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A historical survey of the strategic dimensions in Nigeria-Brazil relations during the oil boom year
(2016) Aborisade, A. S.
This paper examines the socio-cultural and economic peculiarities which necessitated Nigeria-Brazil relations since Nigeria’s independence in October 1960. However, the emasculation of the Nigerian economy, which was not unconnected with the way it was integrated into the global economy as a subordinate player, constituted a severe hindrance to Nigeria’s objective to embark on the dismantling of colonialism in the African continent. This paper tries to historicize the changes which took place in Nigeria-Brazil relations, absence of valuable resource endowments by Nigeria in the international market led to Brazil shrugging off of Nigeria’s call for the liberation of Africa from the vestige of colonialism especially over Portugal and South Africa. This paper investigates whether Strategic economic importance of Nigeria was more compelling than diplomatic necessity to Brazil. The paper, reveals that change in Brazil's Africa policy became necessary not because Brazil wanted to enjoy comprehensive policy autonomy that was devoid of external manipulations, but because of her Strategic interests in Africa. These interests were almost jeopardized by economic and political leverage, which the quadrupling of crude oil prices in the international market in the 1970s bestowed on Nigeria as a Continental power with substantial influence. In its conclusion this paper revealed that the economic interests of Brazil superseded her diplomatic engagement with Nigeria; and that economic objectives shaped the dimension of Brazil’s relations with Nigeria.
All in the interest of the British’: import control policies in Nigeria during the inter-war years, 1919-1939
(Historical Society of Nigeria, 2019) Abolorunde, A. S.
The colonization of Nigeria especially after the 1914 amalgamation necessitated the formulation of various economic policies that put the Nigerian economy under the firm control of the British. Historians, political scientists, sociologists, economists and scholars of various disciplines have, through their works, interrogated colonial Nigeria. Colonial system of transportation, monetary policies, land ordinances and colonial healthcare policies are typical examples of Nigeria’s colonial past. Similarly, scholars have interrogated the impact of the First World War on the colonial enclaves of the European powers in Africa, the quest for economic recovery of the metropolitan powers during the inter-war period, the breakdown of democratic ethos in Europe and other parts of the globe during the inter-war period, the acute economic hardship necessitated by unemployment of the inter-war period and the exploitation of African resources, particularly Nigeria, for the benefit of metropolitan capitals during the interwar years. These intellectual efforts have not comprehensively interrogated how import control was used by the British in Nigeria as a strategy for economic recovery of the post- World War 1 economic hardship as well as the sustenance of the recovery through import restrictions. The paper in its conclusion argues that import control in Nigeria during the inter-war Nigeria was used for the revamping of the British economy through import control policies that comprehensively protected the British economic interests in Nigeria.
Approaching the study of the Yoruba Diaspora in Northern Nigeria
(University of Rochester Press, 2006) Olaniyi, R.
Bororo Fulani Pastoralists and Yoruba Farmers’ Conflicts in the Upper Ogun River, Oyo State Nigeria, 1986–2004
(SAGE, 2015) Olaniyi, R. O.
This article, based on in-depth oral interviews, focuses on the conflicts between Bororo Fulani pastoralists and Yoruba farmers in Saki and Iseyin towns of the Upper Ogun River (Oke-Ogun), Oyo State Nigeria to show the power disparity and competition over land resources. The conflicts that occurred between Bororo Fulani pastoralists and Yoruba farmers are classified as: economic (crop destruction and cattle killing); social (murder, rape, armed banditry, molestation on both sides of the conflict); and communal (large-scale destruction of villages, pastoral settlements and markets). Other conflicts involved access to grazing and water resources and access to markets. These conflicts were products of resource scarcity and broader challenges of power relations between indigenes and settlers/migrants in Nigeria. Ethnicity became more conspicuous among local people as these conflicts intensified. This article discusses the intervention of Yoruba traditional rulers (Oba) and Fulani headman (Ardo) in the formation of peace committees in Iseyin and Saki towns.
C.B.N. Ogbogbo: an icon of historical scholarship in Nigeria
(Command Publishers, Abuja, 2018) Aborisade, A. S.
Child Labour and Nigeria’s Informal Economy since the 1990s
(Humanities Publishers, 2005) Olaniyi, R.
CHRISTIAN MISSIONS AND THE MARINE OF NIGERIA 1841 - 1891
(1958-07) ADE-AJAYI, J. F.
