Crop Protection & Environmental Biology

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End date: 2009

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    Effects of lead on performance and nutrient quality of two cowpea varieties
    (2003) Fadina, O.O; Opeolu, B. O
    The effects of lead on plant growth, yield and nutrient quality of two cowpea varieties (IT94K-4403 and IT93KZ-8-21-23-3) were studied. Soil and seeds analyses for lead before planting and after harvest revealed variable decreases in lead levels in contaminated soil after harvest. While lead was not detectable in the planted and harvested seeds. There were no significant differences in the various lead contamination levels with respect to germination days and maturation days. Lead contamination was found to have adverse effects on the yield of cowpea. The variety IT94K-4403 showed no variation in protein after harvest with the different levels of lead contamination, IT93KZ-8-21-23-3 on the other hand showed variable deceases in protein content.
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    Effect of Spent Lubricating Oil on Some Growth Parameters of Two Varieties (TGXl485 - ID and TGXl448 - 2E) of Soybeans, (Glyzine max. merril)
    (2002) Mbong, G. A; Fadina, O.O; Focho, B. A,; Azo, W. M; Seino, R. A.
    The effects of spent lubricating oil on the growth of two varieties of soybean (TG x 1485-ID; (V1)) and (TG x 1448-2E; (V2)) were investigated in the laboratory and greenhouse experiments. In all the plants treated with spent lubricating oil, germination was delayed when compared with the Controls. Also results from growth parameters such as stem height/plant, number of leaves/plants, - number of nodes/plants and number of branches/plant indicated that spent lubricating oil had some adverse effects on the growth of soybeans. However, V1 seems to be more tolerant to contamination by spent lubricating oil in terms of growth indices than V2, which suffered most. Generally, while V2 produced a net higher dry pod weight/plant, V1 produced less dry weight/plant. It was generally observed in the study that with increasing level of oil contamination, the toxicity of the oil was more pronounced
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    Reduced Morphological Root Features of Anthracnose Infected Cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (I.) Walp)
    (2002) Ajari, I. O.; Fadina, O.O
    ln a green house experiment to determine the effects of anthracnose disease caused by collectricum lindemuthianum on cowpea, sterilized siols in planting pots were used for planning two susceptible cowpea varieties (Ife Brown and 1782-60). The seedlings were inoculated with the inoculum meal of the pathogen after 3 weeks of planting. The results obtained show that characteristics tan to brown anthracnose symptoms had appeared on the leaves of both varieties after 3 weeks of inoculation, while the roots of the infected cowpeas were observed to be morphologically different from the roots of the uninfected plants. Similarly, infected plants were smaller in size and a marked reduction in their yield IT82f 60 (35%) versus Ife Brown (19%). The reduction of the plant structures and yield of the infected plants was suspected to have been as a result of the anthracnose disease
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    Survey of Downy Mildew Disease of Maize (Peronoscleropora Sorghi) For Appropriate Control Strategies
    (2000) Fadina, 0.0; Adeoti, B. O.
