Agriculture Extension & Rural Development
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Item Youth farmers’ willingness to Pay for agricultural extension service in Oyo State(2013) Adelakun, O. E.; Adeniyi, J. A.Digital agriculture technologies have the potential to increase the efficiencies and productivity of farmers. However, the use of these digital technologies requires its users to have some level of digital skills – digital literacy. This study, therefore examined the level of digital literacy of crop farmers in Oyo state. A multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting 120 respondents from the study area. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Data were analysed using descriptive (frequency, percentage, and mean) and inferential statistics (Chi-square and PPMC) were used. Results reveal that majority of the respondents were male (70%), married (90.8%), had no formal education (42.5%), with a mean age of 56 years and average farming experience of 25 years. About 79.0% had between 0.5 and 8 acres of farmland, 68.3% did not practice mixed farming, 73.3%had never used social media, and 72.5% used feature phones. Furthermore, 57.5% had a favourable perception of the use of digital tools with low knowledge (55%) of basic concepts and processes of digital agriculture and platforms. The level of digital literacy (71.7%) among crop farmers in Oyo state was low. Lack of training to develop digital skills ranked the most severe constraint to digital literacy and usage among respondents. However, the perception of the use of digital tools was favourable. The digital literacy level of crop farmers was generally low. There is a need for government to establish a digital literacy initiative specifically targeted at farmers to develop and improve their digital skills through training.Item Sustained utilisation of acquired entrepreneurial skills among youth in Southwestern Nigeria: National Directorate of Employment’s perspective(Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, 2019-06) Adelakun, O. E.Entrepreneurial skills are recognized as veritable tools for reducing youth unemployment in Nigeria. However, for it to produce required effects, the extent to which such skills are sustainably used must be ascertained. This study therefore investigated the sustained utilisation of acquired entrepreneurial skills among youth in Southwestern Nigeria from the perspective of National Directorate of Employment. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 163 respondents for the study from Ogun and Osun States. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results show that respondents had training on poultry production (17.1%), grasscutter production (11.6%) and trading (9.2%) among others. Also 32.5% of the participants did not diversify into any activity while others diversified into activities such as okada riding, trading, sales of recharge cards, barbing, farming, and computer operator while some also got job. Almost all the participants (99.3%) completed the training, about 88.9% were given take off grant or materials and 96.9% had been able to put the learnt skill to use. Sustained utilisation of acquired NDE entrepreneurial skills was high (73.4%). The study concluded that NDE entrepreneurial skills are sustainably used. It is recommended that the sustainably used components of NDE activities be developed as a package and adapted by organisations engaging in similar training programme.Item Youth farmers’ willingness to Pay for agricultural extension service in Oyo State(CYIAP Network Publishing, 2018) Adelakun, O. E.; Adeniyi, J. A.The sustainability of agriculture calls for effective agricultural extension service delivery. However, the public agricultural extension system is grossly ineffective owing to diverse challenges including lack of funding, therefore in searching for new funding and delivery alternatives in addition to government’s input, issues such as willingness of famers to pay are extremely important. This study assessed the willingness of young farmers to pay for agricultural extension services in Ibarapa Areas of Oyo State. The population of the study consisted of all young farmers in Ibarapa Zone of Oyo State i.e. Ibarapa East, Ibarapa Central and Ibarapa North Local Government Area. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and twenty young farmers. Data were collected with the aid of interview schedule. Frequency and percentages were used to describe the dependent and independent variables of the study while Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Chi-square were employed for hypotheses testing. The result of the findings revealed that the mean age was 32±2.8 years, majority (80.8%) were male, married (80.8%) with household size of 1-4. More than half of the respondents (54.2%) had tertiary education. Friends and family (1.85) ranked 1st as respondents’ source of information on agricultural practices. Information on credit sources (0.87) ranked 1st as the preferred agricultural service the respondents were willing to pay for. Also, less than half (47.5%) of the respondents had favourable attitude towards public extension services. However, willingness of young farmers to pay for extension services was high (51.7%). The results also revealed that there was a significant relationship between household size (χ2=9.498, p=0.023), level of education (χ2=17.454, p=0.002) and willingness to pay for extension services. Nevertheless, there was no significant relationship between respondents’ attitude towards public extension service (r=--0.150, p=0.102) and willingness to pay for extension services. The study concluded that young farmers in the study area were willing to pay for extension service.Item Effects of national directorate of employment on youth poverty status in Southwestern Nigeria(Departments of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,, 2017) Adelakun O. E.Youth unemployment is one of the most serious socio-economic problems currently confronting Nigeria. Its effect is felt on the high rate of poverty among the youth. The National Directorate of Employment (NDE) was an initiative, which targeted skills development and job creation among the youth. However, few studies exist on its impact on youth poverty. Therefore, effects of NDE on youth poverty status