DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
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Item This study was designed to evaluate the performance of West African dwarf rams subjected to varying degree of treated velvet bean for a period of 12 weeks. The impact of roasted velvet bean (RVB) on the performance by ram and digestibility of the feed was evaluated. In a randomized complete block design, twelve rams aged 12 and 18 months old with initial weight of 13.67- 14.25kg were randomly allotted into 3 treatments on diets A (0% RVB), B (25% RVB) and C (50% RVB). Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were measured. Similarly, in the digestibility trial, 3 animals per treatment were placed in metabolic cages for 14 days of stabilization and 5 days of collection. Treatment effects as affected by varying levels of velvet bean was significant for final live weight gain with values varying from 29.86kg(diet B) to 34.20kg (diet C). Also, the mean live weight gain follows the same trend with the highest mean live weight gain obtained for animals on diet C and the least mean live weight for diet B. The result obtained showed a direct relationship between total feed intake and final live weight gain. Since Mucuna pruriens is available in the dry season therefore, utilization at such period will meet dietary requirement of the sheep.(International Academic Journals, 2013-07) Ososanya, T. O.; Akinlade, A. T.; Taiwo, A. A.This study was designed to evaluate the performance of West African dwarf rams subjected to varying degree of treated velvet bean for a period of 12 weeks. The impact of roasted velvet bean (RVB) on the performance by ram and digestibility of the feed was evaluated. In a randomized complete block design, twelve rams aged 12 and 18 months old with initial weight of 13.67- 14.25kg were randomly allotted into 3 treatments on diets A (0% RVB), B (25% RVB) and C (50% RVB). Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were measured. Similarly, in the digestibility trial, 3 animals per treatment were placed in metabolic cages for 14 days of stabilization and 5 days of collection. Treatment effects as affected by varying levels of velvet bean was significant for final live weight gain with values varying from 29.86kg(diet B) to 34.20kg (diet C). Also, the mean live weight gain follows the same trend with the highest mean live weight gain obtained for animals on diet C and the least mean live weight for diet B. The result obtained showed a direct relationship between total feed intake and final live weight gain. Since Mucuna pruriens is available in the dry season therefore, utilization at such period will meet dietary requirement of the sheep.Item Intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen ecology of West African dwarf sheep fed palm kernel oil and wheat offal supplemented diets(International Academic Journals, 2013-05) Ososanya, T. O.; Odubola, O. T.; Shuaib-Rahim, A.Dried cassava peels (DCP), wheat offal (WO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) are readily available in the tropics during the dry season. Sixteen rams aged 15 months with weight range of 11.07 ±0.8kg were randomly divided into four treatments with four replicates in a CRD. The treatments were: T1 - 100% DCP, T2 - 80% DCP + 20% WO, T3 - 77% DCP + 20% WO + 3% PKO and T4 - 97% DCP + 3% PKO. Parameters studied were feed intake, nutrient digestibility, total volatile fatty acids and microbial population. The dry matter intake values obtained were 869.98, 8415.89, 784.36 and 462.16g/dl for Tl, T2, T3 and T4 respectively with significant differences (P < 0.05) between Tl — T3 against T4. Nutrient digestibility had significant differences (P < 0.05) amongst treatments for all parameters studied except in Neutral detergent fibre with no significance. The dry matter digestibility increased from 82.61% in Tl to 91.12% in T4, crude protein digestibility ranged from 82.89% to 89.98% for Tl and T2 respectively. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between T2 and T4, also between T3 and T4. Hemi cellulose appeared to be the most digestible nutrient studied. Rumen pH ranged from 6.00 to 6.70 for T2 and T4 respectively. The result was similar (P > 0.05) statistically across the treatments, except in T2. Ammonia nitrogen increased with supplementation of WO and PKO. However, supplementation of DCP with WO and PKO at 3% inclusion improved digestibility, but depressed feed intake in WAD sheep.Item Effect of protease supplementation on the performance of laying chickens fed low protein diets in early production cycle(2013) Abu, O. A.; Joshua, A. O.A 10 week study w as conducted to investigate the effect of diets supplemented with protease on .he performance of 32 weeks old Isa Brow n hens housed in cages and fed low Crude Protein (CP) diets in a completely randomized design. A total of 60 Isa Brown laying birds were randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments each having six replicates of 2 birds per replicate. The diets were formulated to contain 16% crude protein (Treatment 1) which was the control diet: T2. 15.2% CP diet (5% CP reduction): T3. I5.20% CP diet + 0.05% protease: T4. 14.4% CP diet (10% CP reduction) and T5. 14.4% CP diet 0.05% protease. