DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
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Item Body weight changes, haematological and serum biochemical indices of West African (WAD) Dwarf rams fed ammonium sulphate fortified diets(2017) Ososanya, T. O.; Akinlade, A. T.Weight gain, haematology and serum biochemical parameters of sixteen (16) West African Dwarf (WAD) rams weighing 12.8+0,12 kg were assigned to diets containing 0g/kg, 2.5g / kg, 5.0g/kg and 7.5g/kg levels of ammonium sulphate ((NH4)2SO4) as T0, T2.5, T5.0 and T7.5, respectively. The animals were fed the diet and wilted guinea grass in a 60:40. Daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, platelet, lymphocytes, neutrophil, cholesterol, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) values of the rams fed ammonium sulphate fortified diets were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control. Haemoglobin concentration increased in ramsfed ammonium sulphate fortified diets from 14.00-14.68% compared to control. The white blood cell (x 10(6)/mm(3)) varied from T0 (4.3 I) to T7.5(5.15). The lowest packed cell volume (41.00%) was obtained for rams on control diet. Red blood cell (x 10(6)/mm(3))) ranged from T0 (11.86) to T7.5 (13.02) while alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ranged from 10.25 (T0) to 25.25 (T7.5) (x 10(6)µL). The study revealed that inclusion of ammonium sulphate fortified diets of WAD rams up to 7.5g/kg had no deleterious effects on weight gain, haematological and serum indices of WAD ramsItem Growth performance and blood profile of gestating wad ewes fed dietary supplementation of ammonium sulphate(The Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2016) Ososanya, T. O.; Inyang, U. A.; Shehu, S. A.The concern raised as a result of antibiotic usage in the livestock industry has necessitated the need for alternative feed additives such as ammonium sulphate. Hence, sixteen West African Dwarf (WAD) ewes averaging 24 kg in weight and aged eighteen months were used to determine the growth performance and blood chemistry of ammonium sulphate supplemented diets. The animals were divided into four groups of experimented diets consisting: D1 (0 %) (Control diet), D2 (0.25 %), D3 (0.50 %) and D4 (0.75 %) of ammonium sulphate (AMS) inclusion levels and were randomly allotted in a completely randomized design. They were also synchronized with prostaglandin F(2α) and naturally mated with four (4) rams of proven fertility when they came on heat. Parameters determined were feed intake, dry matter intake (DMT), gestating weights and gains, and blood haematology and serum biochemistry such as white blood cells (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (HGB), albumin (A), globulin (G), total protein (TP), cholesterol (CHOP), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine (C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The results showed that supplementing AMS in ewe diets generally enhanced (p < 0.05) final weight (Kg), gestational weight gain (Kg) and average daily weight gain (g). The values ranged from 32.00-45.25 Kg; 8.25 - 22.25 Kg; 207.79 - 267.86 g/d respectively. The feed conversion ratio improved with increasing levels of AMS with animats on D4 recording the least (0.20). Animals on Dl recorded the highest values for PCV, HGB, and RBC while those on D3 had the least. The values were 44.25 and 41.00 %; 14.68 and 13.40 g/dl; and 13.02 and 11.86 x 10(6)/mm(3) respectively. Animals on D4 recorded the highest values for WBC (5150.50 x 10(6)/mm(3) ). Serum biochemical responses of pregnant sheep indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) of AMS supplementation on TP, A/G ratio, ALP and creatinine values. Animals on Dl recorded the highest values for TP, A/G ratio; ALT, BUN and C white those on D2 were least except jar ALT where D3 was least in ALT. The values were 8.68 and 8.15 g/dl; 0.80 and 0.65; 289 and 235.50 I.U./L; 10.75 and 9.75 mg/dl; 1.48 and 1.08 mg/dl respectively. Animals on D2 recorded the highest values for G, ALP and CHOL (4.80 mg/dl; 25.25 1. U/L; and 63.00 mg/dl respectively). Inclusion of AMS improved conversion ratio thereby improving the performance of ewes and thus proved that it could be tolerated up to 0.75 % supplementation in diets for ewes.Item Influence of water-washed neem fruits (azardirachta indica A. juss) on heamatology and serum biochemical indices of West African dwarf sheep(Science Domain, 2014) Ososanya, T. O.; Adewumi, M. K.; Faniyi, T. O.Neem is a fast growing tree that thrives well in all parts of Nigeria. The seeds are readily available because the plant is used to control desertification. A 4 - week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of water - washed neem fruit (Azardirachta indica A.juss) in diets on haematological and serum biochemical indices of West African Dwarf (WAD) ewes. Three diets were formulated to contain water-washed neem fruit at graded levels of inclusion; 0% (control), 5% and 10%. Twelve 10 month old WAD ewes were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments. Each treatment had 4 replicates. Variations in values of haematological and serum biochemical parameters of WAD ewes fed experimental diets were determined. Some