It is the contribution of various missionary societies in shifting the frontier of European influences from the coast where it had remained after three centuries of European trade connections into the interior of Nigeria in the half century before the establishment of British rule in the country that is the subject of this thesis. For, in their anxiety to deepen and widen Christian European influences in the country, the missionaries were laying the social and economic foundations of Nigeria, particularly Southern Nigeria. Struck by the high rate of European mortality in West Africa, and haunted by the memory that Christianity had once been introduced into West Africa and had been wiped out, the missionaries were anxious to leave a permanent mark on the country that the eventual withdrawal of European missionaries, whether sudden or gradual, could not efface. They wished to raise a large indigenous clergy, they wished to introduce not only the Bible but also the art to read and the art to make the Bible, in short, something of the technological civilisation of contemporary Europe. Central to this programme was the creation of a Middle Class of mission-educated Africans. The emigrants returning from Sierra Leone, Cuba and Brazil provided the nucleus of such a class with them, the missionaries embarked on a programme of practical education in trades and industry. They tried to gather the emigrants together in particular centres round the Mission House, in little mission villages to which Individual converts from the old town, physically or spiritually, attached themselves. This new society it was hoped would grow and replace the antiquated ways of the old town. Things did not always work out as the missionaries planned. Their resources were inadequate. They were dependent on traders whose objectives were different from theirs. The society of the old town did not crumble as readily as was expected. The missionaries saw the power of the African rulers on the coast passing to the consul and the traders, not to the educated Africans whom the traders and some of the missionaries on the spot as well regarded as rivals. Nevertheless, a class of Africa was rising, as clergymen in the church, agents of European firms or independent merchants on their own. The most notable of them was Crowther who was made a Bishop and who used an all- African staff to establish churches on the Niger. But just as such Africans, were beginning to be given responsibility and, among other things, were proceeding to make the Church less of an alien community in society, the new wave of European interest in the country made European change their attitude to Africans, and the old policy of advancing educated Africans was overturned, Even Bishop Crowther was ousted from his post and with his resignation in 1891, this period of missionary work came to an end.
Cultural solidarity as an expedient tool of economic imperialism: a historical survey of Oyo empire and its neighbours
(JOHN ARCHERS (Publishers) Ltd., Ibadan, 2015) Aborisade, A. S.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRITISH ADMINISTRATION IN EKITILAND, 1915 - 1951
(1995-07) ADELOYE, T. S.
The thesis focuses attention on the development of British Administration in Ekitiland from 1915-1951, It discusses the British occupation of Ekiti- land and analyses the efforts made by the British to consolidate their administration through the creation of a centralised political authority. It examines the administrative structures evolved and observes that the Ekiti Oba were generally used as Instruments of British Administration, It is shown that under the new political dispensation, the Oba virtually became ciphers in the hands of British Administrative Officers. It is argued that some of the responsibilities assigned to the Oba eroded their traditional power, authority, status and prestige. The thesis also examines the efforts made at creating a central Administration in Ekitiland between 1920 and 1936, The attendant problems of this political experiment are discussed. In particular, the political agitations for secession, autonomy and other political reforms by some communities such as Ado-Ekiti, Akure, Igbara-Odo, Ilawe, Osi etc between 1938 and 1946 are discussed, It argues that these agitations not only threatened political Integration in Ekitiland but also contributed largely to the failure of central Administration put in place by the Colonial Government. The re-organisation efforts made by the British to re-invigorate their tottery administration in Ekitiland between 1946 and 1951 are analysed. The new political dispensation, which was a shift from a rigid centralisation of political authority that was unpalatable to Ekiti Oba to that of loose centralised Administration which allowed them (the Oba) to retain their sovereignty, succeeded to a large extent up to 1951. The economic dimension of British Administration in Ekitiland during the study period is also examined. While contending that British Administration was largely exploitative and resulted in a monumental disruption of the pre-colonial economic structure of the Ekiti society, it identifies certain sectors where the British Administration achieved some measure of development. The study concludes that though the British Administration tried to consolidate itself in Ekitiland, their initial objective of rigid political centralisation that would have brought Ekiti Kingdoms under one central authority was not realised. Furthermore, it observes that British Administration was a mixed blessing to the people of Ekltiland. The Ekiti accepted some of the changes considered beneficial to their society while rejecting those they considered detrimental to their well-being. The thesis has complemented the existing studies on British Administration in Nigeria in general and has also revealed the abysmal failure of British attempt to create a Central Administration in a society which was hitherto apparently segmentary.
Diaspora is Not Like Home a Social And Economic History of Yoruba in Kano, 1912-1999
(LINCOM GmbH, 2008) Olaniyi, R.