    The study sets out to find the various factors militating against the effective control of the downy mildew disease of maize in some local government areas of Oyo and Ogun States (Nigeria). Lack of adequate communication between the farmers and researchers and the unavailability of downy mildew resistant seeds at the appropriate time and at affordable prices are some of the factors militating against the effective control of the downy mildew disease of maize. The testing of relationships with chi-square between farmers educational levels and incidence of disease shows that there is no relationship between the two i.e. X2 cal > X2 tab at 95% significant level. The chi-square test also indicated that there is still the occurrence of the disease irrespective of whether farmers have access to extension agents or not because X2 cal = 7.98 while X2 tab = 5.99 at 95% significant level. The adoption of an integrated pest management approach, close linkage between the farmers and researchers and the provision of technical advice by extension agents were suggested
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    Toxicity of gamma-benzene hydrochloride (y-bhc) to oreochromis niloticus (pisces: cichlidae)
    (2000) Fadina, 0.0; Taiwo, V.O; Ogunsunmi, A O; Agbede, S A
    The toxicity of gamma-benzene hydrochloride (y-BHC) to Oreochromis mlolicus was evaluated in a static bioassay system A various concentrations and ponods of exposure, changes in behavioural responses and ortahbes were recorded in the test fish, while no such responses or any molality was recorded in the control fish throughout the period of the experiment increasing concentration and periods of exposure to y-BHC caused uncoordinated movements, erratic swimming behavior and extreme dullness prior to death of the lest fish. There are progressive heamoconcentration, hyperproteinaemia, hypernatraemia, decreased plasma cabon concentration, hypoglycaemia and increased plasma levels of ALP, AST and ALT will increasing concentration of y- BHC and period of exposure of test fish Death of test fish pccued cathest in the highest concentration of y- BHC(200ppm) and with increasing ponods of exposure postmortem lesions observed in the test fish include haemorrhagic and necrotic enlentis and myocarditis, hepalocellular degeneration and necrosim and non-suppurative meningoencephalitis it is concluded that y-BHC is very toxic to O.nilolicus, causing severed ncule denydration,haemoconcentration, organ damage and death. Hence, it is suggested that the use of y-BHC to properly controlled and regulated by appropriate legislation in order to prevent its bioaccumulation in the environment and immnent disastrous effect on the ecosystem
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    The efficacy of karate (lambdacyhalothrin) in controlling heloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) on soybeans (glycine max. L. Merril.)
    (1997) Fadina, O.O; Adesiyan, S.O.
    The nematicidal properties of a synthetic pyrethriod (Karate) was investigated. In laboratory experiments, Karate at different concentrations (4,000ppm, 6,000ppm and 8,000pm against Meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) prevented egg- hatch and accentuated the death of the infective second stage juveniles. In green-house experiments, as little as 4,000ppm of Karate reduced both the number of galls and the population of juveniles in soils when compare with the Control plants. However, Karate applied as soil-drench resulted in wilting of plants at all concentrations
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    The Effects of Single and Combined Repetitive Oral Administration of Common Pesticides and Alcohol on Rabbits
    (1999) Fadina, O.O; Taiwo, V.O; Ogunsunmi, A.O
    The toxicological effects of repetitive single or combined oral administration of a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide (KarateR), nicotine and alcohol (ethanol) in rabbits were studied. Rabbits given daily oral doses of either KarateR, nicotine or ethanol and a combination of either KarateR and nicotine or alcohol exhibited various forms and severities of nervous signs, haematological and serum biochemical alterations, and lungs, liver, heart, kidney and brain damage. Single repetitive nicotine consumption proved most fatal with 75% mortality rate recorded within eight weeks, while combined KarateR and alcohol consumption caused 100% mortality within ten weeks. Severe anaemia, panleucopenia, significant increase in serum gammaglutamyl transferase and hypocholesterolaemia were the hallmarks of severe toxicity with these agents. This study highlights the possible long-term effects of the indiscriminate use of pesticides, and some common environmental pollutants like alcohol on rabbits. This very serious threat to biodiversity Conservation efforts in our environment that may result from this is discussed.
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    Biological Control of Root Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) On Tissue Cultural Banana (Dwarf Carvendish Var. Basarai)
    (2004) Fadina, O. O; Nadgauda, S. R
    Biocontrol powder Phule Trichoderma has been successfully used on a number of horticultural crops. The present investigation was carried out to explore the nematicidal properties of Phule Trichoderma against the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) infesting the tissue culture banana (Dwarf Cavendish - var. Basarai). In vitro tests slowed that the various concentrations of Phule Trichoderma prevented nematode egg hatching and also resulted in 100% mortality of nematode juveniles. Tissue culture banana plants were also dipped into various concentrations of Phule Trichoderma before planting out into plastic bags. Plant were inoculated with 250 nematode juveniles and alter ten days, the roots were stained with cotton blue lactophenol and nematodes were counted under a dissecting microscope. The results indicated that the higher the concentration of Phule Trichoderma in banana plants, the lower the ability of the nematode to penetrate the roots. Furthermore, the nematode juveniles that penetrated the treated roots were found dead. This could have resulted from the toxic metabolites produced front Phule Trichoderma. Also, root zone treatment of plants treated with Phule Trichoderma prevented the development of giant cells and roots knots in treated plants while the development of giant cells and root knots were observed in untreated plants exposed to nematode infestation.