DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
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Item Body dimensions of N’dama cattle in humid South West Nigeria(Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 1999) Ososanya, T. O.; Olutogun, O.Item Rabbit production in Nigeria: some aspects of current status and promotional strategies(Universitat Politècnica de València, 1999) Onifade, A. A.; Abu, O. A.; Obiyan, R. I.; Abanikannda, O. T. F.Some aspects of the current status and promotional strategies of rabbit production in Nigeria were appraised in this study. This was because such data are lacking and rabbit production offers a great potential towards attainment of food security in terms of animal protein intake. Data were obtained principally from field survey, questionnaires administration, personal observations and experiences of authors, structured personal interviews of identified rabbit farmers, personal interview and observational data from agricultural extension agents, personal interview and visitation to markets and retail outlets for rabbit, proxy information from distant collaborators, recorded data from Government establishments and published data. All the information collected was synthesized to provide an informative blend on major aspects of rabbit production. From the data collected, it was found that rabbit production in Nigeria is largely a traditional, non-commercially oriented, family-consumption targeted, and smallholder type operation comprising an average of 2-7 does and 3 bucks. About 3.4-5.2% of the Nigerian population may be keeping rabbits with women and children being mostly involved. Rabbit keeping is both intensive and semi- intensive, though some scattered free range backyard rearing was recorded. Unlike the rural rabbit keepers, space is limiting for most urban rabbit keepers. Diets of rabbits in Nigeria are primarily forages, grasses and legumes, kitchen wastes while commercial feeds are rarely fed. Bucks and does are under-utilized, with does producing about 20 weaned rabbit per year and are usually offered for sale after four parities. Nigerian rabbits do not suffer any peculiar disease, however skin disease (mange) and coccidia infection are very common. There are high peri- and post-natal mortalities, and it was estimated that overall mortality between birth and marketing was between 30-40%, being highest in the young ones. The performance and reproductive productivity of rabbits in Nigeria are strongly correlated with the level of management. There exists a latent and growing market for rabbit meat in Nigeria especially as an alternative livestock species. We propose promotional strategies for sustainable rabbit production.Item Performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of rabbit fed sweet potato based diets(1999) Abu, O. A.; Tewe, O. O.; Bakare, J.The performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of rabbits fed dehydrated sweet potato tops and sweet potato root meal in proportions of 100: 0. 90 : 10, 80: 20. 70 : 30, 60 : 40 and 50: 50 were investigated. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in daily feed intake. However, rabbits fed diets in proportion of 80 : 20 (T.) recorded the highest daily weight gain and was significantly different (P<0.05) from other dietary treatments. No significant difference (P>0.05) was reported for the apparent digestibility of crude fibre and ash. Rabbits on diets T3 (80 : 20) and T4 (70 : 30) had the highest killing out per cent and head weights. No mortality was recorded throughout the duration of this study.Item Performance characteristics of growing rabbits fed glicidia sepium leaf meal as a replacement for groundnut(Bioline International, 1999) Dada, S. A. O.; Abu, O. A.; Okeowo, T. A.; Badmus, O. R.The study involved 16 weaner crossbred (New Zealand White and Chinchila) rabbits of about eight weeks of a.fetz with initial average weight of 0.69 kg. The animals were offered a measured amount of their respective diets. The level of replacement of groundnut cake with Gliricidia leaf meal (GLM) were 0, 25 50 and 75%, to give four diets which were fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period of 35 days. The similar average daily feed intake of the rabbit fed 0, 25 and 50% GLM included diets was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the corresponding daily weight gain of the rabbits fed 25 and 50% GLM diets and those fed 75% GLM diet recorded the least (P < 0.05) daily gain. Dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly correlated with daily weight gain (r = 0.94, P < 0.05) and feed efficiency (r = 0.90, P < 0.05).Item Growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens as influenced by propriety source of feed(1999) Joseph, J. K.; Ijalana, O. O.; Abu, O. A.This study investigated the quality of selected popular poultry feeds available in Nigerian poultry feed market, using growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens as indices. Day old broiler chicks were fed with diets obtained from four different commercial feed manufacturers (coded FTE, GFE, PFE and SFE to protect the manufacturers) and control diet (formulated in conformity with recommended nutrient requirements for broiler chickens) over an eight week trial period. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in crude protein, fat and fibre contents of feeds. Crude protein contents of the commercial feeds were found to be below the recommendation level. In some of the feeds the crude fat and fibre contents were higher than the standard levels. The variation in feed quality resulted in reduced feed intake, lower average daily live weight gain, higher feed: gain ratio and lower nutrient retention (protein, fat, fibre) in broilers fed commercial diets when compared with birds on control diet. Live and carcass weight of birds placed on commercial diets FTE, PFE and SFE were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those placed on control diet. Since live and carcass weights of birds are the two major price indices in broiler chicken market, it was therefore concluded that most of the commercial feeds in Nigerian market were substandard.Item Protein enrichment of sweet potato by solid state fermentation using four mono-culture fungi(Biotechnology Society of Nigeria, 1999) Abu, O. A.; Oguntimein, G. B.; Tewe, O. O.Washed, sliced and oven-dried whole sweet potato tubers (Ipomoea batatas) of the local variety were milled and supplemented with a mineral salts solution containing (g litre-1) glucose, 5; (NH4)2 SO4 1.5; KH2 PO4, 1.5; MgSO4 0.05;Yeast extract, 0.05 and fermented at 30ₒC for 72 hr by solid state fermentation (SSF) using Neurospora sitophila, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis and Saccharomyces uvarum. At the end of the fermentation period A. niger gave the highest protein content of 11.8%, DM basis while S. uvarum showed the least protein content. However in terms of true protein production N sitophila gave the best value of 8.98%. While S. uvarum gave the least value under the Standard condition.Item Nutrient utilisation and growth performance of rabbits fed diets based on maize, cassava or their by-products(Taylor & Francis, 1998) Onifade, A. A.; Abu, O. A.; Akande, O. N.; Abanikannda, O. T. F.A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate nutrient intake, digestibility and growth characteristics of rabbits fed maize grain (mg), maize offal (mo), cassava tuber (ct) or cassava peel (cp) based diets. The four test ingredients were included at 30.84% in diets supplying 17% crude protein. The consumption of dry matter, crude protein and crude fibre were higher (P4.05) in mo and cp based diets, while apparent digestibilities were better (Pc0.05) in rabbits fed mg and ct based diets. Rabbits fed mo attained the highest (P<0.05) body weight gain, followed by those fed mg and ct and the group fed cp gained the least. Feed consumption was higher (P<0.05) in rabbits fed cp and mo than mg and ct diets; and the gain: feed ratio was the reverse of the feed intake. It is concluded that mo and ct are effective substitutes for mg, however, diets based on cp would require nutrient supplementation.Item Assessment of the effects of supplementing rabbit diets with a culture of saccharomyces cerevisiae using performance, blood composition and clinical enzyme activities(Elsevier, 1999) Onifade, A. A.; Obiyan, R. I.; Onipede, E.; Adejumo, D. O.; Abu, O. A.; Babatunde, G. M.The effects of dietary supplementation with a pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 0.0, 1.5 and 3.0 g kg−1 on growth performance, blood composition and clinical enzyme activities in serum of rabbits were studied during a 56-day experiment. Rabbits fed 3.0 g kg−1 attained the heaviest (P < 0.05) body weight, consumed the highest (P < 0.05) quantity of feed and had the best (P < 0.05) feed conversion. Rabbits fed 1.5 g kg−1 yeast had higher (P < 0.05) body weight, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency than the unsupplemented group. The haematocrit, erythrocytes, haemoglobin, serum albumin: globulin ratio, and erythrocytic indices in rabbits fed 3.0 g kg−1 were superior (P < 0.05) to the unsupplemented group. Other haematological indices were similar (P > 0.05); but differential populations of lymphocytes were fewer (P < 0.05) and monocytes and eosinophils were larger (P < 0.05) in rabbits fed the basal group. Serum Ca2+, globulin, cholesterol, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, and alkaline phosphatase were higher (P < 0.05) in the basal group than with the yeast-supplemented diets. The data obtained suggest that yeast addition significantly improved growth performance, enhanced haematopoiesis, reduced serum cholesterol and maintained the serum enzymes at normal ranges. Furthermore, the activities of the clinical enzymes suggested liver- and bone-specific advantages from supplemental yeast. The effects of yeast were dose-dependent, and there is a need to determine the economically optimum dietary concentration.Item Microbial load, cholesterol levels and sensory quality of hard-boiled commercial eggs(Bioline International, 1999) Joseph, J. K.; Adeniyi, J. O.; Abu, O. A.Microbial flora and load, Cholesterol levels and sensory quality of attributes of hard-boiled commercial eggs being hawked along Lagos-Ilorin Road were monitored in this study. The bacteria isolated from the eggs include; Achromobacter sp. and Staphylococcous aureus. While the eggs sampled from Ibadan, Ogbomoso and Ilorin had lower microbial load (20 - 33 X 10(4) CFU/g). On the average a 56g egg was found to contain 235mg Cholesterol. The results of sensory quality evaluation showed that the panelists that rated the eggs for appearance of albumen, and yolk, juiciness, flavour, firmness and Overall acceptability preferred and rated higher eggs obtained from Ibadan, Ogbomoso and Ilorin when compared with eggs obtained from Lagos and Oyo States. The implications of these findings from the standpoint of food poisoning and public health were discussed.Item Suitability of screened fungi for solid state fermentation(1999) Abu, O. A.; Losel, D. M.; Onifade, A. A.; Tewe, O. O.Seven fungi were screened to determine their suitability for solid-state fermentation. In a 5-day submerged fermentation Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus isolate, Amtillaria mellea and Rhizopus sexualis recorded 166.49, 122.60, 50.58, 23.94. 17.94 and 39.80 mg/ 100 ml biomass production respectively. Pleurotus ostreatus did not show any growth. However the colony radial growth rates of A. niger, A. oryzae, F. oxysporum and P. ostreatus varied from 10.50-76.88 mm over a 7-day growth period. The best colony radial growth rate of 76.88 mm was obtained for A. niger while 49.83, 73.83 and 50.50 mm were obtained for A. oryzae, P. ostreatus and F. oxysporum respectively. A positive correlation was obtained between colony radial growth rates and rate of starch utilization by the fungi. The overall result indicated that A. niger and A. oryzae had superiority over other fungi for all the parameters studied. They are therefore recommended for future studies of protein enrichment of starchy Substrates by solid state fermentation.