FACULTY OF ARTS

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A christian dimension to poverty discourse in Nigeria
(The Department of Religious Studies, University of Ibadan, 2011-12) Familusi, O. O.; Oke, O. P.
Poverty, which manifests in various forms, has been a major problem for mankind and a source of concern for successive administrations at various levels in Nigeria. Given this, several attempts have been made towards its reduction, eradication and alleviation, but no major success has been recorded, thus majority of the populace continues to wallow in abject poverty while ironically some have more than enough. Several scholars have worked on different perspectives of poverty. In this piece, an attempt is made to discuss the subject matter from a Christian religious view point so as to understand religion as a major factor in the issue of poverty in Nigeria. In other words, the Church is to be understood as an agent of poverty alleviation and possible harbinger of poverty. A pragmatic religious approach to poverty alleviation is provided as recommendations.
A Comparative Analysis of Japanese and Nigerian Operatic Theatre
(Department of English, 2012) Aguoru, D.
Several studies in Nigerian and in Japanese theatrical traditions have centred on various elements of either of the two dramatic and theatrical traditions. None so far has comparatively examined the two traditions with the intent of establishing distinct national identities,which are concealed in the theatres of peoples, neither has there been an attempt to comparatively institute universality, conformity or unorthodoxy or lack of it in both theatrical traditions. The interests and explorations, by critics of other far more developed national literatures into Japanese dramatic and theatrical tradition, is an indication that this research effort is pertinent. Most transnational and transcontinental comparative studies on Japanese literary traditions have also not ventured beyond the Western world. This pretermits, in the usual manner, the depth and value of African and indeed Nigerian theatrical traditions which are arguably and inextricably rich in comparatives such as trends and forms, elements which have also been globally acclaimed in the international communities. This paper is a comparative examination of Alarinjo and Noh, the operatic theatres of Nigeria and Japan. This analogy is carried out by contrasts; distinguishing the specific features of the forms by comparing differences and is essentially written in counterpoint. This study of the oldest documented professional forms of theatre in Nigeria and Japan seeks to fill some yawing gaps of scholarship in comparative literature, and engage the age long theory of comparative literature as a suitable hypothesis and approach for establishing taxonomies in carrying out this study and other similar studies. It examines how national theatres reflect social, cultural and political issues and also explore the ancient operatic forms to highlight the value of evolving from cultural platforms that are supported by practices that preserve cultural and national identity. This comparatistic inquiry examines movements and trends, motif-types and themes and genre and forms in the operatic theatre of Nigeria and Japan.
A cross-cultural analysis of communication patterns between two cultures in Southwest Nigeria
(2017) Elegbe, O.; Nwachukwu, I.
Communication scholars estimate that two-thirds of communications are influenced by the culture of the communicator. On this basis, this study examined the Igbo and Yoruba socio-cultural relationships as they influence the management of their communication patterns. Employing the mixed-method research design, the study revealed the cultural affinity in both ethnic groups’ communication patterns in the use of honorific greeting, silence, expressiveness (direct or indirectness and touch) and eye contact. This shows that culture has a significant influence on some of the communication patterns of both ethnic groups (p>0.000) while gender also has an influence on both groups (r=20.7, df=l, p<.05). This shows a slight variation in both ethnic groups in relation to their culturally held values. The findings of this study will play a significant role in the promotion of effective communication and peaceful coexistence among cultural groups.
A feminine deconstruction of the concept and tenets of Arole in Oyo empire and its place in Yoruba philosophy
(Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2020) Gbadamosi, O. A.
