FACULTY OF ARTS

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    Communication for social behavior change: the use of games and posters to promote sanitation and hygiene practice
    (2014-06) Elegbe, O.; Oyewo, O.O
    People receive health information from a variety of sources and their health status depends, largely on whether they can understand and remember the health information they receive. Current communication strategies are failing in this regard. Most people forget what their educators tell them and others remember the information incorrectly (Anderson JL, Dodman S, Kopelman M, Fleming A, 1979 and Kessels, 2003). Hence, health services researchers have tested many different types of interventions to improve people's understanding of health information, change health behaviours, and improve health outcomes. However, only a limited number of these interventions have been studied to determine their efficacy, especially among people with low health literacy (DeWalt, 2006). Improved communication between health educators and the people will be a great benefit especially for low literate people within the community. Therefore, there is the need to improve the ability of health educators to convey health information to low literate population to improve their knowledge of essential health information. Hence, the development of effective communication strategies to improve the knowledge of low health literate population will also benefit more literate populations(Dower, Knox, Lindler and O'Neil, 2006). Studies indicate that community health workers are a cost effective way to improve people's access to health knowledge and health-related behaviours (Lam, McPhee, Mock, et al. 2003). Trained health educators are para-professionals specifically trained to work with people to increase their knowledge about health promotion and to improve their overall health conditions. If people know they need to understand certain health information, they can reduce the confusion and miscommunication that currently exists (Elder, Ayala and Campbell, et al, 2006; Sherrill, Crew, Mayo, Mayo, Rogers and Haynes, 2005) hence, the need for effective communication strategy in behaviour change communication for promoting positive health behavior towards social development.
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    Gender stereotypes in Nigerian films: a discursive analysis
    (Delmas Communications Ltd., 2014) Doghudje, R. V.; Elegbe, O.
    Gender stereotypes influence people’s expectations and evaluations of what is appropriate for them and others. Gender stereotypes tend to exaggerate perceived differences of members of different groups and the perceived similarities of a particular man or woman to the general categories of male and female, which, in a way, can have a large effect on the way both sexes see themselves and how they are perceived in social relations. Studies have shown that the Nigerian film industry has the capacity to provide a platform for the positive promotion of Nigerian values. This paper examined the patterns of stereotypes being reinforced in Nigerian films and how these patterns affect the image of Nigerian women. It suggests that adequate information on gender issues such as abrogation of discriminatory customs, empowerment for low income women and men, reorientation of male chauvinism can be possible by using the platform of films to change gender stereotyping of women and projecting their positive images in Nigeria.
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    Patterns of mother-daughter communication for reproductive health knowledge transfer in Southern Nigeria
    (2012) Obono, K.
    Many reproductive health studies have examined trends and outcomes of adolescent sexual behaviour but have overlooked the patterns of reproductive communication between mothers and daughters that have implications on girls’ reproductive wellbeing. Although there is a need to safeguard adolescent health, not enough work exists at the interface between female reproductive change and communication. The patterns of communication determine the effectiveness of reproductive knowledge transfer to safeguard girls’ reproductive health at a time of social change. Despite widespread opinion about the taboo nature of sexual and reproductive communication in traditional African settings, its prevalence among mothers and daughters in Ugep, Nigeria, was found to be quite high. The context, form, direction and level of communication reveal that the females engage in reproductive communication in a private environment and through peaceful and friendly strategies. Communication is achieved through sharing of meaning and mutual understanding, which has implications for adolescent female reproductive health.
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    Gender and female reproductive communication in Ugep, Nigeria
    (Delmas Communications Ltd., 2010-10) Obono, K.; Obono, O.
    Gender affects the communication of female reproductive matters in Ugep. Biological and cultural determinism of gender stratification theories help explain this sex-based interaction. The funtionalist suggest that familes are organised among instrumental-expressive lines, with men specializing in instrumental tasks and women in expressive ones. Accondingly, the study reveals tha mother play a greater roles in the communication of female sexual and reproductive health matters. They are evaluated better communicators, more frequent communicators and with less negative styles of communication. This finding shows a gendered communication struture where there exist very little discussions among fathers and daughters. Rather than sexuality communication, fathers' conversation focused on education, carrier aspiration, chid discipline and material provision. mothers were thus identified as playing the major expressive role in female communication. Gender- role attitude is therfore significantly associated with reproductive communication in the family.
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    Sexual Rights Advocacy in Selected African Fiction
    (2012) Okolo, I. G.
    Victimhood, in sexuality discourses in African literature, has, over time, become attached only to women while men have been presented as perpetrators. This perception has dominated feminist and masculinist studies, with little attention paid to men‘s victimisation and sexual rights advocacy. This study, therefore, investigates the representation of sexual rights in African fiction to ascertain African writers‘ responses to these rights. This is in an attempt to show that all individuals have sexual rights, can be victimised in given contexts which are capable of defining/redefining their Otherness, and can seek or gain liberation. The study applies aspects of the Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalytic theories which account for sexuality, otherness and the suffering generated in the clash of the self with the ―Big Other‖. Ten texts – Nawal El Saadawi‘s Woman at Point Zero, Two Women in One, She Has No Place in Paradise and God Dies by the Nile, Calixthe Beyala‘s Your Name Shall Be Tanga, Diane Case‘s Toasted Penis and Cheese, Yvonne Vera‘s Without a Name, J.M. Coetzee‘s Disgrace, Chris Abani‘s Becoming Abigail and Jude Dibia‘s Walking with Shadows – are purposively selected for analyses. The texts are subjected to literary and critical analyses to examine the contexts of sexual rights violation of the self by the ―Big Other‖, the victimisation generated by this violation, and the writers‘ contrived solutions to eliminate it. All the texts share a common denominator – sexual violence and its attendant psychological trauma and physical damages – but, specific texts show that the rights of men, women and children are violated in specific contexts that define their Otherness. Socio-cultural practices and beliefs encourage the violation of rights and victimisation in all the texts, while religion generates same in all of El Saadawi‘s and Dibia‘s texts. While women are victimised in all the texts, men are victimised in God Dies by the Nile, Case‘s and Dibia‘s texts. The role of the perpetrator is played by both men and women in texts by El Saadawi, Beyala, Case and Dibia, whereas only men are the perpetrators in Coetzee‘s, Abani‘s and Vera‘s. While Abani centres on the trafficking of the girl-child for the purpose of sex work, El Saadawi shows that the boy-child can be raped and children are violated when made to suffer for their parents‘ sexual offences. All the texts, in different ways, create avenues for bridging the gap between the self and the ―Big Other‖ and the elimination of suffering. Coetzee‘s and El Saadawi‘s uphold the provision of professional institutions to seek redress for the sexually violated while Dibia‘s and Case‘s highlight tolerance and respect for every individual‘s sexual identity and orientation. All the texts favour the taking of responsibility for sexual actions and religious and socio-cultural re-orientation through sexuality education. African prose fiction writers create sexual rights awareness through their representations of contexts of sexual rights violation, victimisation of male and female genders, and sociologically-grounded solutions to the violation. This awareness, if extended to real world situations, would ensure better understanding and protection of every individual‘s sexual rights.