Agriculture Extension & Rural Development
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Item Comparative assessment of women farmers’ status in Japan and Nigeria(2011) Tijani, S. A.; Yano, I.The research compared the status of Japanese and Nigerian women farmers. The study was conducted in Sera Chuo, Hiroshima and Ohnan Chao, Shimane prefecture, Chugoku region of Japan and Southwestern part of Nigeria covering three locations (Omi-Adio, Ijaye and Kila) within the suburban area of Ibadan metropolis. Purposive sampling was used, to select direct farmers market (DFM) while random sampling was employed to select respondents from each market. Total sample size of 234 was obtained and data collection was done through structured questionnaires. The result revealed that both women farmers were into agriculture through marriage and they were both marginalized in terms of land resources. Japanese women farmers were not participating in the marketing of agricultural products in the past. DFM is being operated as indoor type in Japan while opposite is the case in Nigeria. More than half of Japanese sell their vegetable, rice cake, rice bread and cookies in DFM but only few sell rice in the same market. In contrary, most of the Nigeria women farmers produce were marketed in DFM. Both women were empowered in all indicators but Nigerian women were more empowered than Japanese except on mobility. However, autonomy of decision making regarding borrowing or lending remains low. Both women farmers judged their present status to improve compared to the past.Item Highly organised direct farmers market: analysis of forms, characteristics, operations and women involvement in Japan(2007) Tijani, S. A.; Yano, I.This study was based on the primary information collected from women farmers and coordinators of selected direct farmers markets in Sera and Ohnan Chuo, Hiroshima and Shimane prefecture respectively in Japan. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to select respondents and direct farmers markets Information from direct farmers market coordinators and women farmers/processors was collected through interview schedule and structured questionnaires respectively. The study revealed that most of the direct farmers market studied were established for economic and social assistance of farmers. Requirements to participate varied from market to market. Low profit, competition and lack of sale were the major problems facing the respondents. Comparison of women farmers’ income from agriculture and non agriculture suggests better condition in agriculture than seeking employment outside the industry. Although, respondents were being empowered economically in some market and socially in others through participation in direct farmers market but both economics and social as well as political empowerment are essential for the market participants through involvement in the management activities of the market. Physically presence of farmers with their products on weekly, fortnightly or monthly basis should be initiated in order to build more social relationship among farmers and between farmers and consumers.Item Assessment of current status of women farmers in Japan using empowerment indicators(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007) Tijani, S. A.; Yano, I.This research assessed the current status of Japanese women farmers using universal measurement of women empowerment. Two prefectures, Hiroshima and Shimane were selected. Stratified sampling technique was used to select respondents from each village while structured questionnaire was employed to collect data on economic, social, familial, legal, mobility and political status of the respondents. The result shows that status of women farmers was improved in the recent time compared to years back. This was revealed in the favourable responses to some statement questions such as; freedom and participation in voting, relationship with husband, participation in outside work and freedom of movement. However, their status as unpaid workers on family farms, lack of freedom to borrow and lend, inability to express their mind over the children to mother-in- law were the prevailing items of their disempowerment. Classifying respondents on the overall empowerment shows that majority of them were highly empowered. Inferential analysis using t-test to compare women farmers past and present status shows a significant difference, t = 4.827, p = 0.000. Relationship between personal characteristics of women farmers and their present empowerment status using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) coefficient r shows negative correlation between age and all empowerment indicators. Also marital status has negative correlation with familial and legal empowerment while mother-in-law and familial empowerment were positively correlated. It therefore suggests that status of women farmer in Japan has improved, compare to their situation years back.