The concept of Arole occupied and still has a significant position in Oyo Empire. Arole among the Yoruba is the first male child in a family. Such child has sociological, economic and religious advantages over his siblings. In fact, a family without an Arole. regardless of the number of female children, is somewhat incomplete. Thus, a wife goes all out to ensure she “produces” one for her family in Order to make her motherhood complete and her place as a wife secured. This paper seeks to deconstruct this concept embedded in the beliefs of the Yoruba by offering a rational reflection on the tenets of Arole and the significant power it wields among children, in the Oyo Empire, the family and the Yoruba society at large. This is done from a feminine perspective in order to analyze, critically, Arole from a mother's or sister's viewpoint. This study seeks to answer the following questions: what is Arole to a Yoruba and the intent of identifying a child as one? What are the advantages and disadvantages (if any) of being an Arole? What are the tenets of Arole? Is Arole still relevant in a Contemporary Yoruba society? These questions are answered in this study with a view to offering a female holistic view of Arole, presenting the logical flaws in the concept, and unraveling the tenets of Arole and its place among the Yoruba in the 21" Century. Recommendations were also suggested.
A historical survey of the strategic dimensions in Nigeria-Brazil relations during the oil boom year
(2016) Aborisade, A. S.
This paper examines the socio-cultural and economic peculiarities which necessitated Nigeria-Brazil relations since Nigeria’s independence in October 1960. However, the emasculation of the Nigerian economy, which was not unconnected with the way it was integrated into the global economy as a subordinate player, constituted a severe hindrance to Nigeria’s objective to embark on the dismantling of colonialism in the African continent. This paper tries to historicize the changes which took place in Nigeria-Brazil relations, absence of valuable resource endowments by Nigeria in the international market led to Brazil shrugging off of Nigeria’s call for the liberation of Africa from the vestige of colonialism especially over Portugal and South Africa. This paper investigates whether Strategic economic importance of Nigeria was more compelling than diplomatic necessity to Brazil. The paper, reveals that change in Brazil's Africa policy became necessary not because Brazil wanted to enjoy comprehensive policy autonomy that was devoid of external manipulations, but because of her Strategic interests in Africa. These interests were almost jeopardized by economic and political leverage, which the quadrupling of crude oil prices in the international market in the 1970s bestowed on Nigeria as a Continental power with substantial influence. In its conclusion this paper revealed that the economic interests of Brazil superseded her diplomatic engagement with Nigeria; and that economic objectives shaped the dimension of Brazil’s relations with Nigeria.
A philosophical analysis of sacrifice as a means to an end in contemporary Nigerian Christianity and Yoruba traditional religion
(2018) Gbadamosi, O. A.
History reveals Io us the significant position occupied by sacrifice in most world religions. Today, in spite of the enormous pressure of Western civilization or what we call modernity, people still offer sacrifices in different religions. Sacrifice in the context of this paper involves a cost, depriving oneself of what is valuable and sometimes precious. There are several factors necessitating the offering of sacrifice, one of which is sacrifice serving as a “means” to an “end.” What is this “means” and what is this “end?" Why do people offer sacrifices? Is it because of the love for the deity or is their sacrifice premised on their own needs? What is the actual goal of a sacrifice? What is the real reason why people give sacrificially? Is a sacrifice attached to a need or what the one offering the sacrifice Stands to benefit? This paper attempts to answer these vital questions attached to sacrifice in the contexts of Christianity and Yoruba Traditional Religion. It is a philosophical analysis of a fundamental purpose of sacrifice- a “means" to an “end" in the two selected religions. The paper adopts E. B. Taylor ’s theory which sees Sacrifice as a means of “bribing" the gods or of paying homage to them. The methods of data Collection includes consultation of relevant books and journals on the subject of discussion.
A philosophical analysis of the role of indigenous religion in the growth and expansion of Christianity in Africa
(Department of Religious Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Olaleye, S. K.; Gbadamosi, O. A.