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Results showed that feed intake, Haugh unit and hen day production were not significant (p > 0.05). Addition of enzyme to 15.2 and 14.4% CP diets improved egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness and albumen weight. Yolk weight was improved by 14.4% CP diet. In conclusion, 10% CP reduction plus protease gave optimum performance of the laying hens and could be adopted.Item The performance and egg quality traits of Nigerian local hens fed varying dietary levels of palm kernel cake with added palm oil(Poultry Science Association, Inc., 2012) Afolabi, K. D.; Akinsoyinu, A. O.; Omojola, A. B.; Abu, O. A.A total of 120 local hens at the point of lay were randomly assigned, 2 per cage, with 10 replicates per diet in a completely randomized design, to 6 palm kernel cake (PKC)-based layer diets that contained 20% CP and 2,700 kcal of ME/kg of feed. The PKC was included at levels of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% in diets 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Diet 1 without PKC served as the control. To make the diets isocaloric, 0.5, 1.48, 3.35, 5.22, 7.11, and 8.98% palm oil was added to diets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Feed and water were offered ad libitum for 12 wk. The hen-day production (53.8 to 63.3%) peaked at dietary PKC levels of 20 to 40%. Feed conversion ratio was also the lowest in hens fed the 20 to 40% PKC-based diets, but it was poorer than the control diet for those fed 50% PKC. The least hen-day production was obtained for birds on the 50% PKC-based diet. The albumen height (3.16 to 3.73 mm) was highest for eggs laid by hens fed the control and 10% PKC diets. The egg yolk indexes obtained for hens fed 0 to 10% dietary PKC (0.2) were significantly higher than those obtained for hens fed 20 to 50% PKC (0.13 to 0.15). The yolk color score increased significantly (P < 0.05) across the diets (from 1.0 to 5.9) as the level of palm oil increased. The egg weight, egg circumference, eggshell thickness, egg shape index, and weights of the albumen and yolk were similar across diets. Feeding up to 40% PKC with added palm oil had no adverse effect on the performance of Nigerian local hens and the quality of their eggs.Item Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken fed soybean and sesame/soybean based diets supplemented with or without microbial phytase(2014-07) Omojola, A. B.; Otunla, T. A.; Olusola, O. O.; Adebiyi, O. A.; Ologhobo, A. D.Aims: The experiment was conducted to investigate the performance and carcass characteristics of meat-type chicken fed Soybean Meal (SBM) and Sesame/Soybean Meal (SSBM) supplemented with or without microbial phytase. Study Design: The experiment employed a complete randomized design; all data generated were subjected to analysis of variance, P=0.05. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between October and December, 2011. Methodology: One hundred and sixty-eight unsexed two weeks old Arbor Acre strain chickens were used in a 35-day feeding trial. Two feeding regimes of soybean meal and Sesame/soybean meal based diets were formulated. Each feeding regime comprised of control diet and two levels of phytase units (300 and 600 FTU/kg) of 500 unit /g activity making a total of six dietary treatments. The birds were fed the experimental diets for a 35- and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). At the end of the feeding trial, three birds were slaughtered per replicate to evaluate carcass and meat characteristics. Results: The addition of phytase improved the birds’ performance, FI and FCR. Significant (P<0.05) increase was obtained for apparent retention of nitrogen (67.22%), ash (74.85%), ether extract (65.43%), crude fibre (76.22%) and Phosphorus (45.58%). Cooking loss values increased while the Water Holding Capacity (WHC) reduced with microbial phytase supplementation. Conclusion: Sesame/soybean diet supplemented with 300 FTU/Kg microbial phytase gave optimum performance and should probably be adopted as the feeding regime of choice since it also resulted in better nutrient utilization by the birds.Item Response of broiler chickens to carica papaya and talinium triangulare leaf meal under normal and subnormal diets(Sciencedomain International, 2018) Agboola, B. E.; Ologhobo, A. D.; Adejumo, I. O.; Adeyemo, G. O.The use of locally available and cheap feed ingredients has received particular attention as a viable alternative to the use of conventional feedstuffs in developing countries. Vegetable-based feeds are rich sources of essential plant amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Further to the rich contents mentioned, it has been established that green vegetable leaves are cheap and abundant sources of protein because of their ability to synthesize amino acids from a wide range of available primary materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of broiler chickens to Carica papaya and Talinium triangulare under normal and subnormal diets. In this study, the effects of C. papayaleaf meal and T. triangulare chopped leaves were assessed on growth performance and haematological parameters of broiler chickens. Two hundred and seventy 1-d old Arbor acres broiler chicks were used for the study. Each treatment had 5.replicates with 6 birds per replicate. Normal diets and subnormal diets were compounded with varying amounts of ingredients. The test ingredients were supplied at the rate of 10% of the main diets. The design of the experiment was a completely randomized design. All the treatments with subnormal diets obtained higher feed intake than treatments with normal diets. Birds on subnormal diet mixed with C. papaya leaf meal (24.03%) obtained the highest packed cell volume. The haemoglobin concentrations followed a similar pattern. Normal diets compared with control for feed conversion ratio.Item Effect of water electrolyte supplementation on perfonnance, serum and haematological indices of broiler chickens under heat-stressed condition(Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 2018) Adeyemo, G. O.; Sulaiman, A. K.; Tanimowo, D. A.; Longe, O. G.In a study to assess the effect of electrolyte supplementation on performance of broiler chicken, 192 day- old Abor Acre broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 4 treatments: T1 - un-supplemented water, T2 - 0.5% NaCI, T3 - 0.5% KCI and T4 - 0.5% NaHCO3, with 6 replicates each in a completely randomized design. Initial weight, final weight, weight gain, feed intake were recorded and feed conversion computed. Mortality was recorded when observed. