FACULTY OF ARTS
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Item Potentials of social media for HIV/AIDS campaign among Nigerian youths(Delmas Communications Ltd., 2015-04) Onyechi, N. J.; Obono, K.Youths constitute a vibrant, critical resource input in the development process of any nation. It is, therefore, imperative that their health and wellbeing be safeguarded in the pursuit and sustenance of the socio-economic transformation of any society. With the unabated high prevalence of HIV and AIDS among this age cohort, communication campaigns must be restrategized, diversified and focused on effecting change in the behaviours that predispose young people to HIV infection. Providing youths with requisite information through social media has the potential of stemming the scourge of the virus. The paper critically examines the use of social media as a potentially veritable tool for campaigns aimed at combating the spread of HIV among Nigerian youths.Item Media strategies of HIV/AIDS communication for behaviour change in South West Nigeria(2011-07) Obono, K.The Nigerian media are key instruments of HIV/AIDS communication. They use different techniques to influence human knowledge, attitude and practice. Through the qualitative approach, the study identified the media and strategies commonly used for HIV/AIDS behavior change communication in Nigeria. It triangulated unobstrusive observation and in-depth interviews through the viewing of selected broadcast, film and outdoor media in South-West Nigeria. In-depth interviews complemented the data. Results revealed the use of social marketing to enhance acceptance, retention and recall of HIV messages. Repetition, context-specific languages, credible sources and integration of advertisement, drama, news and public service announcements increased information availability, affordability, accessibility and comprehension. While entertainment constituted the most used communication method, messages were anchored on HIV/AIDS prevention. Comparatively, findings showed a drastic decreased of HIV information in contemporary Nigeria media and this may have implications for national health development. Hence, there is a need to re-strategize communication and reconstruct media for the maintenance of acquired new behaviours. This is necessary because the media possesses the ability and capacity to improved knowledge, set agenda for public discourse and influence public opinion and policy formulation in the sub-Saharan region.Item A PRAGMATIC INVESTIGATION OF LANGUAGE USE IN HIV/ AIDS SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ADVERTISEMENTS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA(2012-09) MAKINDE, M. T.Studies on the social management of HIV and AIDS in Nigeria have focused on how awareness about HIV and AIDS has been created through electronic media campaigns and organised interpersonal communication. These studies have not investigated context-constrained language use in the advertisements on the disease despite the wide coverage and potential effectiveness of these advertisements in the public sensitisation about HIV and AIDS. This study, therefore, investigated the pragmatic features of language in selected HIV and AIDS management advertisements with a view to identifying the pragmatic force of the language, its locutions and its intended perlocutionary effects on the audience in Ogun State. Pragmatic and Speech Act theories were adopted for the research. Twenty-five advertisements broadcast to all African countries on both private and government owned television stations by ‘African Broadcast Media’ constituted the data. One hundred and fifty copies of a questionnaire were administered purposively to inhabitants of major cities in Ogun State to determine the perlocutionary effects of the language. Unstructured interviews were also conducted with 50 purposively selected respondents. Data were subjected to content analysis and percentages. Six pragmatic functions manifested in the advertisements: co-opting, projecting, encouraging, embolding, instigating and advising. Co-opting and Projecting were realised through inference (INF), shared situational knowledge (SSK) and relevance (REL) to enlist audience in the mobilisation against HIV and AIDS pandemic. Encouraging and Embolding were projected through SSK and INF to motivate the audience to go for HIV test and speak openly about the virus. Instigating was achieved through indirect speech act to empower the female against discrimination and stigmatisation. Advising was practed through SSK and INF to promote fidelity and safe sex. Eradication of stigmatisation was suggested through vocables pointing to bonding, intimacy, accomplishment and social relations. Unstructured interviews revealed a subtle compulsion created for the audience to check their HIV status through the repetitive use of voiceless bilabial plosive /p/, voiceless alveolar fricative /s/, and voiceless alveolar plosive /t/ which created hypnotic effects. The roll /r/ had a pragmatic effect of reiterating the importance of mutual respect in all relationships. Perlocutionary effect determined through questionnaire indicated that a high number of respondents (74. 