Religion plays a dominant role in the life of the average African. Long before the advent of Christianity, Africans have been actively practising their indigenous religion. Several scholars have focused on various aspects of the history of Christianity in Africa with little attention paid to the contributions of the Indigenous religion to Christianity, especially in the area of its growth and expansion. This paper seeks to address this lacuna with the view to providing answers to questions on the influences of the indigenous religion of the people on Christianity in Africa. The interaction of Christianity with the indigenous religion often leads to the attitude of skepticism, especially in Christian circles. Contrary to the erroneous belief that African indigenous religion is anti-Christianity, it has actually contributed to its growth and expansion in Africa. This study adopts Descartes ’s methodological skepticism which has its roots in epistemology, in its analysis of the contributions of the Indigenous religion to Christianity.
A re-reading of William Parley’s telos in design within the context of anthropic principle and Its implications for contemporary theology
(Science Arena Publications, 2020) Gbadamosi, O. A.
Philosophers and Theologians have grappled with the need to understand the nature of the universe for centuries, and for this subject to remain a subject of intense discussion in contemporary circles, suggests its continuous importance. Science has always been relevant, most significantly, in its attempt to explain our interest in the world around us. Thus, William Parley made use of the famous analogy of a watch and the world to explain the precision in the universe, and to prove the existence of a designer. This paper, therefore, attempts a re-reading of his work within the context of a scientific position known as the Anthropic Principle. This is done by focusing on William Parley’s Teleological argument for God’s existence; the nature of science and religion within the framework of this study; and lastly, the meaning of the Anthropic Principle and its implication for contemporary theology. This study employs the Providence theory of John Polkinghorne, which shows that God has created the universe in such a way as to provide what is needed for life, most especially human existence
A re-visit to the concept of freewill and ideas of causality in Yoruba religion
(Ibadan University Press Publishing House, University of Ibadan Ibadan, Nigeria, 2016) Gbadamosi, O. A.
The issue of human will has been a subject of much debate in the history of philosophy and within religious circles over the Centuries. This paper examines the subject of freewill and ideas of causality in the indigenous religion of the Yoruba. Ideas of causality feature prominently in the belief Systems of Yoruba religion expressed in the concepts of Ori, Irawo, Ipin, Ogo, Kadara, Akunlegba, Akunleyan and Ayanmo and other similar ideas revolving around determinism. These ideas of causality lead to a hasty conclusion in most cases that freewill does not exist among the Yoruba. Insisting that there is no freewill has serious implications within a practical milieu especially because of individual responsibility for actions. This paper is a departure from the notion that there is no freewill among the Yoruba. This is done by discussing the meaning of freewill with a view to finding a definition suitable in the Yoruba religious contexts which is clearly different from the Western idea of freewill. This paper also discusses how the concept of freewill and issues related to determinism feature in Yoruba beliefs. This paper employs the Compatibilism theory, the current name for William James’ “soft" determinism, which is the logically contradictory notion that free will is compatible with determinism. This is done with a view to drawing the conclusion that freewill exists among the Yoruba in spite of the established ideas of causality.
A religious justification of the role of science in human reproduction
(The Department of Religious Studies, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., 2022-12) Gbadamosi, O. A.; Adeniyi, O. A.
Giving birth to children is very important in many African societies, because children are portrayed as evidence of fruitfulness and blessings from God. In fact, there is a saying that children are the gains of a marriage. Amid this huge burden and societal expectations, some couples are encumbered with this weight as a result of some medical challenges in the area of procreation. Scientific advancements have offered interventions to mitigate this problem, as is evident in other human endeavors, where scientific solutions have come to the rescue through a number of reproductive technologies. Extant literature on human reproductive technology have focused largely on the procedures and ethical perspectives with scant attention paid to it from a Christian religious perspective. This study therefore, explored a religious justification of the role of science in human reproduction. This was with a view to addressing the concerns that have been raised by varying adherents of religions and schools of thought regarding the ethics of reproductive technologies. The aim of the study was to answer questions on whether reproductive technologies contravene the natural way of human reproduction and whether they tamper with the supremacy of God. The paper concludes that there is no justifiable reason for rejecting the gift of knowledge of God to humanity through science in the area of human reproduction using St. Augustine’s Concept of Knowledge that all human knowledge comes from God.