haematological parameters (RBC and Hb counts) measured were significantly (p<0.05) different while PCV, WBC, some differential counts and serum biochemical parameters were not significantly different among the treatments. However, urea, creatinine, glucose and alkaline phosphatase levels in serum of WAD ewes showed significant (p<0.05) differences, while, other serum biochemical indices measured were not significant. Although, the result of this study showed that the inclusion of water - washed neem fruit at 10% depressed some heamatological parameters, but showed no adverse effect on the ewes. However, all the values obtained for serum biochemical indices were within the normal physiological range except for alkaline phosphatase. Therefore, water - washed neem fruit can be included in the diet of WAD ewes at 10% without any deleterious effect.Item Haematology of pregnant West African dwarf ewes fed siam weed-based rations(Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 2004) Anurudu, N. F.; Babayemi, O. J.; Ososanya, T.There is relatively scanty information on normal blood values for sheep in Nigeria as regards the nature and the level of forage inclusion in the diets. The study was set up to assess the effects of siam weed on blood chemistry of pregnant West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep. Sixteen WAD sheep that have lambed once were allocated in a completely randomized design to four diets with different levels of siam weed leaf meal (SWLM) diets inclusion: 0% (Diet A), 15% (Diet B), 30% (Diet C) and 45% (Diet D). Variations in haematological parameters due to treatments were inconsistently significant except for Erythrocyte/ red blood cell (RBC). The Leukocyte/white blood cell (mm3 xlO3) varied from 5.64 (diet B) to 8.81 (diet A) in the last trimester. The lowest packed cell volume (28%) was obtained for sheep on 30% siam weed leaf meal (SWLM). Erythrocyte values were low ranging between 5.71 and 6.37. White blood cell was normal and ranged from 5.64 in 15% to 8.81 in 0% SWLM. The values for packed cell volume slightly increased in animals on diets 0% and 45% SWLM at the end of pregnancy while those of 15% and 30% remained normal. Mean corpuscular volume (ranged 47.50 - 53.25) was beyond the normal range at late pregnancy. The results showed that pregnant sheep could tolerate the siam weed leaf meal at levels between 15 and 45% dietary inclusion without a significant alteration of the blood constituents.Item Body weight changes, heamatological and serum biochemical properties of West African dwarf rams fed ginger fortified diets(2016) Ososanya, T. O.The effect of feeding diets fortified with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% ginger powder on body weight changes, haematological and serum biochemical properties and described as T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively was determined using sixteen 12-18 months old WAD rams weighing 15.86 + 0.03kg. The animals were grouped into 4 treatments in a completely randomized design with 4 animals per treatment and fed the experimental diets for 28 days. Daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were monitored. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for haematological indices {Packed Cell Volume (PCV, %), Red Blood Cell (RBC, 10(6)/mm(3) and White Blood Cell (WBC, 10(3)/mm(3)} and biochemical parameters {Total protein (TP, g/dl), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN, mg/dl), Aspartate Transferase (AST, I.U. /I) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT, I.U. /1)}. PCV ranged from 33.75 (T4) to 39.00 (T2) and the values were within the recommended PCV value for WAD ram. Similarly, WBC values for rams on T4 (10.37) and T3 (8.80) were significantly higher than T2 (6.05) and Tl (4.87). Total protein and BUN increased linearly across the treatments. The values for AST and ALP ranged from 72.10 (T2) to 147.00 (T3) and 238.00 (T4) to 294.00 (T2) respectively. Consequently, it can be concluded that 1.5% fortification of ginger powder promoted body weight gain and had no deleterious effect on the haematological and serum biochemical profile of WAD rams.Item Haematology parameters of West African dwarf rams fed velvet bean (mucuna pruriens) ensiled with whole maize stover(Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 2015) Alabi, B. O.; Ososanya, T. O.The haematological characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) Rams fed velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) foliage ensiled with whole maize were determined. Twenty (20) growing rams aged 10-15 months with mean weight ranging between 11.75-12.00kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments comprising five animals per dietary treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment 1 contained 100% ensiled whole maize, Treatment 2 contained 75% whole maize + 25% Mucunapruriensfoliage silage, Treatment 3 contained 50% whole maize + 50% Mucunapruriensfoliage silage, Treatment 4 contained 25%> whole maize + 75% Mucunapruriensfoliage silage respectively. Each animal receive each diet at 5% body weight for 105 days. Blood was collected through jugular vein and put into well lebelled bottle containing anticoagulant ethylene