Yoruba migration to Kano was shaped both by social and economic reality of the British colonial rule and trajectories of the post-colonial state. In Kano, the wider opportunity for the advancement of commercial frontier attracted generations of Yoruba traders, artisans, entrepreneurs and professionals. This book articulates the historical process that led to the evolution as well as the consolidation of the Yoruba commercial diaspora in Kano. Three interconnected themes: migration, entrepreneurship and intergroup relations in a commercial diaspora were systematically pursued in this work. All through the trajectory, the book has reconstructed the historical metamorphosis of the Yoruba trading diaspora chronologically from colonial period to the post-colonial era and, by extension, part of the commercial history of modern Kano. In 1912, Yoruba commerce in Kano entered a- new phase from the socio-cultural bases already established in the pre-colonial economy. Linder the British rule, Yoruba identity in Kano was dramatically transformed to become “non-natives” or “strangers." The British used diverse measures including stereotype, criminalisation and ethnic segregation to control Yoruba migration to Kano. Resentment and criminalisation were used to segregate and exclude the Yoruba from the mainstream Kano society. In this respect.- ethnic relations were mediated by colonial encounter. Colonialism challenged the migrants’ identity and self-understanding. The r transformative effects of this challenge redefined inter-ethnic relations to produce new imbalances, crystallisation of communal identities and social cohesion. As such, inter-ethnic rivalry sustained the British rule and remained pervasive in the post-colonial context. The intriguing feature of ethnic segregation as model of state structure and development provided stimulus for diaspora identity. Despite the control measures, the groundnut export and urbanisation processes in Kano influenced the greater proportion of Yoruba migration within the framework of kinship linkages. But Yoruba traders encountered structural disadvantages in the commodity trade. Commercially, Yoruba women were among the active traders whose entrepreneurial activities linked the rural markets with the urban economy and stimulated income and distribution of Kano made goods. From 1985 and up to 1999, a downward trend was recorded in Yoruba enterprise in Kano due to economic contraction and urban crises. The methodology for this study was primarily empirical in approach: In-depth oral interviews, research visits to neighbourhoods, fact finding surveys made on individuals, organisations and institutions as data sources in an interactive manner. The emphasis on field experience and broader interviews across ethnic, occupational and gender categories facilitated the validation of data collected and interpretation ensured that the analysis was a product of communal reflections. In this study, it has been found that ethnicity was fundamental in social and economic networks through which commerce was undertaken. The overriding value of Yoruba ethnic identity in Kano was the creation of a socio-economic community that allocated productive resources in the employment of labour, capital mobilisation, entrepreneurship and social security. The recreation and reorganisation of ethnic associations were largely influenced by successful entrepreneurs who played significant leadership roles. However, social functions restricted entrepreneurial investment in commercial activities. The study has examined the survival strategy employed by the Yoruba in combating incorporation and exclusion prism that curtailed, challenged or encouraged their commercial activities. As a trading community, the Yoruba used their flexible identity, professional skills and religions (both Christianity and Islam) for commercial success. The special skills of the entrepreneurs and complimentary commercial roles of artisans had led to the transfer of technical skills, improved craft industry, urban development, stimulated income and growth of markets, and tho over increasing urban population that provided the much needed skilled labour tor tho expanding industries. Yoruba enterprise generated labour supply, provided employment and above all, contributed to the process of capital accumulation Indeed, the special skills and complementary commercial roles of the Yoruba Christians constituted an invaluable asset to their acceptance among the Muslim host community Many of the Yoruba Muslim migrant households have been complotely absorbed into the cultural and religious values of Kano. Closely connected to this, is the fact that, many of the unassimllatod younger gemmation of tho Muslim Yoruba Migrants developed a plural identity As n consequence, tho commercial diaspora produced a hybrid generation namely; the Kano Yoruba, who had a stronger sentiment for the hosl community. Empirically, the two ethnic groups (Hausa and Yoruba) still retain many of tho loan words borrowed from each other’s languages for Islamic, commercial, equestrian and sundry matters. These extensive social network and marital linkages had facilitated ethnic harmony and hospitality. A remarkable aspect of this study is the discussion on tho ambivalent Hausa and Yoruba relations namely: economic competition on one hand and cultural constraints of identity on the other hand. Yoruba commercial activities in Kano have occasioned stress and suspicion generated considerably by economic competition. Some of the riots in Kano from 1953 to 1999 were caused by socio-political problems with devastating consequences on Kano economy most especially, state of insecurity of investment, tho fear of looting, wanton destruction of lives and economic gains, and tho exodus of migrant artisans and entrepreneurs. Some of the Yoruba experienced economic dislocation. Hence, they liquidated their businesses and or relocated to their places of origin or other commercial cities in Nigeria. The study concludes that Yoruba enterprise in Kano contributed to the transmission of technical skills among different communities and the transformation of modern Kano as a commercial metropolis in Nigeria. Without family connections and support network in a competitive context, Yoruba diaspora became ethnically assertive in terms of associational life. Thus, in the process, diaspora identity restricted the prospect of integration of the migrants into the host community.