Abiola Irele: a critic’s views and reviews of negritude, African literary and cultural debate
(2012-11) Sanusi, R.
Abu ibeji’s salafi movement and the muslim ummah in Ibadan
(The Department of Religious Studies, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., 2016-10) Noibi, M. A.; AbdulSalam, M. K.
Salafi movement developed in the second half the eighteenth century with the aim of redirecting Muslims to pristine Islam. However, some radical variants of Salafi movement which re-interpret Islamic religious teachings and constitute a challenge to other Muslims have emerged. Although scholars have focused on deviant Muslim groups, little has been done in the area of studying the composition and the ideological base of the Ibadan-based Abu Ibeji group; hence, the paper fills the gap by examining the ideological base of this radical Muslim group, as against established extant Islamic teachings, and their implications for other Muslims. The paper adopts content analysis approach and descriptive survey design. It analyses Islamic religious texts and ideas gleaned from in-depth interviews with selected members of the religious group, as well as the leadership of the Muslim community. Abu Ibeji group has recorded noticeable changes in established Islamic religious practices and principles such as prayer timing, gender rights, getting formal education, greetings and child naming ceremony among others. The group is not only overzealous but also plagued with incompetent leaders, ignorant followers and poverty. The group has the potential of developing into a terrorist organisation if something is not urgently done to curb it. There is the need for the Muslim community in Ibadan, in conjunction with the League of Imams and Alfas, to embark on an intensive reorientation and empowerment of the group members and, by extension, the general public.
Abu-l-Atàhiyyah ‘ashharu shu'ardii- zuhdfd ‘Asr al- abbàsI
(Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies, University of Ibadan, 1995-06) Shittu, S. A.
ABUSE OF POWER AND RESISTANCE IN SELECTED POST-COLONIAL SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN NOVELS
(2014-08) ONYIJEN, KINGSTON ONYEMAEKI
ABSTRACT Abuse of power, an excessive use of authority in governance or homes; and resistance, the attempt to confront such abuses, have occupied a prominent position in socio-political discourses in African literature. Existing studies on sub-Sahara African novels written from the late 1980s have focused on thematic concerns such as gender issues, disillusionments and exploitation, without giving adequate attention to the issue of abuse of power and resistance. This study, therefore, examined the forms of abuse of public and domestic power, and forms of resistance to the abuses in the selected novels, with a view to establishing the features of the abuse of power and resistance. The study adopted subalternism, a variant of postcolonial theory which articulates the lopsided relationship between the oppressor and the oppressed, and the strategies deployed by the latter to counter the excesses of the former. Five sub-Sahara African novels were selected based on their thematic affinity, relevance and period of study. The novels are Tiyambe Zeleza‟s Smouldering Charcoal (South Africa); Moses Isegawa‟s Snakepit (East Africa); Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie‟s Purple Hibiscus, Amma Darko‟s Beyond the Horizon and Jude Dibia‟s Unbridled from West Africa where abuse of power and resistance is more prominent among novelists. The data were subjected to literary analysis. Two forms of abuse of power were identified: public and domestic. Public abuse of power is manifested in democratic and military tyranny. Domestic power abuse is demonstrated through benevolent dictatorship, physical and sexual violence. Four forms of resistance were identified: activism, dissent and exile, strategic operations, and strategic confrontations. Public abuse of power in South Africa is manifested in democratic tyranny in Smouldering Charcoal. The government uses „Youth Militia Group‟ to unleash terror on those who failed to obtain party cards, and unjustly arrests and detains unsuspecting citizens. This is resisted by the victims through political and trade union activism. In East Africa, Snakepit depicts military tyranny as General Bazooka uses his position to oppress the citizens, an act resisted by some members of the military through dissent, while others in the civil society go into exile. In West Africa, Purple Hibiscus dwells on domestic power abuse revealed through benevolent dictatorship in the home. The family head, though a generous man, brutalises members of his family. The victims resist through silence and poisoning him to death. While Beyond the Horizon captures domestic abuse of power in a Ghanaian family, as women are physically abused and raped, and they resist through secret service operations; Unbridled portrays abuse of power in terms of beatings, harassments and sexual abuses in the home. The victim resists through violent confrontations, and runs away. Abuse of power, with differing manifestations, such as tyranny, dictatorship, physical and sexual abuses occur in civil, military and home contexts; and resistance through activisms, dissent, strategic operations and violent physical confrontations in post-colonial sub-Sahara African novels. Key words: Post-colonial abuse of power and resistance, sub-Sahara African novels, Public power, Domestic power, Word count: 469
Abuse of Power and Resistance in Selected Post-Colonial Sub-Sahara African Novels
(2014) Onyijen, K. O.