in Southwestern Nigeria were investigated. A two-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for the study. Out of the six Southwestern states, Osun, Oyo and Ogun were randomly selected. Simple random sampling was used to select 244 NDE participants of five years and above, with 155 non-NDE participants selected using snowball technique to give a total sample size of 399 respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents were male with mean age of 31.0±6.1 years. Half of the respondents (50.4%) were married, earning a mean income of N21,831.7 monthly. About 57.0% participated in agricultural training and 85.2% exhibited high knowledge of NDE activities. The greatest challenge faced by 66.0% of participants was insufficient fund (1.6±0.7), with the most important benefit derived being technical skills (1.09±0.71). More participants (27.1%) were better off than non-participants (21.3%) in poverty status. Furthermore, no significant difference (t=1.95; p>0.05) exists in poverty status of participants and non-participants. However, there was a significant difference (t=15.08; p<0.00) in the poverty status of participants in agricultural and nonagricultural training. The NDE activities had a low impact on the poverty status of participants. There should be an upward review of both monetary and material grants given to the participants to create a positive effect on the poverty status of participants,Item Gender disparity in academic performance of students in the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Oyo State(Departments of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,, 2017) Adelakun O. E.Gender disparity in schooling is observed among younger population in which men perform better than women in certain settings while women outperform men in other settings. This study examined gender disparity in academic performance among faculty of agriculture and forestry students of University of Ibadan. One hundred and fifty respondents were randomly selected from 200, 300 and 400 levels and structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages while T-test was employed for inferential statistics. Results show that majority of the respondents were within the active age of 18-26 years (88.0%), single (86.7%) and were from monogamous family (71.3%). Conduciveness of learning environment (0.44) and parental/guardian attention (0.44) were considered by both male and female students respectively as the major factors that affect academic performance. About 45.2% of male students and Female students had positive attitude to education (53.2%) and larger percentage of female students were in 2nd class upper division (48.1%). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the academic performance of male (3.9863) and female (4.5870) students (t=6.049, p=0.015). The study concluded that female students perform academically better than their male counterparts. Male students should be given optimum attention in gender mainstreaming advocacy.Item Socioeconomic effects of farmer-pastoralist conflict on agricultural extension service delivery in Oyo State, Nigeria(2015-12) Adelakun, O. E.The study examined the socio - economic effect of farmer-pastoralist conflict on family farming in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select to 60 farmers and 60 pastoralists for the research and were interviewed with structured questionnaire. Results showed that a little above half (52.6%) were between the ages of 30-50 years. The majority (63.3%) had household size of 5-9 members. Crop damage (63.3%) and indiscriminate bush burning (46.7%) were considered the most common causes of conflict between farmers and pastoralists. The majority (71%) of farmers suffer economic losses from farmer-pastoralist conflicts. About seventy five percent of farmers used more of problem-oriented (e.g. early harvesting/stock disposal) coping strategies while the majority of herdsmen (73%) used more of emotion-oriented strategies (e.g. use of charms/Vengeance. There was a significant difference (p=0.000) in socio-economic losses among farmers and pastoralists. Farmers are the worst hit of Farmer-pastoralist conflicts as it affects their family farming. Setting up of a three-tier farmer-herdsmen conflict management committee is recommended.Item Use of information communication technologies among fish farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria(2010-06) Akinbile, L. A.; Alabi, O. E.The need to reduce the import bill on fish through improved fish farming in order to meet its increasing demand led to enhancement of local production. This is through improving capacity of fish farmers with the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs). In determining the use of ICTs among fish farmers in Oyo State, one hundred and twenty respondents were interviewed for the study. These were selected from Ibadan/Ibarapa zone of Oyo State ADP using simple random sampling technique. The relationship between use of ICTs and income level was determined using PPMC. Results show that 89.2 percent of the respondents were married and 84.2 percent were educated with mean age of 46 years. The registered farmers updated their knowledge often from different sources, most especially from extension agents. The use of ICTs by respondents indicated a significant relationship with their income level (r = 0.264, p=0.004). The study concluded that fish farmers’ behaviour to information is not poor but they do not have enough knowledge of ICTs, especially the modern ones which will make them exploit the potentials embedded in the use. Therefore there should be enough sensitization of fish farmers on the importance and advantages of the use of ICTs.Item DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL RISK MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOUR OF CROP FARMERS IN NIGERIA(2014-12) OLAJIDE, F.OAgricultural risks constitute a fundamental challenge in Nigeria, leading to low productivity among farmers. Farmers risk management behaviour determines the extent to which they overcome risk types. Information on crop farmers’ risk management behaviour in Nigeria is however scanty. Therefore determinants of agricultural risk management behaviour of crop farmers in Nigeria were investigated. Multistage sampling technique was used. Of the agro-ecological zones, Coastal, Rainforest and Guinea savannah were randomly selected. Thereafter, 10% of the states in the zones (Lagos, Osun and Niger) and 10% of the Local Governments Areas (LGAs) in the states were selected. Two communities were selected from each of the LGAs and 15% of crop farmers were chosen in the selected communities to give 323 crop farmers. Interview schedule was used to collect data on respondents’ risks types, risk exposure levels and risk management strategies. Indices were used to categorise farmers on their risk types (production, marketing, financial and social) and risk behaviour (superior, active, di-function, mono-function and part-time risk managers). