DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
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Item BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF MUSCOVY AND MALLARD DUCKS IN NIGERIA(2014) Akinyemi, M. O.; Aina, A. J.; Ewuola, E.O.; Osaiyuwu, O.H.; Ajao, E.O.Protein polymorphism and alleleic variation were investigated in the blood and egg proteins of the Muscovy and Mallard duck breeds found in Southwestern Nigeria. Four proteins namely haemoglobin, transferrin, carbonic anhydrase, and albumin in the blood and two egg white proteins:ovalbumin and conalbumin were analysed .A total of 50 ducks comprising of 30 Mallard duck and 20 Muscovy ducks and 20 eggs from each breed were used for the analysis. Separation of blood and egg protein genotypes was achieved using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Two co-dominant allele A and B controlling three genotypes AA, AB and BB were observed at haemoglobin, transferrin and carbonic anhydrase loci investigated for both breeds. A third allele C was observed at the albumin locus in the Mallard breed. . Allele A was the most predominant at the Hb, Tf and CA locus in the Muscovy breed with frequencies 0.775, 0.575, and 0.675 respectively and in the Mallard at the Tf, CA and Al locus with frequencies 0.667, 0.567 and 0.767 respectively. The frequencies of allele A and B at the conalbumin locus were 0.425, 0.575; 0.525, 0.475 in the Muscovy breed. Estimates of heterozygosity were 0.428 and 0.430 in the Muscovy and Mallard ducks respectively. Dendogram generated from the genetic distance values revealed that the two breeds are closely related. High genetic similarity was observed between the two breeds.Item Carbonic anhydrase polymorphism in West African Dwarf goat populations of western Nigeria(2022) Awobajo, O.K.; Osaiyuwu, O.H.; Alademehin, M.O.Carbonic anhydrase polymorphism in West African Dwarf (WAD) goat populations, from Oyo and Ogun States was investigated using the cellulose acetate electrophoresis system. Blood samples of 5 mL were collected from 60 WAD goats (30 from Ibadan (Oyo State) and 30 from Ijebu-Ode (Ogun State), via the jugular veins and placed into heparinised bottles. The results of the electrophoresis analyses were subjected to statistical analysis using Tools For Population Genetic Analysis (TFPGA) software. The results revealed that two alleles, CAF and CAS govern the three genotypes (CAFF, CAFS and CASS) with CASS being prevalent. Allele frequencies ranged from 0.24 for CAF in Ijebu-Ode to 0.76 in CAS also from Ijebu-Ode while the genotype frequencies ranged from 0.09 in CAFF from Ijebu-Ode to 0.61 in CASS also from the Ijebu-Ode population. Deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was significant (P ≤ 0.05) in the population from Ibadan. Average gene diversity was 0.43, while the expected heterozygosity HE(0.47) was higher than the observed heterozygosity HO(0.25).Wright analysis showed that the populations sampled were from inbred populations with a positive FIT and FIS value (0.47, and 0.06 respectively) implying deficiency in heterozygote and the FST value of 0.45 indicating greater genetic differentiations among the populations giving opportunity for improvement.Item Genetic Polymorphism of α-Lactalbumin and Lactoferrin and Their Relationship with Milkfat in West African Dwarf Goat(2018) Akinyemi, M.O.; Osaiyuwu, O.H.; Ogunsola, O.O.Milk samples of 39 lactating West African Dwarf does in selected households in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State were analyzed to study the genetic polymorphism of α-lactalbumin and lactoferrin and their effect on milk fat content. Genetic variants of milk protein were detected by cellulose acetate electrophoresis; milk samples were processed to remove fat prior to analysis. The interpretation of electrophoretic migrations revealed the presence of two alleles in each locus studied. The two alleles A and B controlled three genotypes: AA, AB and BB. Homozygous genotypes AA and BB at the α-Lactalbumin locus was observed in 17 and 5 individuals representing 42.5% and 12.5% respectively and 11 and 6 individuals representing 27.5% and 15% at the lactoferrin locus. No significant effect on milk fat content was observed for the two loci studied.Item Frequencies of the Transferrin Alleles and Genotypes in West African Dwarf Goats of Southwestern Nigeria(2018) Awobajo, O.K.; Salako, A.E.; Osaiyuwu, O.H.; Akinyemi, M.O.The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of Transferrin alleles and genotypes in West African Dwarf (WAD) goat. 140 adult WAD goats, maintained in