FACULTY OF ARTS
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Item A Comparative Analysis of Japanese and Nigerian Operatic Theatre(Department of English, 2012) Aguoru, D.Several studies in Nigerian and in Japanese theatrical traditions have centred on various elements of either of the two dramatic and theatrical traditions. None so far has comparatively examined the two traditions with the intent of establishing distinct national identities,which are concealed in the theatres of peoples, neither has there been an attempt to comparatively institute universality, conformity or unorthodoxy or lack of it in both theatrical traditions. The interests and explorations, by critics of other far more developed national literatures into Japanese dramatic and theatrical tradition, is an indication that this research effort is pertinent. Most transnational and transcontinental comparative studies on Japanese literary traditions have also not ventured beyond the Western world. This pretermits, in the usual manner, the depth and value of African and indeed Nigerian theatrical traditions which are arguably and inextricably rich in comparatives such as trends and forms, elements which have also been globally acclaimed in the international communities. This paper is a comparative examination of Alarinjo and Noh, the operatic theatres of Nigeria and Japan. This analogy is carried out by contrasts; distinguishing the specific features of the forms by comparing differences and is essentially written in counterpoint. This study of the oldest documented professional forms of theatre in Nigeria and Japan seeks to fill some yawing gaps of scholarship in comparative literature, and engage the age long theory of comparative literature as a suitable hypothesis and approach for establishing taxonomies in carrying out this study and other similar studies. It examines how national theatres reflect social, cultural and political issues and also explore the ancient operatic forms to highlight the value of evolving from cultural platforms that are supported by practices that preserve cultural and national identity. This comparatistic inquiry examines movements and trends, motif-types and themes and genre and forms in the operatic theatre of Nigeria and Japan.Item A cross-cultural analysis of communication patterns between two cultures in Southwest Nigeria(2017) Elegbe, O.; Nwachukwu, I.Communication scholars estimate that two-thirds of communications are influenced by the culture of the communicator. On this basis, this study examined the Igbo and Yoruba socio-cultural relationships as they influence the management of their communication patterns. Employing the mixed-method research design, the study revealed the cultural affinity in both ethnic groups’ communication patterns in the use of honorific greeting, silence, expressiveness (direct or indirectness and touch) and eye contact. This shows that culture has a significant influence on some of the communication patterns of both ethnic groups (p>0.000) while gender also has an influence on both groups (r=20.7, df=l, p<.05). This shows a slight variation in both ethnic groups in relation to their culturally held values. The findings of this study will play a significant role in the promotion of effective communication and peaceful coexistence among cultural groups.Item Item Abu ibeji’s salafi movement and the muslim ummah in Ibadan(The Department of Religious Studies, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., 2016-10) Noibi, M. A.; AbdulSalam, M. K.Salafi movement developed in the second half the eighteenth century with the aim of redirecting Muslims to pristine Islam. However, some radical variants of Salafi movement which re-interpret Islamic religious teachings and constitute a challenge to other Muslims have emerged. Although scholars have focused on deviant Muslim groups, little has been done in the area of studying the composition and the ideological base of the Ibadan-based Abu Ibeji group; hence, the paper fills the gap by examining the ideological base of this radical Muslim group, as against established extant Islamic teachings, and their implications for other Muslims. The paper adopts content analysis approach and descriptive survey design. It analyses Islamic religious texts and ideas gleaned from in-depth interviews with selected members of the religious group, as well as the leadership of the Muslim community. Abu Ibeji group has recorded noticeable changes in established Islamic religious practices and principles such as prayer timing, gender rights, getting formal education, greetings and child naming ceremony among others. The group is not only overzealous but also plagued with incompetent leaders, ignorant followers and poverty. The group has the potential of developing into a terrorist organisation if something is not urgently done to curb it. There is the need for the Muslim community in Ibadan, in conjunction with the League of Imams and Alfas, to