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, ANOVA and multinomial logistic regression at p= 0.05. Most (90.0%) respondents were males, married (89.7%), and had at least primary school education (62.3%) with farm sizes of less than 5 hectares (72.3%). Age and years of farming experience were 53.2±10.5 and 28.3±12.1 years respectively. Majority (94.2%) identified inadequate cash-flow, pests and diseases (91.3%), ill-health of farmer/farm employee (89.0%) and volatility in output price (85.5%) as types of agricultural risks. Respondents were more vulnerable to production (9.85) and financial (9.84) risks. Majority (81.3%) were moderately or highly exposed to agricultural risks. Risk management strategies highly utilised were reducing leverage (2.94), maintaining good relations with contracting partners (2.73), use of fertilizers (2.65) and use of improved seedlings (2.57), while 73.9% of the farmers that had crop insurance coverage affirmed that it was effective in managing risks. Use of risk management strategies was low for 47.1%, with marketing strategies being the least (1.17) utilised. Superior agricultural risk managers accounted for 14.2%; active (26.8%); di-function (33.2%); mono-function (21.9%) and part-timers (3.9%), with the coastal zone having the highest percentage of superior (19.0%) and active (43.1%) risk managers. There were significant relationships between level of risk management and each of sex, marital status, educational level and farm size. While the Guinea savannah zone had the highest level (259.58) of agricultural risk exposure, the coastal zone had the highest level (75.89) of agricultural risk management. Significant predictors of agricultural risk management behaviour were farm size, organization membership and risk exposure level for mono-function and active managers. Di-function and superior managers were significantly predicted by farm size and risk exposure level respectively. Crop farmers in the zones encountered more of production and financial risks and lacked adequate risk management strategies. Their low level of insurance coverage indicated that factors other than awareness determined participation in insurance. Crop farmers should utilise more risk management strategies in order to reduce their risk exposure levels.Item Level of involvement of shea butter processors in processing activities in North-central, Nigeria(2019) Tijani, S. A.; Sanusi, M. K.The study examined the level of involvement of Shea butter processors in processing activities in North-central Zone of Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 330 respondents for the study. The data was collected through an Interview schedule and analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The result of the findings shows that the average age of the respondents was 40.2 years, with 97.9% and 97.0% being female and of Islamic faith respectively. They have average household size of 8.78 persons and 54.8% were members of cooperative with an average working experience of 19.40 years. Generally, the respondents had low level of involvement in Shea butter processing activities (57.9%), though there was high level of involvement in milling of the nuts (1.69) and boiling dough (1.667). The respondents were able to meet their basic needs of life through their involvement in Shea butter processing activities. However, lack of credit facilities and high cost of processing equipment were the major constraints to Shea butter processing. There were significant relationship between memberships of Shea butter processors (χ²= 20.8, p=0.00), age (r=0.17, p=0.03), years of experience (r=0.21, p=0.00), benefit (r=0.44, p=0.00) and constraints (r=0.23, p=0.00) with their level of involvement in Shea butter processing. There is the need to sensitise the processors on the benefits inherent in Shea butter production and belonging to Shea butter processors association to increase the level of involvement and income generation for the processors.Item Effect of farmers’ field school (FFS) on maize production among women farmers in Ondo State(2019-03) Tijani, S. A.Farmer Field School (FFS) is a popular education and extension approach worldwide that uses experiential and group approaches to facilitate farmers in making decisions, solving problems, and learning new techniques. The study investigated the effect of FFS on women farmers’ production in Ondo State. Purposive sampling technique was used to select two local government areas based on the presence of women among the groups or women dominated groups. One hundred and sixty (160) respondents, comprising 80 participants and 80 nonparticipants were randomly selected. Data were collected with the use of interview schedule and analysed using frequencies, percentages, chi- square, Pearson product moment correlation and t-test αt 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated that more than half (51.9% ) had farm size of 0.5- 1.5 hectares, 49.4% affirmed high effect of FFS; 50.0% gained high knowledge, and 38% experienced between half and double increment on their level of production. There was significant relationship between marital status (χ2=7.73), level of education (χ2=14.09), motivating factors (r =0.673), knowledge gained (r=0.551) and the level of production of women farmers. There was significant difference in the level of production (t=13.450) between the participants of farmer field school and non- participants; and that participation in FFS impacted positively on the level of maize production of participants. Thus, it was recommended that government and non-government organizations should support FFS through adequate funding.