Abuse of power, an excessive use of authority in governance or homes; and resistance, the attempt to confront such abuses, have occupied a prominent position in sociopolitical discourses in African literature. Existing studies on sub-Sahara African novels written from the late 1980s have focused on thematic concerns such as gender issues, disillusionments and exploitation, without giving adequate attention to the issue of abuse of power and resistance. This study, therefore, examined the forms of abuse of public and domestic power, and forms of resistance to the abuses in the selected novels, with a view to establishing the features of the abuse of power and resistance. The study adopted subalternism, a variant of postcolonial theory which articulates the lopsided relationship between the oppressor and the oppressed, and the strategies deployed by the latter to counter the excesses of the former. Five sub-Sahara African novels were selected based on their thematic affinity, relevance and period of study. The novels are Tiyambe Zeleza‟s Smouldering Charcoal (South Africa); Moses Isegawa‟s Snakepit (East Africa); Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie‟s Purple Hibiscus, Amma Darko‟s Beyond the Horizon and Jude Dibia‟s Unbridled from West Africa where abuse of power and resistance is more prominent among novelists. The data were subjected to literary analysis. Two forms of abuse of power were identified: public and domestic. Public abuse of power is manifested in democratic and military tyranny. Domestic power abuse is demonstrated through benevolent dictatorship, physical and sexual violence. Four forms of resistance were identified: activism, dissent and exile, strategic operations, and strategic confrontations. Public abuse of power in South Africa is manifested in democratic tyranny in Smouldering Charcoal. The government uses „Youth Militia Group‟ to unleash terror on those who failed to obtain party cards, and unjustly arrests and detains unsuspecting citizens. This is resisted by the victims through political and trade union activism. In East Africa, Snakepit depicts military tyranny as General Bazooka uses his position to oppress the citizens, an act resisted by some members of the military through dissent, while others in the civil society go into exile. In West Africa, Purple Hibiscus dwells on domestic power abuse revealed through benevolent dictatorship in the home. The family head, though a generous man, brutalises members of his family. The victims resist through silence and poisoning him to death. While Beyond the Horizon captures domestic abuse of power in a Ghanaian family, as women are physically abused and raped, and they resist through secret service operations; Unbridled portrays abuse of power in terms of beatings, harassments and sexual abuses in the home. The victim resists through violent confrontations, and runs away. Abuse of power, with differing manifestations, such as tyranny, dictatorship, physical and sexual abuses occur in civil, military and home contexts; and resistance through activisms, dissent, strategic operations and violent physical confrontations in postcolonial sub-Sahara African novels.
Academic freedom and dual career academic couples: the complexities of being a woman academic in the university space
(2010) Ukpokolo, C.
