 50% on cowpea weed caused 40 and 50% phytotoxicity respectively. There was no significant difference in weed biomass (65.3% and 74.5%) and weed density (79.92 and 80.33) of CCWE of bulk sample and MS6 respectively. Whereas handweeded achieved 98.68% and 96.65% weed biomass and density respectively. The growth attributes such as plant height, number of leaves and leaf area differed significantly due to different treatments. Grain yield and yield components of cowpea were significantly influenced by the application of CCWE from the three sources. Highest grain yield (540kg/ha) was recorded in handweeded plots but was comparable to plots sprayed with 50% CCWE of bulk samples (450kg/ha) and MS6 (430kg/ha) while least grain yield was recorded in unweeded plots.
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    Screening of Chemical Composition of Crude Water Extract of Different Cassava Varieties
    (2013) Fayinminu, O. O.; Fadina, O.O; Adedapo, A. A
    Chemical composition of three sources of crude cassava water extract (CCWE) was evaluated in different varieties of cassava (MS6 Manihot Selection (local variety), TMS 30555 Tropical Manihot Selection (Improved variety) and Bulk (crude cassava water front cassava processing site). Crude cassava water extract front the pulp of cassava fresh roots was prepared and the Chemical composition was determined in the analytical laboratory. The result of the analysis showed that, hydrocyanic acid (HCN) and with elements such as Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na). Magnesium (Mg). Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Sulphur (S), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn). Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K) were found in the extract. The study showed that due to the presence of hydrocyanic acid in the extract, this waste found around the cassava Processing sites possesses phytotoxic effects on weeds/vegetation in form of leaf discoloration (yellowing), wilting and eventually death. Crude cassava water extract showed a probable natural herbicide which can be used by the peasant farmers because it is environmental friendly and easily biodegradable into harmless compounds in the environment
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    Efficacy Study of Bulksource of Crude Cassava Water Extract as A Post Emergence Herbicide in Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L) Walp) Production
    (2013) Fayinminu, O. O.; Fadina, O.O; Adedapo, A. A
    Weed interference remains a major cause of low productivity of cowpea oral concern over synthetic herbicides has led to an increased interest in natural crop protection, in Order to achieve more environmentally safe methods of reducing weed pests damage in cowpea production in Nigeria. Two field trials were conducted in 2006and2007at Ijako -Owode in Ogun State, Nigeria The treatments were Bulk crude cassava water extract (CCWE from different cassava varieties) at the rates of 25 and 50% parquet at 0.50 and 1.00kg ai/ha and two controls: handweeded and unweeded The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block, design (RCBD) with three replications. Data collected were analyzed and significant means were separated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at p< 0.05. At commencement of the trial, the relative abundance of weed species was 81% broadleafed and 19% grasses. Results showed that Bulk CCWE at 50% showed significant difference (p<0.05) from paraquat at 1.00kgai/ha on phytotaxicity effects, while weed biomass and density recorded no significant difference (p>0.05). Higher leaf area (LA) vice recorded from Bulk CCWE with a significant difference (P<0. 05) from LA paraquat. However, all the yield component: number of pods, pod weight, seeds/pod and grain yield of Bulk CCWE were significantly higher (p<0.05) front paraquat treatments and comparable to handweeded while the least were obtained with unweeded Attributes of Bulk CCWE as a post- emergence herbicide candidate are discussed