FACULTY OF ARTS

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A christian dimension to poverty discourse in Nigeria
(The Department of Religious Studies, University of Ibadan, 2011-12) Familusi, O. O.; Oke, O. P.
Poverty, which manifests in various forms, has been a major problem for mankind and a source of concern for successive administrations at various levels in Nigeria. Given this, several attempts have been made towards its reduction, eradication and alleviation, but no major success has been recorded, thus majority of the populace continues to wallow in abject poverty while ironically some have more than enough. Several scholars have worked on different perspectives of poverty. In this piece, an attempt is made to discuss the subject matter from a Christian religious view point so as to understand religion as a major factor in the issue of poverty in Nigeria. In other words, the Church is to be understood as an agent of poverty alleviation and possible harbinger of poverty. A pragmatic religious approach to poverty alleviation is provided as recommendations.
A Comparative Analysis of Japanese and Nigerian Operatic Theatre
(Department of English, 2012) Aguoru, D.
Several studies in Nigerian and in Japanese theatrical traditions have centred on various elements of either of the two dramatic and theatrical traditions. None so far has comparatively examined the two traditions with the intent of establishing distinct national identities,which are concealed in the theatres of peoples, neither has there been an attempt to comparatively institute universality, conformity or unorthodoxy or lack of it in both theatrical traditions. The interests and explorations, by critics of other far more developed national literatures into Japanese dramatic and theatrical tradition, is an indication that this research effort is pertinent. Most transnational and transcontinental comparative studies on Japanese literary traditions have also not ventured beyond the Western world. This pretermits, in the usual manner, the depth and value of African and indeed Nigerian theatrical traditions which are arguably and inextricably rich in comparatives such as trends and forms, elements which have also been globally acclaimed in the international communities. This paper is a comparative examination of Alarinjo and Noh, the operatic theatres of Nigeria and Japan. This analogy is carried out by contrasts; distinguishing the specific features of the forms by comparing differences and is essentially written in counterpoint. This study of the oldest documented professional forms of theatre in Nigeria and Japan seeks to fill some yawing gaps of scholarship in comparative literature, and engage the age long theory of comparative literature as a suitable hypothesis and approach for establishing taxonomies in carrying out this study and other similar studies. It examines how national theatres reflect social, cultural and political issues and also explore the ancient operatic forms to highlight the value of evolving from cultural platforms that are supported by practices that preserve cultural and national identity. This comparatistic inquiry examines movements and trends, motif-types and themes and genre and forms in the operatic theatre of Nigeria and Japan.
A cross-cultural analysis of communication patterns between two cultures in Southwest Nigeria
(2017) Elegbe, O.; Nwachukwu, I.
Communication scholars estimate that two-thirds of communications are influenced by the culture of the communicator. On this basis, this study examined the Igbo and Yoruba socio-cultural relationships as they influence the management of their communication patterns. Employing the mixed-method research design, the study revealed the cultural affinity in both ethnic groups’ communication patterns in the use of honorific greeting, silence, expressiveness (direct or indirectness and touch) and eye contact. This shows that culture has a significant influence on some of the communication patterns of both ethnic groups (p>0.000) while gender also has an influence on both groups (r=20.7, df=l, p<.05). This shows a slight variation in both ethnic groups in relation to their culturally held values. The findings of this study will play a significant role in the promotion of effective communication and peaceful coexistence among cultural groups.
A historical survey of the strategic dimensions in Nigeria-Brazil relations during the oil boom year
(2016) Aborisade, A. S.
This paper examines the socio-cultural and economic peculiarities which necessitated Nigeria-Brazil relations since Nigeria’s independence in October 1960. However, the emasculation of the Nigerian economy, which was not unconnected with the way it was integrated into the global economy as a subordinate player, constituted a severe hindrance to Nigeria’s objective to embark on the dismantling of colonialism in the African continent. This paper tries to historicize the changes which took place in Nigeria-Brazil relations, absence of valuable resource endowments by Nigeria in the international market led to Brazil shrugging off of Nigeria’s call for the liberation of Africa from the vestige of colonialism especially over Portugal and South Africa. This paper investigates whether Strategic economic importance of Nigeria was more compelling than diplomatic necessity to Brazil. The paper, reveals that change in Brazil's Africa policy became necessary not because Brazil wanted to enjoy comprehensive policy autonomy that was devoid of external manipulations, but because of her Strategic interests in Africa. These interests were almost jeopardized by economic and political leverage, which the quadrupling of crude oil prices in the international market in the 1970s bestowed on Nigeria as a Continental power with substantial influence. In its conclusion this paper revealed that the economic interests of Brazil superseded her diplomatic engagement with Nigeria; and that economic objectives shaped the dimension of Brazil’s relations with Nigeria.
