scholarly works

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Author: search.filters.author.Cadmus,S.I.B

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    Prevalence of previously undetected tuberculosis and underlying risk factors for transmission in a prison setting in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria
    (2014) Adesokan,H.K; Cadmus,E.O; Adeyemi,W.B; Lawal,O; Ogunlade,C.O; Osman,E; Olaleye,O.D; Cadmus,S.I.B
    People with congregational tendencies such as the prison inmates constitute an important target group in the global efforts towards the control of tuberculosis (TB). The prison setting in most developing countries particularly Nigeria, currently does not have routine diagnostic procedures for TB despite the existing risks that could facilitate disease transmission. We conducted a cross sectional study among the inmates in a major prison in south-western Nigeria for TB by screening their sputum samples using a simple random sampling method coupled with questionnaire interview, on the assumption of sub-clinical pulmonary TB infection. The overall TB prevalence found was 1.2% (2/164). Significant risk factors that could facilitate disease transmission in the prison included lack of BCG immunization (p = 0.017); history of contact with TB patients (p = 0.020); prolonged cough (p = 0.016) and drug abuse (p = 0.019). Our findings of 1.2% undetected pulmonary TB infection among the inmates though low; still reiterate previous observation that the prison setting constitutes a veritable environment for TB transmission and a threat to public health. Efforts are therefore needed to institute routine screening and reduce the risk factors associated with TB transmission among prison inmates in Nigeria.
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    Inhibitory activities of selected South west Nigerian Medicinal
    (2013) Ajaiyeoba, E.O; Cadmus,S.I.B; Osiyemi,O.A; Adesokan,H.K; Fadare,D.A
    Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease prevalent in the tropics especially in Africa and Asia is one of the highest causes of morbidity and mortality and a global concern. With increasing resistance of the pathogen, to existing antituberculosis drugs and the synergy between TB infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the need for development of new drugs to cope with the infection is urgent.
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    Knowledge and practices related to bovine brucellosis transmission amongst livestock workers in Yewa, south-western Nigeria
    (2013) Adesokan,H.K; Alabi,P.I; Stack, J.A; Cadmus,S.I.B
    Brucellosis is an endemic disease in the animal population in Nigeria and of major public health importance, particularly amongst livestock workers who are ignorant of the risk of Brucella infection. Therefore, to gain insight into the knowledge and practices related to brucellosis transmission amongst livestock holders (LH) and livestock marketers (LM) in Yewa, an international livestock trading centre in south-western Nigeria, we conducted an interview-based study using a cluster sampling technique. In all, a total of 157 respondents comprising 54 LH and 103 LM were interviewed. Two-thirds (69.5%) of the two groups had poor knowledge of brucellosis with no significant difference between them (p = 0.262). Furthermore, consumption of unpasteurised milk, uncooked meat and its products, co-habitation with animals, and poor hygiene were significant risk practices identified as possible means of transfer of Brucella infection from animals to humans amongst these livestock workers (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings revealed that poor knowledge and practices related to the consumption of unpasteurised or unboiled dairy products, contaminated beef, and unhygienic practices are factors that will facilitate Brucella infections amongst livestock workers in Nigeria. Therefore, there is a need for more public health enlightenment programmes, as well as implementation of brucellosis control measures in the cattle populations.
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    recovery rates of mycobacterium tuberculosis using five decontamination methods
    (2012) Falodun,O.I; Adesokan,H.K; Cadmus,S.I.B
    tuberculosis (TB) caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the leading infectious diseases in resource limited countries of the world, including Nigeria. For optimal care of patients with pulmonary TB, effective decontamination methods are required for isolation and identification of M. tuberculosis from other fast growing organisms found in sputum samples of infected patients. five methods of sputum decontamination including the petroff,oxalic,bleach,simplified concentration and kodoh methods were assessed prior to mycobacterial culture. in all, thirty human sputum samples were processed and results analysed after eight weeks of incubation. overall, there was a significant difference in the growth yield using the different methods (friedman test statistic,Q =36.3; p<0.05). again,a significant difference (friedman test statistic,Q = 48.0; P <0.05) was observed between the valuable and non-valuable yield of mycobacteria. furthermore, the simplified concentration method had the best performance in terms of pure culture growth/minimal media contamination coupled with a cost benefit ratio of 0.10; the bleach method being the least. given these findings,coupled with laboratory challenges in developing countries as well as ease of use on the field/cost effectiveness: we propose the simplified concentration as an optimal decontamination method for use in resources limited settings where TB remains an endemic problem. organismes a croissance rapide qui se trouvent dans les echantillons de crachat des patients infectes. cinq methodes de decontamination du crachat y compris les methods de petroff, oxalique, de blanchiment, de concentration simplifiee et de kudoh ont ete evaluees avant la culture des mycobacteries, en tout, trente echantillons de crachat humains ont ete traites et les resultats analyses apres huit semaines d'incubation. de facon generale, il y avait une difference considerable dans les rendements de croissance en utilisant les differentes methods(test statistique de friedman,q =36.3; p<0.05) aussi, on a remarque une difference importante(test statistique de friedman, Q = 48.0; p<0.05) entre le rendement important et peu important de mycobacterie. de plus, la methode de concentration simplifiee a eu une meilleure performance en termes de croissance de culture propre/ contamination minimale de madia ajoutee a un ratio de profit de laboraroire dans les pays en developpement de menne que la facilite de l'usage sur terrain/efficacite du cout; nous proposons la concentration simplifiee comme methode de decontamination optimale l'usage des pays a ressources limitees ou la TB demeure un probleme endemique.
