Agriculture Extension & Rural Development
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Item Compliance with feed mill regulations: an assessment of operators in Oyo State(2025-01) Adekoya, A.; Adelakun, O.; Omodiwura, R.; Ogunbayo, I.; Oyelami, B.; Osadebamwen, U.; Akano, O.; Enya, E.; Aburime, P.Item Household poverty effects and youth’s life aspiration in Kwara state, Nigeria(Departments of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,, 2024) Adelakun, O. E.; Olayiwola, I. E.The poverty experienced by youth is commonly linked to childhood deprivation and parental poverty which have implications across an individual’s life-course including life aspiration. This study therefore investigated the effects of household poverty on life aspiration of youth in Kwara state. Systematic sampling technique was used to select 180 respondents for the study. Data was collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages mean Chi-square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC), and T-test. Results revealed that 50.0% of respondents were male and female, with mean age of 22.2±3.5. and mean household size of 7± 2.6 people, while the primary occupation of most of the respondents’ parents was trading (27.2%). Prayer (x=1.08), ranked first as the coping strategies against poverty. Household poverty was high (51.1.4%) likewise life aspiration (54.4%). Aspiration categories such as personal growth (x=14.07), wealth (x=13.0) community contribution (x= 10.8) were the most important life aspirations of the respondents. Parents’ Primary occupation (/2= 25.415, p=0.000), Age (i=-0.153, p=0.041) and household poverty (r=0.338, p=0.000) had significant relationship with level of aspiration. There was also a significant difference in life aspiration of urban and rural youth (t= 3.218, p=0.003). The study concluded that household poverty had significant effect on life aspiration of youth. Governmental interventions should encourage a mentorship programme that will target young people from poor households.Item Drivers of vulnerability to climate change and adaptive responses of forest-edge farming households in major agro-ecological zones of Nigeria(Springer, 2022) Fadairo, O.; Olajuyigbe, S.; Adelakun, O.; Osayomi, T.An understanding of forest communities’ risk factors for climate variation, adaptation trajectories, and how agroecological differences shape their responses are critical to future policy formulation in Nigeria. Therefore, drivers of vulnerability to climate change and adaptation options of forest communities’ farming households in major agro-ecological zones of Nigeria were investigated. Data were collected, using an interview schedule, from 183 forest-edge households in savanna, mangrove, and rainforest agro-ecologies. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used to analyse the data. Respondents cultivated 6.4 ± 2.6 acres of farmland. Changes in rainfall patterns were most experienced in the rainforest and savanna whereas, it was temperature fluctuation in the mangrove. Crop farming was the worst hit by climate change among other livelihoods. Crop rotation in the savanna and mangrove (X = 2.12; 2.44, respectively), and mixed farming in the rainforest (X = 2.52) were top adaptation priorities while crop insurance was the least. Low paying livelihood alternatives (X = 1.54), illiteracy (X = 1.73), and lack of infrastructure (X = 1.38) were major social vulnerability drivers of climate change in the savanna, mangrove, and rainforest, respectively. Major political and economic drivers were inconsistent government policy and poverty, respectively. The use of adaptation measures was not significantly different in the agro-ecologies, whereas, the livelihood impact of climate change was (F = 9.990; p < 0.05). Social and environmental drivers of vulnerability to climate change differ in the forest communities, and adaptation priorities varied according to zonesItem Willingness of neigbhorhood urchins in Oyo State to engage in farm estate agricultural initiative(2023-12) Adelakun, O. E.; Adebayo, I. A.Neighbourhood urchins are generally considered deviant youths who use extortion, exploitation, petty crimes and sometimes violent means to earn income. Unfortunately, they pose huge threats to societal peace. However, engaging them in empowerment programme such as Farm estate agricultural initiative can curb their atrocities and enhance communal peace. This study therefore explored the willingness of neighbourhood urchins to engage in farm estate agricultural initiative for self-empowerment. Using a multi-stage sampling procedure, 113 neighbourhood urchins were sampled and data obtained with the aid of questionnaire and interview scheduled. Data were collected on respondents' socioeconomic characteristics, awareness, perception, preferred interest, willingness and perceived constraints. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, spearman rho and PPMC. Neighbourhood urchins were mostly male (97.3%), had secondary education (47.8%), unemployed (58.4%) with average age of 23 years. Most (62.8%) of the neighbourhood urchins were not aware of the farm estate agricultural initiatives, had unfavourable perception (61.1%), were unwilling to be engaged (67%) and had low preference in farm estate activities (100%). Also, level of education (69%), level of exposure (59.3%), poverty (68.1%) and fear of adapting to new way of life (71.7%) were considered as severe constraints to participating in farm estate agricultural initiative. Age (t=-0.298, p<0.001), household size (r=-0.184, p<0.051), marital status (x2=l5.875, p< 0.000), educational background (x2=10.387, p< 0.016), Awareness level (x2=7.480, p<0.006), poverty (r=-0.307,p<0.001), Lack of parental care (r=-0.462, p<0.000) and Peer pressure (r=0.385, p<0.000), Lack of motivation of any kind (r=-0.305, p<0.001) had significant relationship with respondents willingness to engage in farm estate agricultural initiative for self-empowerment. Neighbourhood urchins are unwilling to engage in farm estate agricultural initiatives for self-empowerment. Motivational incentives, adequate education and awareness can assist them in bringing about favourable perception and attitudinal change towards active participation.Item Household water consumption patterns in Ondo State, Nigeria(2023-09) Adelakun, E. O.; Adeniran, I. B.The study was conducted in Ondo State using multi-stage sampling procedure. Purposive sampling was used to select two communities while systematic random sampling was used to select 150 households with 75 respondents each from the two communities. Questionnaire and interview schedule were employed to elicit information on variables and data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Majority (66.0%) were married with mean household size of 5.5 ± 2.9 members. About (41.3%) had tertiary education, less than half (37.4%) of the respondents obtained their water from well and borehole. The respondents were faced with water constraints such as water inaccessibility (1.07) and high price of water (0.40). Furthermore, water conservation strategies of the respondents include washing of used plates once a day (1.29), washing of face and foot to reduce water used for bathing (0.81), repeated wearing of clothes more than twice (0.83) and skipping bathing or ration bathing at intervals during the week (0.47). Majority (56.0%) of the respondents had favourable attitude towards sustainable water management practices and they consumed 102 litres to 162 litres of water per day. The quantity of household daily consumption of water was between 148.8 ± 61.4 litres with drinking and clothes washing being the most important activities water are used for and are used more than twice a day. Government at all levels should ensure safe sources of water for both urban and rural households and also make them available and accessible for daily consumption.Item Needs assessment of youths Involved in fish farming in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria(2022) Adeleke, O. A.; Adelakun, O. E.; Adegoke, A. M.This study examined the needs assessment of youths involved in fish farming in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State. Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 100 youths that were involved in fish farming in the study area. Specific objectives like personal characteristics, enterprise characteristics, accessibility to factors of production, level of involvement in fish farming, constraints to involvement in fish farming and needs towards fish farming were assessed. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean, Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Results of the study showed that the mean age of respondents was 25.8±6 years and 79.0% were male. About sixty percent of respondents raised both catfish and tilapia and the years of experience of respondents was 4.8±5.0 years. The result further showed that 53.0% of respondent had low access to factors of production and the level of involvement in fish farming activities was high (60.0%). Constraints to involvement in fish farming were weather conditions (x=1.52), high cost of inputs (x=1.49) and high cost of feeds (x=1.48). The needs of respondents were technical (x=29.97), information (x27.10) and agro-service (x=30.64) needs with agro-service being the major need. Chi-square result showed that scale of business (X2 =0.527, p=0.004) was significantly related to the needs of respondents. Also, respondents’ accessibility to factors of production (r=0.328, p=0.001) was significantly related to their needs. The study recommended that government at all levels should provide agro-services to fish farmers and make agriculture a business that is attractive so as to encourage youths to stay in the enterprise and achieve food security in the nation.Item Inclination of young maize farmers to practice climate-smart agriculture(2022) Adelakun, O. E.; Olayemi, O. B.Dependency on rainfall and other climatic factors have exposed farmers to various climate risks. To reduce the effect of climate risk, various climate change adaptive strategies have to be employed including climate-smart agricultural practices. Hence, the study researched the inclination of youth maize farmers to practice climate-smart agriculture. A total of 120 maize farmers were selected in Ogun State, Nigeria through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data was obtained using a structured questionnaire and interview schedule. The data were described using frequency counts, mean, percentages and ranks. Chi-square and PPMC analyses were used to test the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. The result shows that most (83.3%) of the respondents rented land used for farming, with a mean farm size of 7.90 ± 9.98 acres and mean years of farming experience of 16.21±9.53 years. Fellow farmers ((x=1.22) were the main source of information on climate smart agricultural practices. There was high level (70.8%) of knowledge of climate smart agriculture. Channel of information for climate change information (x=1.44) and high labour cost x=1.41) ranked first of constraints to practice climate smart agriculture. Willingness (70.8%) to practice climate smart agriculture was high. There was a significant relationship between respondents’ source of labour (χ2=6.001, p< 0.05), farm size (r= 0.338, p<0.05) and inclination to use climate-smart agricultural practices. The study concludes that young farmers involved in maize production are willing to practise climate smart agriculture. Extension