Abiola Irele: a critic’s views and reviews of negritude, African literary and cultural debate
(2012-11) Sanusi, R.
Abu ibeji’s salafi movement and the muslim ummah in Ibadan
(The Department of Religious Studies, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., 2016-10) Noibi, M. A.; AbdulSalam, M. K.
Salafi movement developed in the second half the eighteenth century with the aim of redirecting Muslims to pristine Islam. However, some radical variants of Salafi movement which re-interpret Islamic religious teachings and constitute a challenge to other Muslims have emerged. Although scholars have focused on deviant Muslim groups, little has been done in the area of studying the composition and the ideological base of the Ibadan-based Abu Ibeji group; hence, the paper fills the gap by examining the ideological base of this radical Muslim group, as against established extant Islamic teachings, and their implications for other Muslims. The paper adopts content analysis approach and descriptive survey design. It analyses Islamic religious texts and ideas gleaned from in-depth interviews with selected members of the religious group, as well as the leadership of the Muslim community. Abu Ibeji group has recorded noticeable changes in established Islamic religious practices and principles such as prayer timing, gender rights, getting formal education, greetings and child naming ceremony among others. The group is not only overzealous but also plagued with incompetent leaders, ignorant followers and poverty. The group has the potential of developing into a terrorist organisation if something is not urgently done to curb it. There is the need for the Muslim community in Ibadan, in conjunction with the League of Imams and Alfas, to embark on an intensive reorientation and empowerment of the group members and, by extension, the general public.
Abu-l-Atàhiyyah ‘ashharu shu'ardii- zuhdfd ‘Asr al- abbàsI
(Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies, University of Ibadan, 1995-06) Shittu, S. A.
ABUSE OF POWER AND RESISTANCE IN SELECTED POST-COLONIAL SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN NOVELS
(2014-08) ONYIJEN, KINGSTON ONYEMAEKI
ABSTRACT Abuse of power, an excessive use of authority in governance or homes; and resistance, the attempt to confront such abuses, have occupied a prominent position in socio-political discourses in African literature. Existing studies on sub-Sahara African novels written from the late 1980s have focused on thematic concerns such as gender issues, disillusionments and exploitation, without giving adequate attention to the issue of abuse of power and resistance. This study, therefore, examined the forms of abuse of public and domestic power, and forms of resistance to the abuses in the selected novels, with a view to establishing the features of the abuse of power and resistance. The study adopted subalternism, a variant of postcolonial theory which articulates the lopsided relationship between the oppressor and the oppressed, and the strategies deployed by the latter to counter the excesses of the former. Five sub-Sahara African novels were selected based on their thematic affinity, relevance and period of study. The novels are Tiyambe Zeleza‟s Smouldering Charcoal (South Africa); Moses Isegawa‟s Snakepit (East Africa); Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie‟s Purple Hibiscus, Amma Darko‟s Beyond the Horizon and Jude Dibia‟s Unbridled from West Africa where abuse of power and resistance is more prominent among novelists. The data were subjected to literary analysis. Two forms of abuse of power were identified: public and domestic. Public abuse of power is manifested in democratic and military tyranny. Domestic power abuse is demonstrated through benevolent dictatorship, physical and sexual violence. Four forms of resistance were identified: activism, dissent and exile, strategic operations, and strategic confrontations. Public abuse of power in South Africa is manifested in democratic tyranny in Smouldering Charcoal. The government uses „Youth Militia Group‟ to unleash terror on those who failed to obtain party cards, and unjustly arrests and detains unsuspecting citizens. This is resisted by the victims through political and trade union activism. In East Africa, Snakepit depicts military tyranny as General Bazooka uses his position to oppress the citizens, an act resisted by some members of the military through dissent, while others in the civil society go into exile. In West Africa, Purple Hibiscus dwells on domestic power abuse revealed through benevolent dictatorship in the home. The family head, though a generous man, brutalises members of his family. The victims resist through silence and poisoning him to death. While Beyond the Horizon captures domestic abuse of power in a Ghanaian family, as women are physically abused and raped, and they resist through secret service operations; Unbridled portrays abuse of power in terms of beatings, harassments and sexual abuses in the home. The victim resists through violent confrontations, and runs away. Abuse of power, with differing manifestations, such as tyranny, dictatorship, physical and sexual abuses occur in civil, military and home contexts; and resistance through activisms, dissent, strategic operations and violent physical confrontations in post-colonial sub-Sahara African novels. Key words: Post-colonial abuse of power and resistance, sub-Sahara African novels, Public power, Domestic power, Word count: 469
Abuse of Power and Resistance in Selected Post-Colonial Sub-Sahara African Novels
(2014) Onyijen, K. O.