embark on an intensive reorientation and empowerment of the group members and, by extension, the general public.Item Abu-l-Atàhiyyah ‘ashharu shu'ardii- zuhdfd ‘Asr al- abbàsI(Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies, University of Ibadan, 1995-06) Shittu, S. A.Item ABUSE OF POWER AND RESISTANCE IN SELECTED POST-COLONIAL SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN NOVELS(2014-08) ONYIJEN, KINGSTON ONYEMAEKIABSTRACT Abuse of power, an excessive use of authority in governance or homes; and resistance, the attempt to confront such abuses, have occupied a prominent position in socio-political discourses in African literature. Existing studies on sub-Sahara African novels written from the late 1980s have focused on thematic concerns such as gender issues, disillusionments and exploitation, without giving adequate attention to the issue of abuse of power and resistance. This study, therefore, examined the forms of abuse of public and domestic power, and forms of resistance to the abuses in the selected novels, with a view to establishing the features of the abuse of power and resistance. The study adopted subalternism, a variant of postcolonial theory which articulates the lopsided relationship between the oppressor and the oppressed, and the strategies deployed by the latter to counter the excesses of the former. Five sub-Sahara African novels were selected based on their thematic affinity, relevance and period of study. The novels are Tiyambe Zeleza‟s Smouldering Charcoal (South Africa); Moses Isegawa‟s Snakepit (East Africa); Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie‟s Purple Hibiscus, Amma Darko‟s Beyond the Horizon and Jude Dibia‟s Unbridled from West Africa where abuse of power and resistance is more prominent among novelists. The data were subjected to literary analysis. Two forms of abuse of power were identified: public and domestic. Public abuse of power is manifested in democratic and military tyranny. Domestic power abuse is demonstrated through benevolent dictatorship, physical and sexual violence. Four forms of resistance were identified: activism, dissent and exile, strategic operations, and strategic confrontations. Public abuse of power in South Africa is manifested in democratic tyranny in Smouldering Charcoal. The government uses „Youth Militia Group‟ to unleash terror on those who failed to obtain party cards, and unjustly arrests and detains unsuspecting citizens. This is resisted by the victims through political and trade union activism. In East Africa, Snakepit depicts military tyranny as General Bazooka uses his position to oppress the citizens, an act resisted by some members of the military through dissent, while others in the civil society go into exile. In West Africa, Purple Hibiscus dwells on domestic power abuse revealed through benevolent dictatorship in the home. The family head, though a generous man, brutalises members of his family. The victims resist through silence and poisoning him to death. While Beyond the Horizon captures domestic abuse of power in a Ghanaian family, as women are physically abused and raped, and they resist through secret service operations; Unbridled portrays abuse of power in terms of beatings, harassments and sexual abuses in the home. The victim resists through violent confrontations, and runs away. Abuse of power, with differing manifestations, such as tyranny, dictatorship, physical and sexual abuses occur in civil, military and home contexts; and resistance through activisms, dissent, strategic operations and violent physical confrontations in post-colonial sub-Sahara African novels. Key words: Post-colonial abuse of power and resistance, sub-Sahara African novels, Public power, Domestic power, Word count: 469Item Abuse of Power and Resistance in Selected Post-Colonial Sub-Sahara African Novels(2014) Onyijen, K. O.Abuse of power, an excessive use of authority in governance or homes; and resistance, the attempt to confront such abuses, have occupied a prominent position in sociopolitical discourses in African literature. Existing studies on sub-Sahara African novels written from the late 1980s have focused on thematic concerns such as gender issues, disillusionments and exploitation, without giving adequate attention to the issue of abuse of power and resistance. This study, therefore, examined the forms of abuse of public and domestic power, and forms of resistance to the abuses in the selected novels, with a view to establishing the features of the abuse of power and resistance. The study adopted subalternism, a variant of postcolonial theory which articulates the lopsided relationship between the oppressor and the oppressed, and the strategies deployed by the latter to counter the excesses of the former. Five sub-Sahara African novels were selected based on their thematic affinity, relevance and period of study. The novels are Tiyambe Zeleza‟s Smouldering Charcoal (South Africa); Moses Isegawa‟s Snakepit (East Africa); Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie‟s Purple Hibiscus, Amma Darko‟s Beyond the Horizon and Jude Dibia‟s Unbridled from West Africa where abuse of power and resistance is more prominent among novelists. The data were subjected to literary analysis. Two forms of abuse of power were identified: public and domestic. Public abuse of power is manifested in democratic and military tyranny. Domestic power abuse is demonstrated through benevolent dictatorship, physical and sexual violence. Four forms of resistance were identified: activism, dissent and exile, strategic operations, and strategic confrontations. Public abuse of power in South Africa is manifested in democratic tyranny in Smouldering Charcoal. The government uses „Youth Militia Group‟ to unleash terror on those who failed to obtain party cards, and unjustly arrests and detains unsuspecting citizens. This is resisted by the victims through political and trade union activism. In East Africa, Snakepit depicts military tyranny as General Bazooka uses his position to oppress the citizens, an act resisted by some members of the military through dissent, while others in the civil society go into exile. In West Africa, Purple Hibiscus dwells on domestic power abuse revealed through benevolent dictatorship in the home. The family head, though a generous man, brutalises members of his family. The victims resist through silence and poisoning him to death. While Beyond the Horizon captures domestic abuse of power in a Ghanaian family, as women are physically abused and raped, and they resist through secret service operations; Unbridled portrays abuse of power in terms of beatings, harassments and sexual abuses in the home. The victim resists through violent confrontations, and runs away. Abuse of power, with differing manifestations, such as tyranny, dictatorship, physical and sexual abuses occur in civil, military and home contexts; and resistance through activisms, dissent, strategic operations and violent physical confrontations in postcolonial sub-Sahara African novels.Item Academic freedom and dual career academic couples: the complexities of being a woman academic in the university space(2010) Ukpokolo, C.This study focuses on dual career women academics in a higher education (HE) institution in Nigeria. It explores the experiences of some of these women academics and exposes the internal dynamics that characterize intra-group interactions in the academe. It subsequently raises the issue of equitable participation of men and women academics in HE institutions in Africa. It attempts to understand how the constructed identities of dual career women academics intersect with their interactions in the university space, and impact on their career experiences. Paying attention to the marital institution also, this study explores how these women’s academic freedom can be undermined by the power play in this arena, bearing in mind their categorization. The study thus identifies the areas in which the autonomy and academic freedom of women academics in dual career marriages are possibly undermined. Ethnographic methods provided data for this study. The article concludes that the challenge of academic freedom demands more inward examination of the ‘micro politics within’ in order to incorporate the interests of all stakeholders within the intellectual community in the struggle for academic freedom and academic democracy in the continent of Africa.Item Active and passive voices/direct and indirect speech forms(Ibadan University Press, Publishing House, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Akinsete, C. T.Item Adult education, Islam, and socio-economic development(The Islamic Cultural Centre and London Central Mosque, London, 2017) Kareem, M. K.; Bankole, A. S.Seeking education knows no bounds, age, gender and race in the ancient and modem world. In Islam, the first act (Q2:31-33) and Quranic revelation about 1437 years ago was on education and knowledge acquisition (Q96:l-5). Education is undeniably important and cannot be overemphasized in all the affairs of man, whether social, political, economic and spiritual. This paper, therefore, examines the concept, importance and role of adult education in general and Islamic perspective of adult education in particular relating these to socio-political and economic development. This is done with a view to hypothesizing that education, whether for adults or youths, dictates the level of social and economic development because one cannot give what one does not have. Thus, education can have no ending because it is life. Being a qualitative study, the researchers utilize descriptive methodology to analyze data on adult education to support the paper’s arguments. Findings reveal that Islam provides solutions educationally to resource constraints (human and material) which are the major determinants of the sustainability of social and economic development, the abandonment of which