DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
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Item Evaluation of meat characteristics of West African dwarf rams fed graded levels of fungal treated maize cobs(Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 2015-09) Akinfemi, A.; Ososanya, T. O.; Aderiye, J. A.An experiment was conducted to determine the impact of fungal treated maize cob (FTMC) used as supplement on the carcass characteristics of West African dwarf (WAD) ram. Maize cob treated with Pleurotus tuber reguim was supplemented at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% w/w to complete feed mixtures (CFM). A total of 20 grower rams with an average age of ten months were selected for the evaluation of carcass characteristics. The animals were starved of feed for 16 hours, weighed, stunned, slaughtered and properly bled. The thoroughly bled carcass were dressed and eviscerated. The dressed carcass were cut into half carcasses, left half was dissected to determine internal offal while the other half was cut into primal cuts: neck, rack, loin, flank and leg. The final body weight (27.33kg), mean weight gain (11.58kg), rib eye area (10.70%) and dressing percentage (50.11%) were significantly better far rams on treatment 5 and in general all rams on FTMC supplemented diets compared with the control. Similarly hot carcass weight increased with supplementation from 9.55kg (T)) to 11.99kg (T2). Variations in rack and kidney weights as affected by treatments was not significant (P>0.05). Treatment effect on shoulder weight was significant (P<0.05) far animals on FTMC compared with the control groups. However, no significant (P>0.05) differences was observed far those 011 diets 3, 4 and .5 It can be concluded from the results obtained in this experiment that WAD rams fed FTMC improve the dressing percentage and rib eye area without any noticeable detrimental effect on the organ parts.Item Growth and carcass characteristics of finishing broilers on acidified blood meal based diet(2013-01) Abu, O. A.; Ogunwole, O. A.; Adedeji, B. S.; Adeboboye, A. V. K.; Tewe, O. O.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inclusion of acidifer in a blood meal based diet on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. One hundred and eighty un-sexed 4-week old broiler chicks raised on a common Starter diet were randomly distributed into four experimental diets of 3 replicates and fifteen birds per replicate consisting of a control diet devoid of blood meal and acidifier (T1). Birds on treatment 2 (T2), in addition to common ingredients, had blood meal and acidifier; birds on treatment 3 (T3) had blood meal without acidifer and birds on treatment 4 (T4) had acidifier without blood meal. The birds were fed respective diets and watered ad libitum for four weeks. Daily feed intake was not significantly (p> 0.05) affected by dietary treatment. However, birds on treatment 3 had the poorest average daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The addition of acidifier to diet containing blood meal however alleviated depressed daily body weight. The final body weights were 1.78, 1.74, 1.53 and 1.71 kg for birds on diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Carcass yield expressed in percent live body weight were not significantly (p< 0.05) affected. The inclusion of blood meal in the diet without the addition of acidifier caused a mortality of 22% in the chickens and that addition of acidifier at 0.3% improved the growth performance and livability of chickens.Item Effect of ß-mannanase supplementation and feed presentation on carcass characteristics and macro-mineral digestibility of growing rabbits fed palm kernel based diets(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2012) Abu, O. A.; Tanimowo, D. A.The influence of ß -mannanase supplementation and feed presentation of palm kernel cake (PKC, based diets were assessed on grower rabbits. Twenty crossbred grower rabbits (757.5 ± 65 g) of mixed sex aged between eight to ten weeks old were used during the trial in 2 X2 factorial design conducted in a completely randomized experimental design giving four treatment interactions with five replicates of one rabbit per replicate. The treatments were; TI- diet in mash form without enzyme; T2- diet in pellet form without enzyme; T3- diet in mash form with ß-mannanase (0.5g/kg) and T4- diet in pellet form with mannanase (0.5g/kg). The trial lasted for six weeks. The animals were weighed individually at the beginning of the study and weekly thereafter. At the end of the study period the feacal samples were collected and animals were slaughtered and measurements taken from the carcasses. The carcass yield showed no interaction, though full GIT weights (g) were significantly influenced (Tl-23.04, T2-17.67, T3-19.99 and T4- 18.74. Enzyme inclusion and feed form elicited significant effects on carcass characteristics, with varying improvements observed Enzyme inclusion on the mash diet gave lower organ weights compared to other diets. Feed form and enzyme inclusion influenced lengths of the Segments of the GTT, with rabbit on Diet 3 having the longest length. Pelleting influenced ileum lengths positively. Rabbits fed pelleted or mash diets whether supplemented or non-supplemented with ß-mannanase digested dry matter, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the same level. In conclusion, supplementation of diets with ß-mannanase and pelleting of diets improved phosphorus digestibility in palm kernel cake based diets. In addition, rabbits feed mash and pelleted rations with addition of ß-mannanase had improved loins as opposed to those fed mash and non-supplemented rabbits while other carcass and visceral organ characteristics were not significantly affected.Item Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler finishers fed diets supplemented with roxazyme G and exogenous phytase(2011) Abu, O. A.; Sodeinde, A. O.; Ehaludu, J. O.; Olomola, O. O.; Babayemi, O. J.A 21-day feeding trial involving 480, 4-week old unsexed Abhor Acre broilers was carried out in a completely randomised design to evaluate performance, carcass characteristics and cost benefit of broiler finishers fed iso- caloric and iso-nitrogenous corn-soyabean based enzyme supplemented diets. Diet 1 had no supplemented Roxazyme G and phytase (T1-basal diet). The other three diets are: T2-Roxazyme G (0.2g/kg), T3-basal diet +Phytase (lg/kg) and T4-basal diet +Roxazyme G and Phytase (0.2g/kg and lg/kg) inclusion. The objective was to observe whether addition exogenous enzymes individually or as a mixture improved