Abuse of power, an excessive use of authority in governance or homes; and resistance, the attempt to confront such abuses, have occupied a prominent position in sociopolitical discourses in African literature. Existing studies on sub-Sahara African novels written from the late 1980s have focused on thematic concerns such as gender issues, disillusionments and exploitation, without giving adequate attention to the issue of abuse of power and resistance. This study, therefore, examined the forms of abuse of public and domestic power, and forms of resistance to the abuses in the selected novels, with a view to establishing the features of the abuse of power and resistance. The study adopted subalternism, a variant of postcolonial theory which articulates the lopsided relationship between the oppressor and the oppressed, and the strategies deployed by the latter to counter the excesses of the former. Five sub-Sahara African novels were selected based on their thematic affinity, relevance and period of study. The novels are Tiyambe Zeleza‟s Smouldering Charcoal (South Africa); Moses Isegawa‟s Snakepit (East Africa); Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie‟s Purple Hibiscus, Amma Darko‟s Beyond the Horizon and Jude Dibia‟s Unbridled from West Africa where abuse of power and resistance is more prominent among novelists. The data were subjected to literary analysis. Two forms of abuse of power were identified: public and domestic. Public abuse of power is manifested in democratic and military tyranny. Domestic power abuse is demonstrated through benevolent dictatorship, physical and sexual violence. Four forms of resistance were identified: activism, dissent and exile, strategic operations, and strategic confrontations. Public abuse of power in South Africa is manifested in democratic tyranny in Smouldering Charcoal. The government uses „Youth Militia Group‟ to unleash terror on those who failed to obtain party cards, and unjustly arrests and detains unsuspecting citizens. This is resisted by the victims through political and trade union activism. In East Africa, Snakepit depicts military tyranny as General Bazooka uses his position to oppress the citizens, an act resisted by some members of the military through dissent, while others in the civil society go into exile. In West Africa, Purple Hibiscus dwells on domestic power abuse revealed through benevolent dictatorship in the home. The family head, though a generous man, brutalises members of his family. The victims resist through silence and poisoning him to death. While Beyond the Horizon captures domestic abuse of power in a Ghanaian family, as women are physically abused and raped, and they resist through secret service operations; Unbridled portrays abuse of power in terms of beatings, harassments and sexual abuses in the home. The victim resists through violent confrontations, and runs away. Abuse of power, with differing manifestations, such as tyranny, dictatorship, physical and sexual abuses occur in civil, military and home contexts; and resistance through activisms, dissent, strategic operations and violent physical confrontations in postcolonial sub-Sahara African novels.
Academic freedom and dual career academic couples: the complexities of being a woman academic in the university space
(2010) Ukpokolo, C.
This study focuses on dual career women academics in a higher education (HE) institution in Nigeria. It explores the experiences of some of these women academics and exposes the internal dynamics that characterize intra-group interactions in the academe. It subsequently raises the issue of equitable participation of men and women academics in HE institutions in Africa. It attempts to understand how the constructed identities of dual career women academics intersect with their interactions in the university space, and impact on their career experiences. Paying attention to the marital institution also, this study explores how these women’s academic freedom can be undermined by the power play in this arena, bearing in mind their categorization. The study thus identifies the areas in which the autonomy and academic freedom of women academics in dual career marriages are possibly undermined. Ethnographic methods provided data for this study. The article concludes that the challenge of academic freedom demands more inward examination of the ‘micro politics within’ in order to incorporate the interests of all stakeholders within the intellectual community in the struggle for academic freedom and academic democracy in the continent of Africa.
Active and passive voices/direct and indirect speech forms
(Ibadan University Press, Publishing House, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Akinsete, C. T.