culminated in underdevelopment, crass illiteracy, poverty, ignorance and discouragement of scientific enquiry. The paper analyzed many Quranic verses that encourage man (as homo sapiens) to think, ponder, reflect and discover improved ways of socio-political and economic life for sustainable development (e.g. Q27:69 and Q29:20). The paper recommends properly targeted and delivered adult education to end social strife in today’s world.Item Adult education, the core of the department(Ibadan University Press, 2002) Fadeyi, T. O.; Folaranmo, O. O.Item Advanced study of muslim law(Distance Learning Centre, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2011) Kareem, M. K.Item "Afiwe awon owe ti o je mo igbeyawo laarin Yoruba ati Igbo "(Yoruba Studies Association of Nigeria, 2014-06) Adeyinka, A. A.Item African christianity and the modern challenges of ecumenism: the Nigerian context(The Department of Religious Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Mepaiyeda, S. M.The engagement of the founding fathers of ecumenism in bringing church leaders to the realisation of the need for collaboration towards the achievement of unity especially among Christians in Nigeria is laudable. Even evidences abound that in recent times those who had shown apathy to ecumenical activities in Nigeria in the past are beginning to embrace the ideals it stands for with apparent commitment. However, in contemporary times, some attitudes and practices which nearly frustrated the efforts of ecumenism at inception are rearing their heads again; and this is inimical to the unity of churches in Africa. This paper, therefore, attempts an investigation into such attitudes and practices with a view to ascertaining their effects on the unity of the church and making useful recommendations for the promotion of ecumenism in NigeriaItem African feminism/western feminism: contradictory or complementary(2010) Sanusi, R.The term feminism is very complex to define as Chandra Mohanty admits in her introduction to Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism. This essay looks at the heated debate often generated by discourse on African and Western feminisms and concludes that even though there are differences between them as a result of their cultural and socio-contexts, they can still borrow a lot from each other.Item African muslim diaspora: the genesis of contemporary global islamic radicalism(British Journal Publishing Incorporated, 2015) Abbas, L. O.African diaspora is a phenomenal history of primordial occurrence ostensibly buried alive in a shallow grave. Its seeming resurrection in contemporary time has become a reality seeking a global attention. One of the flying wings of that reality which can never be clipped is religion. Being a diehard cultural pivot, religion connotes different things to different people at different times. It is the totality of life to the average living majority of African Muslims in diaspora. Religion, especially Islam, in contemporary time, has become a form of science that requires a concentrate study by all and sundry. This is because religion has graduated from its hitherto personal status into an interpersonal one with global security implications. Most people now see the unfortunate incident of terrorism that occurred in United States on September 11, 2001 as the genesis of the current global Islamic radicalism. This view totally contradicts historical facts as it undermines the real cause of today’s religious restiveness around the world. More than a decade before the US terrorism incident, there had been a signal pointing towards a possible religious turbulence at the dawn of the 21st century. But the signal was tactically ignored and treated as a non-issue. Today, many factors, like slave trade, religious dichotomy and economic insensitivity of former colonial masters still remind Africans in diaspora of their conditions. That reminder is like a whirl wind which should be calmed to allow peace in the 21st century. The modalities to adopt for it are some of the issues to be addressed in the body of this paper.Item AN AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE ON ADVANCE DIRECTIVES(2016-08) ANIAGA, J. Y.Advance directives, a form of oral or written statement in which people declare their treatment preferences in the event that they lose decision¬-making capacity, are known to exist in various cultures of the world. Existing studies on advance directives in Western medical tradition place great emphasis on individual autonomy to the neglect of communal and other associative ties characteristic of the practice in African tradition. This study, therefore, interrogated the practice of advance directives with a view to bringing to the fore an African perspective – consensus advance directives – represented in Igbo tradition, which is communal in nature. The study adopted, as framework, Menkiti’s notion of the human person which states that the individual is defined by reference