Crop Protection & Environmental Biology
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Item Relative effects of uniconazole-p and other growth regulators on micropropagation ratio of yam (dioscorea spp.) plantlets at different growth phases(Indian Society for Root Crops, 2014) Balogun, M. O.; Ng, S. Y.; Fawole, I.; Shiwachi, H.; Kikuno, H.Scarcity of planting materials, pest and diseases are major constraints to yam production. The tissue culture techniques, meristem culture combined with heat therapy has been used to produce high-yielding virus-tested plantlets of root crops, which are later multiplied through micropropagation. This procedure, however has low regedaration and multiplication rates in yam. We investigated effects of different plant growth regulators on rate of growth of yam plantlets when applied at different growth phases. Three concentrations each of uniconazole-p (UP), gibberellic acid (GA3), jasmonic acid(JA) and naphthalene acetic (NAA) acids were applied at single node and primary nodal complex (PNC) formation phases in a split-plot design using two genotypes each of white and water yam. Number of nodes per plantlet was recorded after 16 weeks. Results showed that number of new nodes varied significantly with genotype by growth phase interaction and the main effect of PGRs. After 16 weeks, the control, 1.7 μM UP and 0.03 μM JA showed highest means of 7, 9 and 8 nodes per plantlet respectively compared to 2-3 nodes in the GA treatments. We demonstrated that 4900, 8100 and 6400 plantlets could be obtained in one year using 100 nodes by sub-culturing them four times. Addition of PGRs at PNC doubled the number of nodes per plantlet. However the effect of stage of treatment varied with genotypes. The GA and its inhibitor, UP influenced the multiplication rate of yam.Item Interaction among cultural factors in microtuberization of white yam (dioscorea rotundata)(Wiley InterScience, 2006) Balogun, M. O.; Fawole, I.; Ng, S. Y. C.; Shiwachi, H.; Kikuno, H.Single node cuttings from pathogen-tested in vitro plantlets of white guinea yam (D. rotundata), cultivar TDr 93–23, were cultured in tuberization and half- and full-strength Murashige and Skoog media with 5% or 8% sucrose, with or without agar, in light or darkness and at 25 or 18°C. Microtuberization is influenced by interactions among the factors, but 25°C and daylight are critical.Item Comparative effects of explant sources and genotypes on microtuberization in yams (Dioscorea spp.)(Wiley InterScience, 2004) Balogun, M. O.; Ng, S. Y. C.; Shiwachi, H.; Ng, N. Q.; Fawole, I.Single node cuttings of two genotypes each of Dioscorea alata and D. rotundata from both plants grown in screen houses and in vitro plantlets were cultured in a tuberization medium. The screen house explants had significantly higher plantlet tuberization and primary nodal complex formation, and more tubers and primary nodal complexes per plantlet than in vitro explants, whereas in vitro explants performed better only in nodes per plantlet. It appears that in vitro tuberization is explant- , species- and genotype-dependent, the greatest variation being due to explant source. This is a first report of microtuber production from nodal explants of D. rotundata produced in a screen house.Item Cassava micropropagation in a developing economy: efficacy of the use of alternative sources of water, macro and micro-nutrients(Science Association of Nigeria, 2003) Balogun, M. O.; Ng, S. Y. C.; Fawole, I.The effect of water, micro- and macro-nutrient source on growth and development of cassava plantlets was investigated. Two varieties of cassava (TME 2 and TMS 4(2) 1425) were used. The double- distilled water currently being used was substituted with well water, IITA tap water and water from air conditioner (a/c); while the Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium popularly adopted as the source of macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients and vitamins was also substituted with fertilizers and multimineral tablet. Percentage root formation, plantlet formation and number of roots per plantlet were considerably reduced when tap water was used in TMS 4(2) 1425 but not in TME 2. Well water and a/c water performed equally well as double-distilled water in supporting plantlet growth and development. Almost all the plantlets grown in medium with fertilizer as macro-nutrient source did not survive while those grown in medium with multimineral tablet as micro-nutrient source appeared stunted. Most of those grown in medium with both fertilizer and multimineral tablet as macro- and micro-nutrient sources also did not survive. MS basal medium still proved to be the best in supporting plantlet growth and development, it was however the most expensive.Item Variations in microtuberization among local, improved and exotic yam accessions in Nigeria(Idealway Publishers, 2007) Balogun, M. O.; Ng, N. Q.; Fawole, I.; Kikuno, H.