FACULTY OF ARTS
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Item Alcoholic Herbal Products and Health of Peasant Adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria(Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2020) Akpabio, O. E.; Omobowale, M. O.The proliferation of alcoholic herbal products (bitters, branded herbal beers and locally- produced herbal drinks) in the Nigerian public space and a corresponding high consumption rate among peasant1 adolescents has generated public health interest in recent times partly because of its associated increased social and health problems especially among young adults. However, while concerted efforts have been made to reduce alcohol consumption especially among adolescents, herbal alcohol use still remains a major problem in this group. Therefore, this article explores factors that promote utilization of alcoholic herbal drinks, perceived benefits and possible consequences associated with it. Qualitative method of data collection was adopted; In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 users (aged 15-19 years) and 12 vendors (aged 20-35 years) of herbal alcohol in purposively selected sites. Data were analyzed following the principles of theme identification and content analysis. Three themes identified were; drivers, benefits and likely consequences of herbal alcohol consumption and were found to operate through a system of normative behaviour, beliefs and experiences. The drivers of normative behaviour were: (sub) Cultural acceptance, as implied in the local and customized names used in the advert and promotion of herbal alcohol consumption which are blended in indigenous symbolic understandings; the relative availability, consumer purchasing power as well as functionality. The perceived benefits identified by users included sexual enhancement, treatments/cure for myriad of diseases and also recreation/sociation. The health and social consequences associated with misuse of alcoholic herbal products were largely neglected by both users and vendors. These have public health implications on the peasant adolescents, thus of significant interest to public health practitioners and policy-makers.Item Masculinity and neighbourhood bullying among adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria- a research note(Berghahn Journals, 2019) Omobowale, M. O.; Akpabio, O. E.; Amodu, O. KMasculinity, as an identity signifier along gender lines, varies from one society to another. The nature, definition, and expression of masculinity (dominance, oppression, violence, and aggression) through social interactions may breed bullying, as found in the Agbowo community of Ibadan, Nigeria. The data for the study were collected through mixed methods and revealed that patriarchal constructed masculinity allows for hegemonic dominance, aggression, oppression, and violent acts that foster bullying among adolescent males in Agbowo. Hence, to address bullying-related problems among adolescents, an understanding of the societal context in which it is carried out is required.Item Influence of erotic television films on adolescent students’ attitude towards people living with HIV and Aids(Communication Studies Forum (CSF) Department of Mass Communication, Faculty of Arts, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 2014) Onyechi, N. J.The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), with its human and material losses, has continued to pose great health challenges to vulnerable human population groups. The factors driving the exacerbation of the pandemic are persisting, especially among the adolescent cohort in part due to widespread discrimination and stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS. Previous studies have shown that exposure to mass media could influence attitude and behaviour. This knowledge notwithstanding, empirical data examining the relationship between exposure to erotic television films and adolescents’ attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS are rare. This study, carried out in Ibadan, Nigeria, investigated the influence of erotic television films on attitude of adolescent students towards people living with HIV/AIDS. The study employed ex-post facto and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) research methods. Systematic sampling method was employed in selecting a total oj 800 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18 years from secondary and tertiary institutions, who responded to the questionnaire while purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 64 discussants who took part in the FGD. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and One- Way ANOVA. Exposure to erotic television films showed a significant relationship with adolescent students’ attitude towards people living with HTV/AIDS (p<0.05). Scheffe post-hoc analysis showed that increased exposure to erotic television films is associated with less empathy towards people living with HIV/AIDS. The result of the FGD revealed that a little above half of the discussants (52.5%) believed that people tend to show less empathy towards people living with HIV/AIDS because they lack correct information about the disease. With high media diet among the adolescent cohort, broadcast regulatory agencies need to establish stringent ethical measures in ensuring that factual information about the disease is embedded in such films. Intervention programmes embarked upon by Government and Non- Governmental Organizations should aim at reducing adolescents’ feeling of apathy towards people living with HTV/AIDS.Item Influence of erotic television films on the sexual behaviour of adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria(Association of Media and Communication Researchers of Nigerisa (AMCRON), 2013) Onyechi, N. J.Media critics, particularly parents, point to the implicit treatment of sex in the mass media. Since adolescents are believed to be heavy users of the mass media, exposure to erotic television films may provide a springboard for sexual experimentation, without fear of contracting HIV. Previous studies have shown that exposure to mass media could influence attitude and behavior. However, empirical data examining the relationships between exposure to erotic television films and adolescents’ sexual behavior are rare. This study investigated the influence of erotic television films on sexual behavior of adolescent students in Ibadan metropolis. The study employed ex-post facto and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) research methods. Systematic sampling method was used in selecting a total of 800 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18 from secondary and tertiary institutions, who responded to the questionnaire while purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 64 discussants who participated in the FGD. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and One-Way ANOVA. Exposure to erotic television films showed a significant relationship with adolescent students’ risky sexual behavior (p<0.05). Scheffe post-hoc analysis revealed that more risky sexual behavior tended to be associated with greater exposure to erotic television films. FGD result showed that majority of the discussants believed that exposure to erotic television films could influence adolescents’ sexual behavior. The study established the influence of erotic television films on adolescent students’ risky sexual behavior. Considering the prevalence of HIV/AIDS among the adolescent group, broadcast regulatory agencies need to apply more stringent ethical measures in controlling the erotic content of films broadcast on television. Government and Non-Governmental Organisations should focus on intervention programmes aimed at reducing adolescent unsafe sexual activity.Item Developing an oral hygiene education song for children and teenagers in Nigeria(international dental journal 72, pp. 866 – 871., 2020-04-22) Ibiyemi, O; Lawal, F; Osuh, M; Owoaje, T; Idiga, E; Fagbule,O; Ijarogbe, OBackground: Oral diseases mainly caused by poor oral hygiene are a major public health problem affecting over half of the world’s population. Oral hygiene education targeted at children and teenagers in schools is an important approach in addressing this problem. Folk songs in the language and cultural context children and teenagers are familiar with appears to be a promising tool and alternative to traditional oral hygiene education. Objectives: This paper aims to report how a local traditional song on oral hygiene education amongst children and teenagers in southwestern Nigeria was developed with a view to providing information on how the song can be developed in other languages as well as how other oral health education songs can be developed. Method: Oral health professionals from the University College Hospital, Ibadan, and music experts from the University of Ibadan, in collaboration with traditional/local musicians, parents/guardians, schoolteachers, and community heads, took part in the development of the song over a period of 6 months. Developing the tool involved certain processes which were validated and evaluated. These processes included developing the lyrics, choosing the type of song, creating the melody, and producing and finishing the song as an oral hygiene education tool. Written and audio documentations of the processes were done. Results: A 90-second oral hygiene education song was developed in English and later translated into Yoruba. The numerous steps, collaborations, and meetings required in the development of the song were associated with many learning opportunities including teambuilding, understanding cultural contexts, effective collaboration, leadership, and communication skills. Conclusions: Creating new and effective oral hygiene education tool requires various processes and multiple steps and resources. However, it is a necessary and worthy exercise in ensuring sustainable and adequate oral hygiene, especially amongst children and teenagers in underserved populations, as we move into the future.Item Challenges to sexual health information seeking behaviour among adolescents in Nigeria(Delmas Communications Ltd., 2014) Elegbe, O.This paper discusses the factors affecting the development of young people and their reproductive and sexual health. It reviews literature on the behaviour of young people vis a vis their reproductive and sexual risk behaviours such as low knowledge of contraception, high infection rate, early sexual initiation, early child bearing, unsafe abortion and lack of Information on STIs and HIV/AIDS. The health belief model was used as a basis to examine whether young people consider their health as important in their daily decision in relation to the issue of sexual activity. The paper also examines the relevance of Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development which deals with how children socialize and how this affects their sense of self. The paper sums up documented studies on the poor health-seeking behaviours of young people which is the bases for their continuous risky behaviour. It finally argues that poor information seeking behaviour among young people could be based on cultural and traditionalvalues that prevent information seeking on sexual issues. It then recommends that reliable information should be disseminated through public health campaigns, the media, and the educational system.Item Patterns of mother-daughter communication for reproductive health knowledge transfer in Southern Nigeria(2012) Obono, K.Many reproductive health studies have examined trends and outcomes of adolescent sexual behaviour but have overlooked the patterns of reproductive communication between mothers and daughters that have implications on girls’ reproductive wellbeing. Although there is a need to safeguard adolescent health, not enough work exists at the interface between female reproductive change and communication. The patterns of communication determine the effectiveness of reproductive knowledge transfer to safeguard girls’ reproductive health at a time of social change. Despite widespread opinion about the taboo nature of sexual and reproductive communication in traditional African settings, its prevalence among mothers and daughters in Ugep, Nigeria, was found to be quite high. The context, form, direction and level of communication reveal that the females engage in reproductive communication in a private environment and through peaceful and friendly strategies. Communication is achieved through sharing of meaning and mutual understanding, which has implications for adolescent female reproductive health.Item Media exposure and reproductive behaviour change among generations of adolescents in Ugep, Nigeria(2009) Obono, K.; Obono, O.This paper examines change in reproductive behaviour across several generations of adolescent girls in Ugep, sourtern Nigeria. It is based on a study of key factors promoting differences in girls' reproductive behaviour across this generations, which linked this change media exposure and a number of social variables that challenge traditional views of the relationships. The study found alterations in adolescent sexual activities, contraceptive prevalence, voluntary abortion and the fertility. Female age at sexual debut was found to be declining, with 11.3% of adolescent females initiating sex at 11 years relative to 4.1 percent from previous cohorts. This finding in particular reflects the onset of liberal sexual norms, accentuated by ease of entry into consensual unions and trends towards sexual networking. The general findings point to the role of western media, poverty and pressures related to an urbanizing lifestyle on girls' aspirations and reproductive choices. In this way,it contribute to the growing body of work on reproductive change in an era of serious population' debate and, therefore, suggests a need for adopting alternative models for explaining reproductive change in sub- saharan communities.Item Influence of home video on sexuality aspirations of secondary schools students in Ibadan, Nigeria(Rapid Research & Communications Ltd., 2009-04) Obono, K.; Obono, O.Home videos are entertainment media but their use by adolescent transcends leisure to sexuality aspirations. A survey of 180 students in selected secondary schools in Ibadan showed that viewing influenced their sexuality knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP). The paper argues that exposure to home movies affect young people's life aspiration as higher viewership (95.6 percent) corresponds with high negative sexuality response (93.3 percent). Accondingly, the media teach 87 percent of student about girl-friend/boy-friend relationships,expose 82 percent to sexual relationships, arose 85 percent and encourage premarital sex among 53 percent students.While entertaining,the media provide information that teenagers use to construct their sexuality, having far reaching heaith implecations. Home vidoe content and packaging thus place adolescent lives on a reproductive health disaster. This calls for alternative models of entertainment communication as well as critical censorship of home movies to help checkmate worsening sexual and reproductive healthconditions in Nigeria.