6%) affirmed that the language of the advertisements was effective enough to encourage abstinence from premarital and casual sex. Although 53.2% indicated that they were earlier afraid of rejection and 40.5% scared of the outcome of the screening, 73.9% claimed that the language of the advertisements encouraged them to check their HIV status. A total of 87.0% confirmed that they were aware of facts surrounding the contact and spread of the virus having watched the advertisements. Pragmatic functions, locutions and intended perlocutionary effects were exploited by HIV and AIDS management advertisers to sensitise the audience, promote social ties and project into an HIV free African society. Consequently, the pragmatic import of the language proved effective in the management of HIV and AIDS awareness campaign. This import is, therefore, recommended to be considered by Non-governmental Organisations and advertisers in all language-based awareness and control campaigns on the pandemicItem Influence of spousal communication about family planning and HIV/AIDS related issues on modern contraceptive use in Nigeria(Sage Publications, 2017) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Ojebuyi, B. R.Contraceptive use in Nigeria at 15 per cent is low, despite a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence of 3.4 per cent and fertility rate of 5.7 per cent. We assessed the levels of spousal communication on family planning and contraception (FPC) and HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), influence of demographic characteristics on this communication and association between this communication and the respondents’ health behaviours. We used a cross-sectional and nationally representative data on reproductive health and HIV/AIDS-related issues from randomly selected 30,752 men and women of reproductive age. Descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square (χ2) and logistic regression were used to analyze the data at 5 per cent significance level. About 61 per cent of the respondents were 25–49 years old and mostly from rural areas (65 per cent). Only 20 per cent of the respondents discussed HIV/AIDS with their spouses within 12 months preceding the survey while 15 per cent discussed FPC. A discussion of both HIV/AIDS and FPC among spouses was reported among 9 per cent compared to 26 per cent who reported discussing either. Respondents aged 35–39 years had higher odds of discussing HIV/AIDS (Odds Ratios [OR] = 7.06:6.16–8.09) than those aged 15–19 years. Urban dwellers also had higher odds (OR = 1.24:1.16–1.31) of HIV/AIDS discussions than rural respondents. Modern contraceptive use was 35 per cent and 23 per cent among respondents who discussed FPC and HIV/AIDS compared to 8 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively, among those who did not. Spousal communication on FP and HIV/AIDS was low and has influenced contraceptive use and HIV positivity in Nigeria. There is a need to encourage spousal discussion on FP and HIV/AIDS, especially among the rural dwellers and the poor and uneducated as a strategy for improving modern contraceptive use.Item Corps feminin, corps saccage, corps mutile: la vie sans fard de la femme opprimee dans Je suis nee au harem de Choga Regina Egbeme(Faculty of Arts, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2016) Olayinka, E. B.The theory of objectification of female body highlights the question of the subjugation of woman. This phenomenon causes a virulent violence done to women by men, reducing the former to her body without regard for her personality and integrity. For decades, feminists oppose this challenge of making the woman an object of sexual desire and re / production . Choga Regina Egbeme’s Je uis nee au harem ( I was born in harem) highlights the appalling damage that men do to women and raises the principle of the oppression of women in a notoriously hegemonic society. The experience of papa David’s wives and daughters throughout the autobiographic narrative is the testimony of many African women. Following her forced marriage to a downright aggressive man, who raped her, and consequently infected with HIV by him and the baby resulted from the rape, Choga, the eponymous protagonist of the novel, secretly fled the prison home where she lives with her co-wives to help children and women who fall victims of this scourge. This article is based on a purely autobiographical novel which bitterly denounces the subjugation of the African woman caught in an ethos gearing, of diseases and even thorny traditions. Despite years of anti-hegemonic feminist campaigns that emphasises revalorisation of the female body, it is found that the female body remains a political site of patriarchal force.