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    Management and operations of selected slaughterhouses in Oyo and Lagos
    (2012) Adesokan, H.K; Oyedoyun, A.A; Ishola, O.O; Cadmus,S.I.B
    slaughterhouse are critical point in the meat production continuum and key element in disease control chain among animals and humans. Poor mamagement and operations in slaughterhouses could undermine these potential benefits. In this study, we investigated the management and operations of 25 randomly selected urban slaughterhouses in south-western Nigeria through the use of questionnaire method. the results show that 80% of the slaughterhouses were owned by the government while the remaining were privately owned. However, 48% of the government slaughterhouses were managed by the chairmen of butchers associations, majority of whom had only primary (36%) or no formal education (20%). while only 4% each had bleeding area and slaughter hall, 84% lacked facilities for chilling meat. furthermore, 88% of these slaughterhouses indiscriminately slaughtered cattle above two years old, an important factor when considering meat palatability. overall, the low educational status of the personnel managing some of these slaughterhouses coupled with the poor facilities could adversely affect hygeinic processing of caresses thereby undermining the drive for food safety. in conclusion, we advocate the need for government to step up her supervisory activities regarding the operations and hygienic standards of slaughterhouses in Nigeria in order to safe guard public health.
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    Mycobacterium bovis infection in livestock workers in Ibadan, Nigeria: evidence of occupational exposure
    (2012) Adesokan,H.K; Jenkins,A.O; Soolingen,D.V; Cadmus,S.I.B
    bovine tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in the cattle population in nigeria. Livestock workers are at risk of mycobacterium bovis infection and unaware of their health status. Objective: to determine the occurrence of pulmonary M. bovis infection among livestock workers. design: a cross-sectional study of livestock traders was conducted for TB through screening of sputum samples using a simple random sampling method coupled with oral interview on the assumption of sub-clinical pulmonary TB infection. specimens were cultured, and the isolates analysed using molecular typing techniques. results: overall, 10% (7/70) of the livestock traders had a positive culture indicative of M. bovis (n = 2) and M. tuberculosis (n = 5) using deletion typing. further spoligotyping analyses of the M. tuberculosis isolates classified the strains as SB1432 and SB09444 and LAM-10 and T1 using respectively www.mbovis.org and spotclust databases. prolonged cough and >3years in the livestock trade were risk factors for infection. conclusion: we confirm that there is undetected pulmonary M. bovis infection among livestock traders in nigeria. further studies on the role of occupationally exposed workers in the transmission of M. bovis infection to the community are required.
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    Seroprevalence of Brucella abortus and B. canis in household dogs in southwestern
    (2011) Cadmus,S.I.B; Adesokan,H.K; Ajala,H.O; Odetokun,W.O; Perrett,L.L; Stack,J.A
    A preliminary serological study of 366 household dogs in Lagos and Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria, was carried out to determine antibodies due to exposure to Brucella abortus and B. canis, using the rose bengal test (RBT) and the rapid slide agglutination (RSA) test, respectively. Results showed that 5.46 % (20/366) and 0.27 % (1/366) of the dogs screened were seropositive to B. abortus and B. canis, respectively.Of all dogs, 36 had a history of being fed foetuses from cows and 11 (30.6 %) of these tested positive in the RBT. Our findings, although based on a limited sample size and a dearth of clinical details, revealed that dogs in Nigeria may be infected with Brucella spp. given the wide range of risk factors. Further studies are recommended to elucidate the epidemiology of brucellosis in dogs and its possible zoonotic consequences in the country.