efficiency of broiler finisher production. The results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) across the dietary treatments for daily feed intake, weight gain and FCR. The values obtained were in the range of 137.9g, 1191.9g and 1.45 respectively. There were no significant difference (p>0.05) in carcass weight of birds on T4, T2 and TI but birds fed both Roxazyme G and phytase had heaviest carcass weight of 1533.3g . However, birds fed diets supplemented with phytase alone had significantly lower carcass weight and dressing yield to other dietary treatments. The cut up parts were not significantly different (p>0.05) except the weights of the head, drumstick and breast meat. The cost analysis showed that it is not profitable to include the enzymes in the practical broiler finishers' diet used in this study. There was no need to include the above enzymes in the diet of broilers at finishing phase as the birds at this stage can efficiently utilize nutrients in their feed.Item Performance of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with feed grade enzyme(2009-07) Abu, O. A.; Igwebuike, J. U.; Abu, J. Z.The effect of dietary supplementation of a commercial multi-enzyme complex (Avizyme 1500™) on the performance and nutrient digestibility by broiler finishers was investigated. A total of 120 d-old broiler chickens was assigned to four treatments each having two replicates of 15 birds in a 2 x 2 factorial block design. Avizyme was-incorporated into the finisher diets at inclusion levels of 0 (high and low fibre diets), 1.0 and 2.0g/Kg diets in diets 1-4 respectively. The study covered the finisher phase (4-8 week period). Results obtained indicated that incorporation of Avizyme up to 2.0g/Kg diet into broiler finisher diet produced no significant (P > 0.05) effects on average daily feed intake and feed conversion efficiency of the birds but depressed daily weight gain (P < 0.05). The average final body weight followed the same trend as the daily weight gain, as the birds fed control diet and diet containing 1g/kg Avizyme did best (P < 0.05). The digestibility of nutrients did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among treatments. Birds on the control diet used nutrients better than the rest treatments. The haematological parameters such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell (WBC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) except for Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC) did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Dressing percentage, cut-up parts and weight of organs expressed as a percentage of body weight did not differ significantly (P > .0.05). The results of this study showed that the inclusion of 1 g/kg of the enzyme mixture into broiler finisher diet did not show any adverse effect on the performance and blood parameters of the broiler chickens. The 1 g/kg level of inclusion of enzyme in the diet appears to be most beneficial to the farmer in view of its relatively better results.Item Assessment of quail meat nuggets prepared with ocimum gratissimum extract(National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2018) Olusola, O. O.Consumers today demand foods with high nutritional value that are free from chemical preservatives. Ocimum gratissimum extract (OGE) was used as an antimicrobial agent and natural preservative at graded levels to assess the quality of nuggets made from Japanese quail meat. Batches of nuggets were produced from meat obtained from thirty-six (36) spent quails divided into four treatments (T1-0%, T2-2%, T3-4%, and T4-6%) in a completely randomized design. Carcass characteristics and physico-chemical parameters of fresh quail meat, prior to assigning to treatments were determined. Prepared quail meat nuggets were analysed for pH, proximate composition, cooking loss/yield, microbial and sensory characteristics. Results showed that mean live weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage of quail carcass were 144.00±10.17, 92.83±2.57 and 64.72±3.75, respectively while mean pH, water holding capacity, meat swelling capacity and extract release volume of fresh quail meat were 6.07±0.12, 70.27±5.24, 85.30±6.75 and 32.00±3.46, respectively. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in pH, cooking yield and cooking loss of quail meat nuggets across the treatments. Highest values were however obtained for T4 (6.39), T2 (78.87) and T3 (30.45) in pH, cooking yield and cooking loss, respectively. Proximate composition of quail meat nuggets varied significantly (p<0.05) across the treatments with values ranging from 60.45 – 64.05 for moisture, 14.65 – 17.40 for protein and 10.85 – 12.30 for fat. Low microbial load counts were obtained in all treatments with T4 having lowest counts for total plate and coliform while T2 had the lowest count for yeast and mould. Low consumer acceptability scores were however obtained for all treatments. It was concluded that increasing the inclusion rate of OGE up to 6%, gave better quality quail meat nuggets.Item Effect of different feeding patterns on carcass characteristics and primal cuts of broilers chickens(Sciencedomain International, 2017) Adeyemo, G. O.; Badmus, R. T.An experiment was conducted to assess carcass characteristics and offals of broilers fed on varying forms of feeding regimes. 240, 1-day old broiler chicks-were randomly allotted to four feeding regimes each in 6 replicates of 10 birds per replicate designated as treatments as follows: ad libitum, twice a day split feeding, thrice a day split feeding and 3 hours restriction feeding. Birds were slaughtered on day 42 to determine the relative weights of the primal cuts and visceral organs. Significant differences (P<0.05) were obtained on carcass parameters' measured. Birds on ad libitum feeding had the highest bled (87.6), dressed (61.9), eviscerated (67.0) and de-feathered weights (82.5%) while the least values were obtained from birds fed thrice a day, though the values were not significantly different (P>0.05) from those of birds on twice a day split feeding regime. Birds fed ad-libitum had the highest drumstick weight (8.84%) and wing percentages (6.73%). The neck percentages were 4.47, 4.22, 3.04 and 2.84 for ad-libitum, twice a day, 3 hour restriction and thrice a day feeding respectively. Liver, abdominal and crop weights were similar (P>0.05) for ad libitum and twice feeding regime but were different (P<0.05) from thrice and restricted feeding regime. Broilers on ad libitum and twice a day feeding regimes gave the best results for carcass, primal cuts and organ weights measured.