diaminetetracetic acid (EDTA). The blood samples were analyzed for Red blood cell (RBC) count, Parked cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and monocytes. Significant differences (P<0.05) were obtained in haemoglobin and neutrophil which range from 6.11-9.87g/dl and 35.28 - 41.23% respectively while other parameters investigated showed no significant (P>0.05) differences. The nutritional health status of the rams can be enhanced when fed Mucunapruriensfoliage and whole maize silage but best result could be obtained when fed silage containing 75% whole maize and 25% Mucunapruriens.Item Haematology, serum biochemistry and organ weight changes of wistar rats fed processed dehulled jack bean (canavalia ensiformis)(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2015) Amusa, H. O.; Kehinde, R. A.; Atoyebi, R. O.; Abu, O. A .A total of fifty Wistar albino rats weighing 50-60g were randomly allocated to five dietary : treatments in a completely randomized design ,to investigate the haematology, serum biochemistry and organ weight changes on diets containing processed dehulled jack bean. Four diets containing 10% crude protein were formulated to contain casein (Tl)-control diet dehulled jack bean soaked in filtrate obtained from 24hr water-steeped whole maize grains (T2), dehulled jack bean soaked in lye solution (T3), dehulled jack bean boiled or 15 minutes (T4) while a protein free diet served as a negative control (T5). The feeding trial lasted for 28days after which four rats per treatments were sampled to evaluate haematological and serum biochemical indices while three rats per treatment were sacrificed by cervical decapitation and the heart, liver, kidneys and the lungs removed and weighed separately. Haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBC), eosinophil and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were not affected by dietary treatments while the packed cell volume, red blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) were significantly affected (P<0.05) by dietary treatments. Rats on T4 had the highest PCV (47.00%), and neutrophil (25.67%) values, while rat on control had the highest value ofRBC 5.95 (10(6)/mm3). Rats on T2 had the highest lymphocyte (80.33%) and monocyte (3.50%) values, while the lowest value was for rats T4 (73.25%) and T3 (2.00%). Rats on T3 had the highest MCV (1.57fl) and MCH (0.40pg) values the total protein and alkaline phosphatise (ALP) were similar (P>0.05) for all group, while the albumin, globulin, cholesterol, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were influence by dietary treatments (P<0.05). Albumin values ranges from 5.83g/dl to 7.68g/dl with rats on T4 having the highest albumin value (7.63g/dl). Globulin value for rats onT4 is significantly (P<0.05) different from rats on TI, T2, T3, and T5 with rats on T3 having the highest value (3.42). Rats on TI had the highest Cholesterol (55.37mg/dl) and ALT (17.49IU/L) value, while Rats on T2 had the highest AST (16.13IU/L) value. Kidney weights were similar for all group (P>0.05) while the liver, lungs and heart relative weights were significantly affected (P< 0.05) by dietary treatments. Rats on control diet had the lowest relative weight for liver (3.74), lungs (1.03), kidney (0.92) and heart (0.49). Rats on T3 and T5 had the highest value for heart weight (0.75) and liver weight (5.67) while rats on T4 had the highest value for lungs (1.59). Rats fed dehulled jack bean seed soaked in ogi liquor showed slight improvement on haematological, serum profile and organ weight changes over those fed lye soaked jack bean and boiled for 15minutes. However, all the processing methods were ineffective when compared to the performance of rat fed casein based diets.Item Effects of dietary acidifier-based diet on haematology and serum biochemical indices of broilers(2009-07) Ogunwole, O. A.; Abu, O. A.; Sokunbi, O. A.; Asiruwa, P. O.A trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary Biotronics SE® supplementation on haematological and serum parameters of broilers. A total of 120 1-day old Marshall broilers were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments using completely randomized design. Chicks in treatment 1 were fed basal diet (control) while those on treatments 2, 3 and 4 were given basal deits supplemented with 0.1% oxytetracycline HCl only; 0.3% Biotronics SE® only and 0.1% oxytetracycline HCl + 0.3% Biotronics SE®, respectively. Each treatment was a duplicate of fifteen chicks per replicate. The diets were formulated to contain 3000 Kcal/kg ME and crude protein of 23% (Starter) and 20% (finishers). Variations in values obtained for haemoglobin (g/dl) (9.28, 9.69. 10.04 and 10.15) and Mean Cell Volume (MCV) (fl) (107.02, 109.38, 125.43 and 118.31) for birds fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 4., respectively were significantly (p<0.05) different while other haematological parameters measured in both phases were similar (p>0.05). The serum triglycerides (mg/dl)(23.19. 