to his environing community. Ten relevant texts in Bioethics, especially Meilaender’s Bioethics (BI), Kuhse and Singer’s A Companion to Bioethics (ACB), Beauchamp’s Contemporary Issues in Bioethics (CIB) and six on African thought, particularly, Nwala’s Igbo Philosophy (IP), Menkiti’s Person and Community in African Traditional Thought (PCAT) and Metuh’s African Religions in Western Schemes (ARWCS) were purposively selected. These texts dealt extensively with advance directives and the idea of personhood. Conceptual analysis was used to clarify key terms like advance directives, personhood and community. Critical method was employed in interrogating existing debates on advance directives which emphasised individual autonomy, freedom and choice. Reconstructive method was used to evolve an autochthonous African perspective, herein referred to as ‘consensus advance directives’. Texts on Bioethics revealed that Western culture places emphasis on the autonomy of individual persons, perceived as ‘liberty and ‘right-claim’ holders (BI and ACB). This personalistic conception of the human person is an expression of the Western humanistic tradition, which places premium on atomistic individualism (ACB and CIB). The individual reserves the right to self-determination, and in case of debilitating disease, the liberty to choose the type of healthcare and medical treatment in consonance with his personal convictions, values and beliefs (BI and CIB). Texts on African thought showed that the individual is defined by reference to his environing community, and in case of medical treatment, people need consensus of the community in arriving at a holistic healthcare decision (IP). This is substantiated by proverbs and aphorisms in Igbo thought such as Umunna bu ike (community is strength), oria ofu onye bu oria ikwu na ibe (a kinsman’s sickness is sickness on the patrilineage) and nwanna ibi dara na egosiya umunnaya (one with a diseased scrotum first shows it to his kinsmen). Critical intervention revealed that among the Igbo, decisions concerning the individual’s health are taken not without the participatory knowledge and input of the kin group. The centrality of the community in the individual’s wellbeing, further indicated the place of ‘consensus advance directives’ among the Igbo. The individual in Igbo culture achieves healthcare goals and other aspirations through the fraternal relationship that community affords. Therefore, the African perspective on advance directives as represented in Igbo thought is consensual in nature.Item African Proverbial Sayings: A Paremilogical Reading of Achebe's Arrow of God(Ife centre for Psychological studies, 2012) Aguoru, D.Item African proverbial sayings: a paremilogical reading of Achebe's arrow of God(Ife Centre for Psychological Studies, 2012-09) Aguoru, D.Africans are a culturally deep and psychologically peculiar people. Proverbs constitute a major form of collective consciousness through which Africans communicate ideas and opinions. Several studies reveal that thought patterns, attitudes and psyche of peoples are comprehensible through paremiology, the study of proverbs. Nigeria's Chinua Achebe has carved out a niche for himself as an African Proverbialist. This article examines the psycho-cultural value of proverbial sayings in his work. The application of this linguistic form as a dominant tool in the narrative technique and in the portraiture of the themes and characters is the focus of this study which takes as reference, Arrow of God, a work that concretizes the African psycho- cultural crisis. It examines the psychological, philosophical and cultural values embedded in the African proverbial folio.Item African research review(2019) Aneni O.MAncient and modern scholars have discussed Alexander the Great’s prowess and intelligence even as a great leader and conqueror who stood out among his contemporaries. This paper is designed to examine Alexander’s strategy in the process of administering his conquered territories. The argument being put forth here is that, while being a conqueror of nations and people, Alexander adopted stratagems to run a successful empire. The adoption of cultural diffusion was one of the strategics. Another was adopting unification policies that aided his governance of his empire. Alexander did not stop at being a mere conqueror, but his desire to unite the world seemed stronger than conquests which appeared paramount. Being properly educated and learned, lie realized that the beauty and uniqueness of the culture of his subdued subjects in various territories were not to be discarded into the waste bin of history where it may be difficult or impossible to retrieve. These strategics arc pointers to efforts of an effectual leader as enduring and vibrant as Alexander, who desired the amalgamation and prosperity of his known world. Further studies may examine the sustainability of this cultural diffusion and his unification ideology among his Diadochi.