Activities of religious actors as a factor in national security discourse
(Department of Classics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022) Oke, O.
Insecurity has become a hydra headed monster which security agents in Nigeria and other nations in Africa appear incapable of handling. Insecurity is a state of being subject to danger or threat. It has also been defined as a threat to the state which often accounted for the race for arms and nuclear weapons to defend the state. Insecurity has taken a centre stage in Nigeria and many other countries in Africa in the recent time. No day passes, without the news of one form of violence or the other, and this has turned the countries in Africa to almost a pariah state. After the country gained its independence from the colonial masters’ overs six decades ago, many Nigerians believed that the country would be ushered into the promised land. Rather, the country has been experiencing a plethora of conflicts ranging from the threat of secession, civil wars, regional conflicts, and internal crises (ethnic, religious etc.) which continue to affect the country's nascent democratic structure and development. The various conflicts have destabilized the country and their costs in terms of loss of human life and property are so enormous. Religion is being used by religious actors as tool to fan the embers of insecurity in Nigeria. The spate of insecurity that has engulfed Nigeria has forced many to flee their homes to more peaceful neighbouring countries. Existing scholarly studies on insecurity in Nigeria and other African countries like Achumba, 2013, Ede, 2014 and Awoniyi, 2019 have focused mainly on the traditional approach to security which is state-centric with little attention paid to how religious fundamentalism, fanaticism, blasphemy, extremism and hate speech have over the years been deployed by religious actors to grease the wheel of insecurity in Nigeria and Africa in general. The aim of this paper therefore, is to examine the activities of religious actors in relation to insecurity in Nigeria. This is the gap in study the researcher intends to fill.
Adult education, Islam, and socio-economic development
(The Islamic Cultural Centre and London Central Mosque, London, 2017) Kareem, M. K.; Bankole, A. S.
Seeking education knows no bounds, age, gender and race in the ancient and modem world. In Islam, the first act (Q2:31-33) and Quranic revelation about 1437 years ago was on education and knowledge acquisition (Q96:l-5). Education is undeniably important and cannot be overemphasized in all the affairs of man, whether social, political, economic and spiritual. This paper, therefore, examines the concept, importance and role of adult education in general and Islamic perspective of adult education in particular relating these to socio-political and economic development. This is done with a view to hypothesizing that education, whether for adults or youths, dictates the level of social and economic development because one cannot give what one does not have. Thus, education can have no ending because it is life. Being a qualitative study, the researchers utilize descriptive methodology to analyze data on adult education to support the paper’s arguments. Findings reveal that Islam provides solutions educationally to resource constraints (human and material) which are the major determinants of the sustainability of social and economic development, the abandonment of which culminated in underdevelopment, crass illiteracy, poverty, ignorance and discouragement of scientific enquiry. The paper analyzed many Quranic verses that encourage man (as homo sapiens) to think, ponder, reflect and discover improved ways of socio-political and economic life for sustainable development (e.g. Q27:69 and Q29:20). The paper recommends properly targeted and delivered adult education to end social strife in today’s world.
Adult education, the core of the department
(Ibadan University Press, 2002) Fadeyi, T. O.; Folaranmo, O. O.
Advanced study of muslim law
(Distance Learning Centre, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2011) Kareem, M. K.
"Afiwe awon owe ti o je mo igbeyawo laarin Yoruba ati Igbo "
(Yoruba Studies Association of Nigeria, 2014-06) Adeyinka, A. A.
African christianity and the modern challenges of ecumenism: the Nigerian context
(The Department of Religious Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Mepaiyeda, S. M.
The engagement of the founding fathers of ecumenism in bringing church leaders to the realisation of the need for collaboration towards the achievement of unity especially among Christians in Nigeria is laudable. Even evidences abound that in recent times those who had shown apathy to ecumenical activities in Nigeria in the past are beginning to embrace the ideals it stands for with apparent commitment. However, in contemporary times, some attitudes and practices which nearly frustrated the efforts of ecumenism at inception are rearing their heads again; and this is inimical to the unity of churches in Africa. This paper, therefore, attempts an investigation into such attitudes and practices with a view to ascertaining their effects on the unity of the church and making useful recommendations for the promotion of ecumenism in Nigeria
African feminism/western feminism: contradictory or complementary
(2010) Sanusi, R.