19.29, 23.93 and 19.01) and VLDL (mg/dl) (4.63, 3.85, 5.78 and 3.80) for the Starter birds fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively were affected by dietary acidifier inclusion. The serum total proteins and Cholesterol also varied significantly for finishers birds. Generally, most serum indices measured declined in values at the finishers phase compared with corresponding values for Starter. All measured indices were within normal physiological ranges. This study revealed Biotronics SE as a suitable alternative growth promoter for the production of meat type chickens.Item Productive response of rabbits to supplemental copper in a diet based on tropical feedstuffs(Taylor & Francis, 1998) Onifade, A. A.; Abu, O. A.Effects of supplemental copper in a diet based on tropical feedstuffs on productive performance, carcass measurements and haematology of rabbits were investigated in a 70d trial. Copper as CuS04.5H2O was supplemented at 0, 125, 250 and 375 mg kg-1 into a basal diet. The basal diet served as control treatment. Eight rabbits, each constituting a replicate, were fed on one of the experimental diets. The results showed that daily weight gain and feed intake of the rabbits fed 250 and 375 mg kg-1 supplemental copper were the highest followed by rabbits fed 125 mg kg-1 and the basal diet. Relative weights of the selected organs were similar except for the brain that tended to be lower in rabbits fed 250 and 375 mg kg-1 copper. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume and red blood counts were lower on 375 mg kg-1, however, haematological indices in rabbits fed 125 and 250 mg kg-1 were superior to other treatments. The results indicated that supplemental copper in a diet based on tropical feedstuffs improved performance, supported adequate organ development and might adversely affect haematopoiesis in rabbits at 375 mg kg-1 rate of inclusion.Item REPRODUCTIVE RESPONSE OF RABBITS FED SUPPLEMENTAL Moringa oleifera (Lam) LEAF MEAL(2014-11) ADEYEMI, ADEYEMIReproductive inefficiency is a major challenge in rabbit production. Leaf meals such as Moringa oleifera rich in phytochemicals have been used to enhance reproductive performance in cattle and catfish. Information on the use of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal (MoLM) to enhance reproductive efficiency in rabbits and its effect on organs has not been adequately documented. Therefore, the reproductive response of rabbits to supplemental MoLM was assessed. In a 24-week trial, sixty rabbits were allotted to four diets containing supplemental MoLM : 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 % with 10 does and 5 bucks per treatment. Dry Matter Intake (DMI, g) and Daily Weight Gain (DWG, g) were determined. Blood (5.0 mL) was sampled from bucks and does for Haematology (Erythrocytes, x103mm-3, Packed Cell Volume (PCV, %), haemoglobin, g/100 ml), Alanine amino Transferase (ALT, IU/L) and hormonal (testosterone, oestrogen) assay using standard procedures. Bucks were assessed for semen characteristics and then assigned to does on each treatment at 2 does/buck for mating trial using standard procedures. Blood (3 mL) was sampled from pregnant does at third trimester for progesterone determination using standard procedures. Conception Rate (CR), Gestation Length (GL), Litter Size (LS) and Litter Weight (LW) were determined using standard procedures. Testes and epididymides were removed, weighed and processed for sperm reserves (x106 sperm cells/ml). Histopathology (no visible lesion, mild, moderate, severe and very severe) of liver, kidney and ileum was assessed using standard procedures. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, polynomial regression and ANOVA at α0.05. UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY iii The DMI was not significantly different among the treatments. The DWG of rabbits on control (6.3±0.8), 2.5% (5.2±0.4) and 5.0% (5.2±0.5) MoLM were higher than those fed 7.5% (4.4±0.4). Erythrocytes (6.8±0.2), PCV (40.2±1.6) and Hb (13.0±0.5) were higher in rabbits fed 2.5% MoLM. The ALT of rabbits on control (19.2±2.0) was significantly lower than those on MoLM diets (38.7±4.2 – 48.2±2.7). Oestrogen values ranged from 16.5±1.2 to 25.8±2.0 ng/L and was higher in rabbits fed MoLM than those on control (10.0±0.8ng/L). Progesterone levels were higher in rabbits on MoLM diets ranging from 1.8±0.4 to 2.8±ng/L than those on the control (0.63±0.1ng/L). Serum testosterone level was not significantly different among the treatments. Sperm motility (90.3±0.2%), mass activity (3.0±0.01), live sperm cells (88.5±3.4%) and CR (100.0%) of rabbits fed 2.5% MoLM were higher than those rabbits on other treatments. The GL, LS, and LW were not significantly different among the treatments. Testicular sperm reserves ranged from 14.0±1.5 to 53.0±11.1, while epididymal sperm reserves were not significantly different among the treatments. Histopathology of liver, kidney and ileum indicated moderate necrotic lesions at 5.0 and 7.5 % MoLM. Regression of sperm motility on MoLM levels in bucks indicated an optimum inclusion level of 2.7% (R2=0.56) while regression of conception rate on MoLM levels in does showed an optimum inclusion level of 2.5% (R2=0.61). Moringa oleifera leaf meal at 2.5% inclusion in the diet of rabbits enhanced growth, semen quality and fertility rate without adverse effect on blood profile. Keywords: Rabbit semen quality, Hormonal assay, Moringa oleifera leaf meal, Haematology Word count: 491