The Dynamics of Inter-group Relations in Nigeria Since 1960 Essays in Honour of Obaro Ikime @ 70
(Department of History, University of Ibadan, 2012) Ogbogbo, C. B. N.; Olaniyi, R. O.; Muojama, O. G.
Economic Crises and Child Trafficking in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis of the 1930s and 1990s
(2009) Olaniyi, R.
Economic History of Ibadan, 1830-1930
(Institute of African Studies, 2015) Olaniyi, R.
Environmental and legal instruments of import control in colonial Nigeria, 1904-1954
(2020) Abolorunde, A. S.
The colonisation of Nigeria by the British led to the merging of diverse ethnicities which occupied the area that later became Nigeria as the Europeans imposed administrative structures which included native court, native authorities, native treasuries and protectorates. Historians, political scientists, sociologists, economists and scholars of related disciplines have through their works, interrogated Nigeria’s colonial past. The Indirect Rule system, infrastructure, nationalism, currency circulation, systems of banking and education, and exploitation of resources are typical examples of Nigeria’s colonial experience. Similarly, scholars have made attempts at interrogating various aspects of the country’s colonial history. These include agricultural policies, export control policies, marketing boards, trade restrictions, politics of decolonisation, the politics of transfer of power, constitutional development, regionalism, nationalist movements, import control during and after World War II and the tariff system. These intellectual efforts have not beamed their searchlight on how the formulation of legal instruments which governed import control was aided by the nature of environment of certain regions in Nigeria. Against this backdrop, this paper interrogates the impact of the environment on Nigeria’s import control history in the colonial era. The paper concludes that the nature of Nigeria’s environment determined the efficacy of laws which governed import control administration in Nigeria.
Gains and discontents of import control in colonial Nigeria, 1939-1960
(Nigerian Defence Academy Publishers, 2020) Abolorunde, A. S.
Global Sex Trade and Women Trafficking in Nigeria
(Kennesaw State University Press, 2011) Olaniyi, R. O.
Academic discourses and policy debates on the phenomenon of women trafficking have focused on the threat of illegal migration, migration management, and the stereotypical linkages between criminality and migration. Such themes neglected the perspectives of trafficking victims and the social context, most especially closed borders and poverty. Obviously, women trafficking constitute one of the anxieties and disruptive effects of globalization. For many women, migration across the polarized economy under the regime of globalization is associated with exploitation, criminalization, and insecurity. This paper argues that trafficking in women reflects inequality on a global scale: transfer of resources from depressed economy to prosperous economy, from the periphery to the core, and from rural to urban areas. There is a thriving market for trafficking in women to Europe for sexual purposes, as economic motivations, organized global syndicates, poverty, and patriarchal pressures have ensured steady supply of women in the global sex industry. Despite the political will, the weakening influence of the Nigerian government in the global economy and international diplomacy, as well as porous borders, undermines its efforts in rolling back women trafficking.
Hausa-Yoruba Relations 1500-1800: A Historical Perspective
(Government College University Faisalabad, 2007) Olaniyi, R. O.
From a revisionist perspective, this paper demonstrates that the history of Old Oyo empire and Hausa-city states were closely interwoven especially in commercial interaction, cultural exchange, the propagation of Islam and state building processes. The paper argues that the articles of trade suggest that beyond the movement of goods and peoples in both societies, an enormous degree of diplomacy and politics existed to facilitate the process of exchange. The relationship between Old Oyo and Hausa-city states was closely linked to the political economy of the states especially slave trade, export and import of horses, cowries and firearms. It is then argued that the relationship was more complex and mutually reinforcing. Contrary to widespread accounts, there is no material to show that the term Yoruba was originally used by the Hausa to describe the people of Oyo-ile. There is every possibility that the people of Oyo ile whose language was Yoruba described themselves as such. The first reference to the term Yoruba could be found in the work of the famous Songhay scholar, Ahmad Baba Al-Timbukti.
HDS 414: Industrialization as a world phenomenon
(2018) Aborisade, A. S.
HDS 509: Nigeria: a study in military leadership, 1966-1979
(2023) Abolorunde, A. S.
Hisbah and Sharia Law Enforcement in Metropolitan Kano
(Indiana University Press, 2011) Olaniyi, R. O.
The reintroduction of Sharia in the twelve states of northern Nigeria between 1999 and 2000 underscores the salience of Islam in the politics and governmentalities of the region. Popular pressure led to the reintroduction of Sharia in Kano, but its trajectory signified usage for administrative convenience and legitimacy prompted by the challenges of democratic change. The reintroduction of Sharia was a convergence of state Islam and popular Islam. Hisbah was established to enforce a distinctive Islamic government. It tackles the problems of community security in a different way, dedicated to the abolition of the business and consumption of beer, the restriction of sex work, the segregation of the sexes in public spaces, and the policing of a moral order based on Sharia.