This study focuses on dual career women academics in a higher education (HE) institution in Nigeria. It explores the experiences of some of these women academics and exposes the internal dynamics that characterize intra-group interactions in the academe. It subsequently raises the issue of equitable participation of men and women academics in HE institutions in Africa. It attempts to understand how the constructed identities of dual career women academics intersect with their interactions in the university space, and impact on their career experiences. Paying attention to the marital institution also, this study explores how these women’s academic freedom can be undermined by the power play in this arena, bearing in mind their categorization. The study thus identifies the areas in which the autonomy and academic freedom of women academics in dual career marriages are possibly undermined. Ethnographic methods provided data for this study. The article concludes that the challenge of academic freedom demands more inward examination of the ‘micro politics within’ in order to incorporate the interests of all stakeholders within the intellectual community in the struggle for academic freedom and academic democracy in the continent of Africa.
Active and passive voices/direct and indirect speech forms
(Ibadan University Press, Publishing House, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Akinsete, C. T.
Activities of religious actors as a factor in national security discourse
(Department of Classics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022) Oke, O.
Insecurity has become a hydra headed monster which security agents in Nigeria and other nations in Africa appear incapable of handling. Insecurity is a state of being subject to danger or threat. It has also been defined as a threat to the state which often accounted for the race for arms and nuclear weapons to defend the state. Insecurity has taken a centre stage in Nigeria and many other countries in Africa in the recent time. No day passes, without the news of one form of violence or the other, and this has turned the countries in Africa to almost a pariah state. After the country gained its independence from the colonial masters’ overs six decades ago, many Nigerians believed that the country would be ushered into the promised land. Rather, the country has been experiencing a plethora of conflicts ranging from the threat of secession, civil wars, regional conflicts, and internal crises (ethnic, religious etc.) which continue to affect the country's nascent democratic structure and development. The various conflicts have destabilized the country and their costs in terms of loss of human life and property are so enormous. Religion is being used by religious actors as tool to fan the embers of insecurity in Nigeria. The spate of insecurity that has engulfed Nigeria has forced many to flee their homes to more peaceful neighbouring countries. Existing scholarly studies on insecurity in Nigeria and other African countries like Achumba, 2013, Ede, 2014 and Awoniyi, 2019 have focused mainly on the traditional approach to security which is state-centric with little attention paid to how religious fundamentalism, fanaticism, blasphemy, extremism and hate speech have over the years been deployed by religious actors to grease the wheel of insecurity in Nigeria and Africa in general. The aim of this paper therefore, is to examine the activities of religious actors in relation to insecurity in Nigeria. This is the gap in study the researcher intends to fill.
Adult education, Islam, and socio-economic development
(The Islamic Cultural Centre and London Central Mosque, London, 2017) Kareem, M. K.; Bankole, A. S.
Seeking education knows no bounds, age, gender and race in the ancient and modem world. In Islam, the first act (Q2:31-33) and Quranic revelation about 1437 years ago was on education and knowledge acquisition (Q96:l-5). Education is undeniably important and cannot be overemphasized in all the affairs of man, whether social, political, economic and spiritual. This paper, therefore, examines the concept, importance and role of adult education in general and Islamic perspective of adult education in particular relating these to socio-political and economic development. This is done with a view to hypothesizing that education, whether for adults or youths, dictates the level of social and economic development because one cannot give what one does not have. Thus, education can have no ending because it is life. Being a qualitative study, the researchers utilize descriptive methodology to analyze data on adult education to support the paper’s arguments. Findings reveal that Islam provides solutions educationally to resource constraints (human and material) which are the major determinants of the sustainability of social and economic development, the abandonment of which culminated in underdevelopment, crass illiteracy, poverty, ignorance and discouragement of scientific enquiry. The paper analyzed many Quranic verses that encourage man (as homo sapiens) to think, ponder, reflect and discover improved ways of socio-political and economic life for sustainable development (e.g. Q27:69 and Q29:20). The paper recommends properly targeted and delivered adult education to end social strife in today’s world.
Adult education, the core of the department
(Ibadan University Press, 2002) Fadeyi, T. O.; Folaranmo, O. O.