The term feminism is very complex to define as Chandra Mohanty admits in her introduction to Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism. This essay looks at the heated debate often generated by discourse on African and Western feminisms and concludes that even though there are differences between them as a result of their cultural and socio-contexts, they can still borrow a lot from each other.
African muslim diaspora: the genesis of contemporary global islamic radicalism
(British Journal Publishing Incorporated, 2015) Abbas, L. O.
African diaspora is a phenomenal history of primordial occurrence ostensibly buried alive in a shallow grave. Its seeming resurrection in contemporary time has become a reality seeking a global attention. One of the flying wings of that reality which can never be clipped is religion. Being a diehard cultural pivot, religion connotes different things to different people at different times. It is the totality of life to the average living majority of African Muslims in diaspora. Religion, especially Islam, in contemporary time, has become a form of science that requires a concentrate study by all and sundry. This is because religion has graduated from its hitherto personal status into an interpersonal one with global security implications. Most people now see the unfortunate incident of terrorism that occurred in United States on September 11, 2001 as the genesis of the current global Islamic radicalism. This view totally contradicts historical facts as it undermines the real cause of today’s religious restiveness around the world. More than a decade before the US terrorism incident, there had been a signal pointing towards a possible religious turbulence at the dawn of the 21st century. But the signal was tactically ignored and treated as a non-issue. Today, many factors, like slave trade, religious dichotomy and economic insensitivity of former colonial masters still remind Africans in diaspora of their conditions. That reminder is like a whirl wind which should be calmed to allow peace in the 21st century. The modalities to adopt for it are some of the issues to be addressed in the body of this paper.
AN AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE ON ADVANCE DIRECTIVES
(2016-08) ANIAGA, J. Y.
Advance directives, a form of oral or written statement in which people declare their treatment preferences in the event that they lose decision¬-making capacity, are known to exist in various cultures of the world. Existing studies on advance directives in Western medical tradition place great emphasis on individual autonomy to the neglect of communal and other associative ties characteristic of the practice in African tradition. This study, therefore, interrogated the practice of advance directives with a view to bringing to the fore an African perspective – consensus advance directives – represented in Igbo tradition, which is communal in nature. The study adopted, as framework, Menkiti’s notion of the human person which states that the individual is defined by reference to his environing community. Ten relevant texts in Bioethics, especially Meilaender’s Bioethics (BI), Kuhse and Singer’s A Companion to Bioethics (ACB), Beauchamp’s Contemporary Issues in Bioethics (CIB) and six on African thought, particularly, Nwala’s Igbo Philosophy (IP), Menkiti’s Person and Community in African Traditional Thought (PCAT) and Metuh’s African Religions in Western Schemes (ARWCS) were purposively selected. These texts dealt extensively with advance directives and the idea of personhood. Conceptual analysis was used to clarify key terms like advance directives, personhood and community. Critical method was employed in interrogating existing debates on advance directives which emphasised individual autonomy, freedom and choice. Reconstructive method was used to evolve an autochthonous African perspective, herein referred to as ‘consensus advance directives’. Texts on Bioethics revealed that Western culture places emphasis on the autonomy of individual persons, perceived as ‘liberty and ‘right-claim’ holders (BI and ACB). This personalistic conception of the human person is an expression of the Western humanistic tradition, which places premium on atomistic individualism (ACB and CIB). The individual reserves the right to self-determination, and in case of debilitating disease, the liberty to choose the type of healthcare and medical treatment in consonance with his personal convictions, values and beliefs (BI and CIB). Texts on African thought showed that the individual is defined by reference to his environing community, and in case of medical treatment, people need consensus of the community in arriving at a holistic healthcare decision (IP). This is substantiated by proverbs and aphorisms in Igbo thought such as Umunna bu ike (community is strength), oria ofu onye bu oria ikwu na ibe (a kinsman’s sickness is sickness on the patrilineage) and nwanna ibi dara na egosiya umunnaya (one with a diseased scrotum first shows it to his kinsmen). Critical intervention revealed that among the Igbo, decisions concerning the individual’s health are taken not without the participatory knowledge and input of the kin group. The centrality of the community in the individual’s wellbeing, further indicated the place of ‘consensus advance directives’ among the Igbo. The individual in Igbo culture achieves healthcare goals and other aspirations through the fraternal relationship that community affords. Therefore, the African perspective on advance directives as represented in Igbo thought is consensual in nature.