four Southwestern States of Nigeria were used in the study. The polymorphism of transferrin was determined using Cellulose Acetate electrophoresis technique. It was found that the transferrin was controlled by two codominant alleles (TfA and TfB) in WAD goats. These two alleles, because of the codominant nature of inheritance, control the occurrence of three transferrin genotypes in the analyzed populations. The first two (TfAA and TfBB) were homozygous while the third one (TfAB) was heterozygous. The TfAB genotype was predominant with frequency of 0.90, 1.00, 0.87 and 0.55 in Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo States respectively with a mean frequency of 0.83±0.20 while TfBB genotype was least common except for population from Osun State with a frequency of 0.05, 0.00, 0.22 and 0.15 in Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo States respectively with a mean frequency of 0.08±0.07. The frequencies of transferrin alleles were 0.50, 0.50, 0.45 and 0.58 for TfA and 0.50, 0.50, 0.55and 0.43 for TfB in Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo States respectively with a mean frequency of 0.49±0.05. Transferrin system showed genetic equilibrium in the analyzed population (χ2 value = 1.780). The observed heterozygosity was 0.91, 1.00, 0.87 and 0.55 43 in Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo States respectively with a mean frequency of 0.84 and average Fis value of -0.6Item Genetic Variation Of The Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) Based On Biochemical Polymorphism(Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, 2017) Akintan, A.A.; Osaiyuwu, O.H.; Akinyemi, O.A.The study aimed at characterizing the Japanese quail using biochemical markers. Blood protein polymorphism of one hundred and sixty-six (166) Japanese quails of both sexes comprising of 83 each of mottled brown and white quails were analysed using cellulose acetate paper electrophoresis. Six loci which includes hemoglobin (Hb), transferrin (Tf), albumin (Alb), carbonic anhydrase (CA), alkaline phosphatase (Alp) and esterase-1 (Es-1) were tested. All the loci tested were polymorphic with each locus having two co-dominant alleles controlling three genotypes. Allele B was predominant at Hb, Tf and Es-1 locus with frequencies 0.90, 0.55, and 0.77, respectively while Allele A was predominant at Alb and Alp locus with frequencies 0.83 and 0.58 respectively. The Allele A had generally lower frequencies than B at the CA loci having values of 0.43 - Brown, 0.38 - White and 0.40 – overall. The mean observed heterozygosity (Hₒ) was 0.48 with brown and white quails having Ho values of 0.47 and 0.49 respectively, and the expected heterozygosity was observed to be higher in white quails (0.39) than in the mottled brown (0.31). The genetic distance (0.0534) between white and brown quails in this study showed little genetic differentiation between the brown and the white quails. Dendogram generated from the genetic distance values indicated that the two strains had common origin.Item Biochemical Polymorphism in Newzealand White X Chinchilla Rabbit Crosses(2017) Osaiyuwu, O.H.; Akinyemi, M. O.; Akinlabi, J. O.; Fatai, R. B.The study evaluated diversity within New Zealand white and Chinchilla rabbit crosses using four structural protein loci: Hemoglobin (Hb), Albumin (Alb), Transferin (Tf) and Carbonic anhydrase (CA). Blood (4mls) was sampled from a total of 49 rabbits through ocular venipuncture. The samples collected were analysed using cellulose acetate electrophoresis to estimate the genetic variability within the populations. The degree of heterozygosity, deviation from Hardy Weinberg's Equilibrium (HWE), F , and F values were estimated. All four proteins IS ST loci studied were found to be polymorphic. CA and Alb produced two codominant alleles which controlled three different genotypes. While the two observed codominant alleles in Hb and Tf controlled two genotypes. The haemoglobin locus had the highest heterozygosity value (0.87) while the lowest value (0.53) was recorded at the Albumin locus. Significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05) was observed at Hb and Tf loci while CA and Alb loci were found to conform with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). Negative F values IS were obtained for all the studied loci indicating the deficiency of homozygotes in the population and that mates were less related in comparison to the average relationship of the population. The results obtained could serve as a reference point in the genetic improvement of the rabbit genetic resource.