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were monitored daily. At the end of day 28, rectal temperature of each bird was recorded weekly for 3 weeks using a digital thermometer. At day 42, blood (5mls) was collected for haematological indices and plasma separated for the determination of Cl, Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, HCO3. Data obtained were analyzed and means separation determined by least significant differences (p<0.05) using the SAS Institute statistical software. Under heat stress, 0.5% KCI and 0.5%NaCI supplementation in water reduced rectal temperature, increased body weight, improved FCR, and reduced blood pH. Electrolyte supplementation also influenced red blood cell count as well as serum levels of sodium, potassium and bicarbonate. Supplementing KCI and NaCI in drinking water may be a means to improve productivity of broiler under high temperature and humidity conditions.Item Performance and tibia characteristics of chickens fed cassava chips supplemented with Dl-methionine(Sciencedomain International, 2016) Ologhobo, A. D.; Etop, S.; Ogunwole, O. A.; Adeyemo, G. O.; Adejumo, I. O.; Adeoye, D.This study was carried out to investigate the effect of cassava chips and DL-methionine supplementation on performance and tibia bone characteristics of broiler chickens. Broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 20 treatments in a 4x5 factorial arrangement with 5 dietary levels of cassava chips (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 corn replacement) and 4 dietary levels of DL-methionine supplementation (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% i.e. 0, ½ NRC, NRC and double NRC 1994 recommended levels). Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance. At starter phase, birds on cassava chips-based diets had significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight gain (BWG) than the control. Those on 25% cassava chip-based diet compared well with the control. Methionine supplement improved BWG at both starter and finisher phases; Cassava chips supplemented with DL-methionine can replace corn 100.00% in broiler chickens diet.Item Dietary effect of different drying methods and graded inclusion levels of ginger (zingiber officinale) on the perfonnance and gut morphology of broilers(Sciencedomain International, 2016) Adeyemo, G. O.; Ogunshote, E. O.; Longe, O. G.The experimental design was a 3 by 3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Three hundred broilers were used for the experiment; they were randomly allotted to the ten dietary treatments with 5 replicates per treatment and 6 birds per replicate. The birds were weighed weekly to determine their weight gain, body weight and feed conversion ratio. Thirty finisher birds were sacrificed and the ileum and duodenum removed for gut histo-morphometry. Results showed that drying methods influenced performance. This was observed for the average body weight gained per bird per day while the effect of the inclusion level was observed on the feed conversion ratio. Factor interaction was observed for weight gained/bird per day and feed conversion ratio. However, only numerical differences were observed for average final body weight/bird and average feed intake /bird/day. Duodenal and ilea, villous height showed significant effect (P<0.05) of drying method, inclusion levels and treatment interaction with the control having the highest mean values. It can be concluded that supplementing broiler feed with air-dried ginger at 1.5% inclusion level can be effective as it led to an increase in the final body weight, average body weight gained per day per bird and average feed intake. No effect of drying methods and inclusion levels were observed for the histo-morphometry.Item Effect of dietary inclusion of ginger (zingiber officinale) dried with different methods on perfonnance and gut microbial population of broiler chicks(Sciencedomain International, 2016) Adeyemo, G. O.; Olowookere, I. J.; Longe, O. G.Effect of dietary inclusion of differently processed ginger on performance and microbial population of broiler chicks were investigated in a 52-days feeding trial. A total of three hundred one-day old (arbor acre) broiler chicks were used for the experiment, the birds were allotted into ten dietary treatments of five replicates and six birds per replicate in a 3x3 factorial arrangement of completely randomized design. Weights of the birds were taken weekly throughout the experimental period. Birds were fed ad-libitum such that diet 1 was the basal diet (BD) without ginger, diets 2, 3 and 4 were BD+ sundried ginger at 1, 1.5, 2% inclusion levels respectively, diets 5, 6 and 7 were BD+ air- dried ginger at 1, 1.5 and 2% inclusion levels respectively, diets 8, 9 and 10 were BD+ oven-dried ginger at 1, 1.5 and 2% inclusion level respectively. On day 52 of the experiment, the birds were slaughtered. Sections of the ileum was cut and aseptically emptied into a sterile bottle for microbial analysis. Broilers fed diets containing ginger had no significant (P> 0.05) differences on the average initial body weight, average final body weight and average daily feed intake. Although the birds fed with diet containing oven-dried ginger at 2% inclusion level had the least (P>0.05) numerical difference of the average daily feed intake. The average body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significant across the dietary treatments. Birds fed diet without ginger had higher body weight gain and best feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). The total Aerobic and coliform microbial counts of broilers were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. Although the total aerobic microbial count was reduced in birds fed diets containing ginger when compared with the control.