agents from government and non-governmental organizations should adopt e-extension for disseminating climate- smart agricultural practices to young farmers.Item Lessons from community-led water sanitation and hygiene interventions in selected rural settlements of Oyo-State, Nigeria(2021) Fadairo, O.; .Adelakun, O.Sustainability of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) interventions require a paradigm shift from the supply driven to community-led approach. Achieving this goal requires an understanding of local efforts and challenges faced in solving their WASH-related problems. This study addressed these concerns through a case study of two affected rural communities in Ibarapa East Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Using eight focus group discussions with 92 male and female household heads, and key informants’ interviews with four community leaders, the study examined existing WASH situation and the community-led WASH interventions in the study area. Information garnered was audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. Predominant ethnic group in the communities was Yoruba. Most were poorer than the average person. A distant stream, rainwater, and one uncompleted well were the water sources available in study locations and all had poor water quality. Open defecation was common due to the lack of modern toilets or latrines. Starvation, neighbourhood conflict, migration, skipping bathing and meals were major challenges related to WASH. Annual dredging of stream, repair of road linking the communities to the stream, enactment of laws prohibiting open defecating, and partnership with a rural development non-governmental organisation for support were major community-led WASH interventions in the study areas. Rural people tend to require external triggers or support to achieve sustainable solutions to hygiene problems. Collective community action triggered by a sense of disgust for inappropriate behaviours offers a more sustainable solution to WASH challenges.Item Gender analysis of life aspiration among youth in Ogun State, Nigeria(Iksad Global Publishing House, 2022) Adelakun, O. E.; oguntola, O. DLife aspiration is a great motivation to achieving any goal in life, when people settle with a certain aspiration, they have also decided their future. This study therefore focused on analysis of life aspiration of youth in Ogun State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 135 respondents for the study using Interview schedule as the instrument for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as chi-square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and independent sample t-test. Result reveals that 56.3% of the respondents’ were male, the mean age of the respondents was 23.9years, male respondents (57.9%) had higher aspiration than female respondents (44.1%), respondents had more of intrinsic (73.40±11.66) aspiration than extrinsic (64.05±14.20). There was a significant relationship between parents’ occupation of the female respondents (p ≤ 0.05) and their life aspiration. Similarly, there was a significant relationship between father’s educational attainments of male respondents (p ≤ 0.05) and their life aspiration. Respondents were mostly motivated by their interest and ability, parental/guidance influence, educational level and were mostly constrained by inadequate finance, unemployment and inconsequential social network. This study concluded that life aspiration of youth was high. It was recommend that youth should be encouraged to pursue their interest and ability, attain higher educational level, and be granted easy access to finance, provision of empowerment and employment opportunities amongst others.Item Climate change, rural livelihoods and ecosystem nexus: forest communities in agro-ecological zones of Nigeria(Springer, 2021) Fadairo, O.; Olajuyigbe, S.; Osayomi, T.; Adelakun, O.; Olaniyan, O.; Olutegbe, S.; Adeleke, O.A top-bottom approach where local problems are treated in isolation has proven ineffective in achieving sustainable development. The need for inclusive approaches to managing the demand for arable lands, forest resources, and the problems of resource exploitation and climate change calls for local understanding of these elements’ interrelationship. Understanding the interrelationships among climate change, agriculture, and the ecosystems in different agroecological zones in Nigeria was the purpose of this chapter. Deforestation and forest degradation analysis approach was utilized. One state and two forest communities from each of the rainforest, savannah, and mangrove agroecological zones were purposively focused in this chapter based on forest distribution and cover. Focus group discussions involving 252 male and female farmers using 30 years as reference were used to garner relevant information. Climate variation caused a slight modification in cropping schedules of farmers due to prolonged dry season, mainly in the savannah region. Farmers engaged in mixed farming and also cultivate more hardy crops like cassava in response to climate uncertainties. Especially in the mangrove and savannah, ecosystem components such as agriculture and population showed increasing trends over the years as forest cover reduces. Downward trend in charcoal production was limited to mangrove and rainforest zones as fishing and hunting becomes vulnerable livelihoods across the zones. The degree and progression of climate change effects on the ecosystem in Nigeria agroecological zones is largely comparable and have both desirable and adverse livelihood outcomes. Affordable insurance policy, credit, agri-inputs, favorable forest regulatory framework, and youth empowerment supports would enhance sustainable adjustment to climate change.